For-Quiz-1.pdf

PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE 4 concurrent code, making it more readable and maintainable. Introduction to C# C# 6.0 (2015)...

PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE 4 concurrent code, making it more readable and maintainable. Introduction to C# C# 6.0 (2015) Focused on improving syntax: Origins and Development of C# → Auto-Property Initializers: Simplified property declarations. C# Creation and Microsoft’s Role (2000) → Null-Conditional Operators (?.): → C# was developed by Microsoft as part of its.NET Reduced the risk of NullReferenceException by initiative, led by Anders Hejlsberg. The goal was to providing concise syntax for null checks. create a modern, object-oriented programming → String Interpolation: Simplified string language that would be simple, efficient, and secure, formatting by embedding expressions within string literals. designed for the.NET Framework. → It was introduced to address some limitations in C# 7.0 and 7.1 (2017) languages like C++ and Java, providing a powerful yet Enhancements to make the language more user-friendly tool for developers. expressive: → Tuples: Introduced lightweight data Initial Release — C# 1.0 (2002) structures for returning multiple values. → Released with Visual Studio.NET, C# 1.0 focused → Pattern Matching: Allowed more on core object-oriented principles, garbage collection, expressive and functional code by matching exception handling, and a familiar C/C++ style patterns in switch statements and other syntax. contexts. → The language was tightly integrated with the.NET → Local Functions: Enabled defining Framework, leveraging the Common Language functions inside other functions for Runtime (CLR) for cross-language compatibility. encapsulation. Pattern matching in C# allows you to test whether Key Evolution Milestones of C# a value fits a certain pattern and extract data from that value. It simplifies conditional logic by enabling C# 2.0 (2005) type checks, value checks, and decomposing data Introduced significant language enhancements: structures in a more concise and readable manner. → Generics: Allowed for creating type-safe collections and methods. → Anonymous Methods: Helped developers write more flexible and concise code. → Iterators: Simplified the process of enumerating through collections. C# 3.0 (2007) Key Innovations: → LINQ (Language Integrated Query): Allowed querying data (from collections, databases, XML, etc.) using C# syntax. C# 8.0 (2019) → Lambda Expressions: Enabled more Introduced: concise and functional programming patterns. → Nullable Reference Types: Improved → Extension Methods: Allowed adding null-safety by distinguishing between nullable methods to existing types without modifying and non-nullable reference types. them. → Asynchronous Streams (Async Iterators): Enhanced async programming, C# 4.0 (2010) making it easier to work with data streams. Focused on improving interoperability with dynamic → Switch Expressions: Further modernized pattern matching syntax. programming languages: → Dynamic Type: Enabled dynamic typing C# 9.0 (2020) for easier interaction with COM objects, Focused on immutability and simplifying code: dynamic languages like Python, or JavaScript. → Records: Introduced for creating → Named and Optional Parameters: immutable, lightweight data objects. Simplified function calls with default values. → Init-Only Properties: Allowed setting properties only during initialization, improving C# 5.0 (2012) immutability. Major improvement: → Asynchronous Programming (async/await): Revolutionized how developers wrote asynchronous and cinna and boba ♡ C# 10.0 (2021) simplifying development for cloud-native Aimed at reducing boilerplate code: applications. → Global Usings: Simplified managing namespaces by defining common using directives globally across files. → File-Scoped Namespaces: Allowed for more compact namespace declarations. Setting Up the Development Environment → Record Structs: Extended records to of C# support value types, offering benefits of records for structs. Visual Studio: a powerful and widely used IDE C# 11.0 (2022) for C# development. Recent improvements include: a. It offers a rich set of features, including → Raw String Literals: Made working with code editing, debugging, version control multi-line and special-character strings easier integration, and more. without requiring extensive escaping. b. User-friendly interface and available in → Generic Math: Provided a more robust both free and paid versions. system for working with numeric types across generics. Visual Studio Code: a lightweight and → Required Members: Ensured that certain customizable IDE that has gained popularity members are initialized during object creation, further improving immutability practices. among developers. a. It offers a wide range of extensions. b. Supports C# development through the C# extension. Impact of.NET CORE and.NET 5+ c. VS Code is free and is available on multiple platforms. NET Core Introduction (2016) Microsoft introduced.NET Core to allow C# and.NET 1. Installing the.NET SDK: The.NET SDK to be cross-platform (Windows, macOS, Linux). (Software Development Kit) provides the necessary tools, libraries, and runtime for This was a shift from the Windows-only.NET Framework. developing C# applications. 2. Creating a New C# Project:.NET 5 (2020) and Beyond a. Open your chosen IDE and create With the release of.NET 5, Microsoft unified.NET a new C# project. Core and.NET Framework under a single platform. b. The IDE will provide templates and project structures to help you get This allowed C# to be used seamlessly across started quickly. different platforms and environments, including 3. Writing and compiling your first C# web development, desktop applications, mobile program development, cloud services, and even game 4. Running your C# program: The IDE development through Unity. will provide options to run your program within the development environment or generate an executable file that can be Modern Use and Future of C# run independently. C# continues to be a versatile and evolving Summary: language, widely used in enterprise 1. Setting up your development applications, web development (with environment for C# is a crucial step in ASP.NET), mobile apps (via Xamarin), and your programming journey. game development (with Unity). Microsoft’s 2. Choosing the right IDE. ongoing updates ensure that C# remains 3. Installing the.NET SDK. modern, flexible, and competitive with newer 4. Creating a new project. languages. 5. Running your program. As of now, C# is evolving towards supporting even more functional programming features, enhancing performance, and cinna and boba ♡  Basic Structure of a C# Program Comments/Variables and Data Types/Operators A minimal C# program must include: → A namespace (to organize code and avoid name conflicts) → A class (the building block of C# programs) → A Main method (entry point of the application) Arithmetic Operators Explanation of the Example: 1. using System: This directive imports the System namespace, which provides essential classes like Console. It allows us Comparison Operators to use its functionalities without fully qualifying the names. 2. namespace HelloWorldApp: The namespace is used to group classes and organize code. In larger programs, Logical Operators namespaces help avoid naming conflicts. 3. class Program: The class keyword defines a new class. In C#, everything is encapsulated in classes. Program is the name of the class that contains the Main Conditional Statements method. 4. static void Main(string[] args): The Main method is the entry point for every C# console application. When the program runs, execution starts here. static: The method is called on the class itself, not on an instance of the class. void: The method does not return a value. string[] args: Represents Switch Statement command-line arguments passed to the program. 5. Console.WriteLine("Hello, World!");: This line prints the string "Hello, World!" to the console. Console is a class in the System namespace that provides methods for input and output. cinna and boba ♡ For Loop Summary of C# Syntax Features → Case-sensitive: C# differentiates between main and Main. → Statements end with a semicolon: Each line of executable code is typically followed by a “;”. → Code is organized in classes: Even the simplest C# program needs at least one class. While Loop Common Errors in C# Syntax → Missing Semicolon: Forgetting to terminate a statement with a semicolon will result in a compile-time error. → Case Sensitivity: Misnaming method or variable identifiers (e.g., using main instead of Main). → Mismatched Braces: Every “{” must have a Functions and Methods corresponding “}”. Methods are blocks of code that perform specific tasks. The Main method is an example of this. cinna and boba ♡