for-final-exam.pdf

1. Habitat and niche- A habitat is the place where an organism lives while a niche is that organism's role within that environment. 2. Distinguish between a population and a community- A habitat is the place where an organism lives while a niche is that organism's r...

1. Habitat and niche- A habitat is the place where an organism lives while a niche is that organism's role within that environment. 2. Distinguish between a population and a community- A habitat is the place where an organism lives while a niche is that organism's role within that environment. Community a group of potentially enteracting population. 3. Productivity- organisms in the form of biomass 4. Species- a complete self-generating, unique ensemble of genetic variation capable of interbreeding and produce fertile offspring 5. Succession- is a predictable ordering of arrival and dominance of species, usually following a disturbance. 6. Spatial variation- the measure of the type spacing among individuals 7. Population size- the number of organisms in a defined area 8. Population density- refers to the number of individuals per unit area 9. Foundation species- which contribute substantially to the structure of a local habitat and determine many of its physical and chemical properties. 10. Species diversity- 11. Gross primary productivity- total rate at which material is produced. 12. Net primary productivity- primary production (NPP) is the rate at which material is accumulated in excess of respiration. 13. Biomass- is the mass of organisms present in a defined area or volume 14. Competition- biological interaction that occurs when organisms or species compete for a limited resource 15. Guild- is a group of species that exploit the same resource. 16. Keystone species- A predator at the top of a food web exerting such strong effects 17. Ecotone- a zone of transition between two habitat types 18. Allee effect - When population size is very small, relatively minor random change cause population extinction. 19. limiting factor- Anything that restricts the number of individuals in a population 20. relative abundance- 21. diversity- variation in different ecosystems, including the number of species, habitats, communities, and ecological processes 22. competitive exclusion principle 23. Carrying capacity 24. Manta tow survey- is the observation of an underwear area of good visibility by a snorkeler who being pulled by a small boat. Coral reef ecology Types of reefs- Patch reef, Bank reef, Barrier reef, Fringing reef, Shelf edge reef, atoll reef, Reef zones- Back reef, Reef crest, Reef flat, Breaker zone, Fore Reef, Lower fore reef, Algal ridge. Survey tools- manta tow, snorkel survey, point intercept Sediment analysis- Obj. Determine size of particle, Classify the soil, Proportion of the soil mass, Prtcle size distribution. Apparatus- Set of sieve, Mechanical shaker, Digital Weighing scale, brush, containers. 1. Dry the sample 1wk air dry 24hrs oven 2. Weight min. 100g per dried sample 3. Wash sieve before test and tack orderly 4. Pour the sample into stack of sieve Put in the shaker and set a time to 10-15miin. And start to shake. 5. Stop then measure each retained soil in respective sieve. Percent retained=10x Wt. of soil retained on sieve/ Total sample weight. 4mm- P, 2mm G, 1mm- VCS, 500um- CS, 250um- MS, 180um- FS, 63um- VFS, Pan-silt