Forensic Chemistry PDF
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Uploaded by GratefulOstrich6985
M. Rosario
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Summary
This document provides an introduction to forensic chemistry, including the history of forensic chemistry in the Philippines, crime lab units, the role of a forensic chemist, types of evidence, and the nature of blood. It covers topics such as the collection of evidence, analysis techniques, and the importance of chemical and physical properties in the identification of evidence. The document also discusses different tests used for blood analysis, including presumptive and confirmatory tests.
Full Transcript
***INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC CHEMISTRY*** **HISTORY OF FORENSIC CHEMISTRY in the Philippines** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **Forensic Chemistry** - 1. 2. 3. 4. **Crime Lab Units** - - - - - - - - - **NBI Cri...
***INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC CHEMISTRY*** **HISTORY OF FORENSIC CHEMISTRY in the Philippines** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **Forensic Chemistry** - 1. 2. 3. 4. **Crime Lab Units** - - - - - - - - - **NBI Crime Laboratory** **Role of a Forensic Chemist** **Evidence** - - - - **Classification of Types of Evidence**  - - - - **Types of Physical Evidence** - - - - - **Class vs Individual Characteristics** - - - - - - - - **What will evidence collected at a scene do for the investigation?** - - - - - - - **Why is Physical Evidence Important?** - **What is the Purpose of Identification of Physical Evidence?** - - - - **Why is Comparison of Physical Evidence Important?** - - - **General Rules in the Collection of Evidence** a. b. c. d. e. f. **Factors Contributing to the Loss of Physical Evidence** a. b. c. d. e. ***Scientific Method*** - **Evidence Samples** - - **Physical Properties and Changes** - - - - **Presumptive & Confirmatory Tests** - - **Analytical Techniques** - - **Principles Used in Forensic Chemistry** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ***NATURE OF BLOOD*** **IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY OF BLOOD** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **NATURE OF BLOOD** 1. - 2. - - 3. - **FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD** 1. a. b. c. 2.  3. - 4. **KINDS OF BLOOD** 1. - - - 2. - - - **CHARACTERISTICS OF BLOOD** 1. - - 2. - - 3. - - - 4. - 5. - - - **COMPOSITION OF BLOOD** ***A. Formed Elements (35%)*** 1. - - - - - 2. - a. - - b. - - - ***3. Platelets (Thrombocytes)*** - - ***B. Liquid Portion (65% of total blood volume)*** 1. 2.  **Collection, Preservation, Packing and Transportation of Specimens Suspected to Contain Blood**  **PROBLEMS IN THE STUDY OF BLOOD** - - - - - - ***THE FORENSICS OF BLOOD*** **FORENSIC ANALYSIS OF BLOOD** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ***1. Visual examination of evidence*** ***2. Presumptive screening test (Is it blood?)*** **PRESUMPTIVE SCREENING TESTS** - - - - - **Color Tests** - - - - - - - - - **5 Types of Color Tests** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ***Benzidine Test*** - - - ***Phenolphthalein Test/Kastle - Meyer Test*** - - - ***O-Tolidine Test*** - - - ***Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)*** - - 1. 2. 3. ***Leucomalachite Green (LMG) Test*** - - **Chemiluminescence and Fluorescence** - - ***Chemiluminescence and Fluorescence*** - - - - - ***Luminol*** - - -  ***Fluorescein*** - - - - ***3. Confirmation test (Seriously, is it blood?)*** **CONFIRMATORY TESTS** - - - - - ***Teichmann Test and Takayama Test*** - - - -  ***4. Determine species origin (human blood?)*** **SPECIES ORIGIN** - - - - - - - - - - - -  ***5. Identify the blood (whose blood is it?)*** **GENETIC MARKERS IN BLOOD** - - - - **BLOOD GROUP MARKERS** - - - - - - - - - - **BLOOD GROUP MARKERS**  **BLOOD TYPING** - - **BLOOD TYPING ANALYSIS** - - - - - - **WHY DO BLOOD TYPING?** - - - **RH FACTOR** - **SECRETORS** - **GENETIC MARKERS IN BLOOD** - - -
