Folk Arts and Music in Southeast Asia PDF

FOLK MUSIC AND ARTS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA  FOLK ARTS It refer to arts that are traditional and have been around for many years, even for centuries. The manner of creation and performance of most of these arts are passed down from generation to genera...

FOLK MUSIC AND ARTS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA  FOLK ARTS It refer to arts that are traditional and have been around for many years, even for centuries. The manner of creation and performance of most of these arts are passed down from generation to generation through oral traditions. Folk arts include folk music, folk dances, traditional festivals, theater arts, and visual arts FOLK MUSIC OF SOUTHEAST ASIA TRADITIONAL MUSIC IN THE PHILIPPINES  PAKIUSAP It is a film produced in the Philippines before the World War II. It is one of the few surviving pre-war Filipino movies “Pakiusap – Rudy Concepcion – 1940 Filipino Kundiman.  VOCAL MUSIC SACRED MUSIC It is a type of music that is religious in nature or with a religious purpose. Some forms of sacred music trace their roots to organized forms of worship. There are two types of Sacred Music ( Liturgical and Devotional )  WHAT IS LITURGICAL MUSIC? It refers to music that is used during the holy mass and in other forms of Non-Eucharistic liturgies such as vespers, lauds and Bible –based texts. It is based on the text of the Mass that is mostly on the “ordinary prayers” namely… Kyrie – Lord Have Mercy Glorias – Glory to God Credo – Creed Sanctus – Holy, Holy Agnus Dei – Lamb of God  WHAT IS DEVOTIONAL MUSIC? It refers to music that expresses respect and devotion to God outside of a liturgical setting. Music heard in religious activities.  MASS It is a highly religious gathering, involves vocal music in its services. The liturgy of the Eucharist is done in accordance with the traditional Latin rites, which introduced by the Spaniards in 16th century.  PASTORES Also called as ESTUDIANTINAS A group of usually 12 girls/boys headed by a capitana (lady captain). Dressed up in colorful costumes, who travel from house to house during Christmas time singing for alms. Popularly known as “pamamasko”or “karoling”  MORO-MORO/KOMEDYA A play depicting the battles between Christians and Moros Muslims are popularly known with the Moros as the perpetual villains who always lost to the Christians in the end. Performed in light mood.  PABASA NG PASYON A communal performance of a long narrative poem on the life of Christ which is sung during Lenten season. It lasts for 12 hours. It is a vow made to God or to Virgin Mary or to a patron saint. Locally known as “Panata”.  SALUBONG A procession of the veiled Mater Dolorosa (Sorrowful Mary) and the Risen Christ, accompanied by a choral singing of the “Stabat Mater” or by a brass band. The meeting of two is dramatized.  SENAKULO A Lenten play that shows event from the Old and New Testaments that pertains to the life, suffering and death of Jesus Christ.  VOCAL MUSIC SECULAR MUSIC A type of song that is non-religious in nature. This song is primarily for entertainment. It can also be used as a work song or a song for a particular celebration  What are the characteristics of Folk Songs? Their melody is easily remembered. They are syllabically set in as stanza text. They are strophic form ( only one melody in one stanza) They use major and minor scales. They use triple and duple meter. They are usually accompanied by guitar. MAGTANIM AY DI BIRO  HARANA A local serenade. A male singing courtship song in front of the window of a female he goes to get acquainted with or to show his affection.  There are four stages of Harana Panawagan – the man calls out the woman. Pagtatapat – the proposal of man’s love. Panagutan – the woman expresses her response Pamaalam – the man leaves her with a song.  BALITAW A type of song in 3 4 time signature. It expresses love verses for both man and woman. The balitaw can also be danced. It has a rhythmic pattern in the bass  KUMINTANG It is known as war song and dance. A dance of man and woman in Batangas. It is also performed by a man and a woman who exchange musical phrases that concern love and courtship. While the exchange of music is going on, dancers and members of the audience would pass around a glass of lambanog, a Filipino native wine made from coconut sap.  KUNDIMAN The most typical love song of the Filipinos. It is a union of text and melody expresses unrequited love, but ends with hope. One of the ancient airs of the Philippines. The word Kundiman taken from the contraction of the phrase “kung hindi man”which means “if not needed”. A traditional means of serenade in the Philippines. FRANCISCO SANTIAGO – the father of Kundiman art song. INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC  RONDALLA It performs as an instrumental group to accompany a dance or a singing performance. The group comprises different stringed guitar-like instruments, namely, the bandurria, the octavina, the laud, the guitar, and the contrabass. The ensemble also has several percussion instruments that add color to the pieces being played. The word Rondalla came from the Spanish word “Ronda”meaning “serenade”. KISS ME KISS ME RONDALLA  BRASS BAND Brass Band in the Philippines is more often a combination of brass, percussion, and woodwind instruments. The performers wear colorful costumes and are led by a group of girls as majorettes in street parades. These are the marching bands that you see in the streets during fiestas and other forms of festivities in the Philippines. Brass Band Video  MUSIKO BUMBONG It is also called the bamboo music, plays piccolos, tubas, clarinets, flutes and saxophones that are crafted from the bamboo. Musiko Bumbong – a group that achieved prominence by using improvised native instruments. In 1898 - the first bamboo band was formed in the Philippines. It was a time of ferment and revolution. It was performed in Katipunan revolutionary organization.  BAMBOO ORGAN The Las Piňas Bamboo Organ is a 19th century church organ with unique organ pipes. It is considered as a National Cultural Treasure by the National Museum of the Philippines. LAS PIŃAS BAMBOO ORGAN  ANGKLUNG ENSEMBLE A popular bamboo musical instrument that originated from Indonesia. Can be played by shaking it. Made up of two to four bamboo tubes attached to a bamboo frame. It is part of a bamboo xylophone orchestra.  PANGKAT KAWAYAN “Pangkat Kawayan” ( Bamboo Band ) Founded by Maestro Victor Salcedo on Sept. 06, 1966 The Singing Bamboos of the Philippines. A unique orchestra that draws music from unconventional bamboo instruments. A group consisting of grade school children playing various types of instruments made up of bamboo such as flutes, marimba, clappers, angklung and bumbong. PANGKAT KAWAYAN  Pangkat Kawayan is made up of six kinds of bamboo instruments. Bumbong – bamboo tubes Talungating – bamboo marimba ( African Xylophone ) Tipangklung – bamboo piano Tulali – bamboo flute Kalatok – bamboo knockers TRADITIONAL MUSIC IN INDONESIA  Indonesia has a rich culture that is greatly influenced by religion. The dance dramas of Java and Bali are taken from Hindu mythology and epics such as the Ramayana and Mahabharata. These dance dramas are accompanied by a musical ensemble called the gamelan.  What is Gamelan Music? It is an ensemble composed of several Indonesian indigenous instruments, mostly of different types of knobbed gongs. Gamelan is a Javanese word that literally means “orchestra.” A gamelan may consist of 4 to 25 musicians, and it may include singers as required. Larger ensembles may be owned by the government, institutions, schools, or the wealthy. Musicians may also take possession of gamelan instruments, but these are often the smaller types  2 Types of Gamelan Music JAVANESE GAMELAN BALINESE GAMELAN It is very rhythmic and vigorous It is said to be more refined, in style. The gongs used in this mellow, soft, and connected. style sound brightly and are very Because of this, the Javanese percussive. gamelan is more traditional and is This sound gives the Balinese the style often played in palaces gamelan a more contemporary and temples. feel. Also, Balinese gamelan The Javanese gamelan is divided music produces a “shimmering into two basic styles: soft and effect,” which is produced by strong. using identical instruments that are slightly tuned apart. JAVANESE GAMELAN BALINESE GAMELAN GAMELAN INSTRUMENTS TRADITIONAL MUSIC IN THAILAND  It is predominantly a Buddhist country, with its religion influencing much of its culture, especially in its architecture, dance, and music. The music of Thailand includes folk and classical traditions, whose characteristics intertwine. Thai classical music is mostly heard in royal places through the primary musical ensemble called the piphat.  PIPHAT ENSEMBLE This ensemble does more than just produce music. The piphat is used for almost every Thai tradition, such as royal ceremonies and dances. Piphat music is also used as a form of entertainment.  THE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF PIPHAT PERCUSSION Ranat ek This is a wooden xylophone with 22 wooden slants suspended by a cord over a boat-shaped resonator. Two mallets are used to play this instrument, which are considered a principal in a piphat ensemble  THE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF PIPHAT PERCUSSION Ranat ek lek This is similar to the ranat ek as it is placed over a wood resonator. However, it uses metal slants instead of the bamboo used in ranat ek  THE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF PIPHAT PERCUSSION Ranat thum lek It is similar to the ranat ek lek, except that it has bigger metal slants. Thus, it produces a lower sound. The metal slants are placed over a wood resonator and are played by using two bamboo mallets with padded end  THE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF PIPHAT WIND Pi nai It is a reed instrument made of wood with six holes. It is considered the Thai oboe. The instrument gives that distinct Thai-oriental sound.  THE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF PIPHAT GONG Khong wong yai It is the circle of 16 bossed gongs that is easy to and in a piphat ensemble. The circular brace where the gongs are suspended is usually made of rattan. The gongs are laid out from big to small and are played using two mallets, with the instrumentalist seated at the enclosure made by the round rattan brace.  THE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF PIPHAT GONG Khong wong lek This is similar to the khong wong yai but smaller in size. It consists of 18 gongs.  THE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF PIPHAT DRUMS Ta phon It is one of the rhythm instruments of the piphat ensemble. Ta phon is placed on a stand and played by hand on both ends with the palm and fingers.  THE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF PIPHAT DRUMS Ghong khaek It is a drum made of long cylindrical hardwood, used in pairs, and has different pitches. It is played by the hands and fingers on both ends. Each drum has its own player TRADITIONAL MUSIC IN CAMBODIA  Cambodia is also known for an important monument or temple complex called Angkor Wat, which was built in the 12th century. Angkor Wat was the royal center where Khmer kings ruled. It is said that one of the musical traditions of Cambodia, the pinpeat, is etched within the walls of Angkor Wat.  PINPEAT ENSEMBLE The pinpeat is Cambodia’s primary and well-known musical ensemble. It is similar to the Thai piphat in terms of instrumentation and function. The pinpeat is used for the ceremonies of royal courts and temples  PINPEAT MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS Oneat/Roneat It is one of the basic instruments in pinpeat. It is a wooden xylophone with 20 wooden slates suspended by string over a wooden cabinet or stand, which functions as a resonator. Two mallets are used to play this instrument  PINPEAT MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS Kong vong toch This is the 16-piece gong circle of the pinpeat. Gongs of graduated sizes are arranged and placed on strings placed around a circular frame. The gong instrument is played with two mallets.  PINPEAT MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS Samphor It is a barrel-shaped drum with heads on both ends. The samphor is played using two hands playing on the drum heads. It keeps the tempo and the pulse of the music that is being played  PINPEAT MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS Skorthom It is a pair of two barrel- shaped drums played with sticks.  PINPEAT MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS Ching It is a pair of two teacup-like cymbals held by a string fastened on each cymbal. It is a shrill-sounding instrument that can be heard from afar. It is similar to the Thai ching  QUESTIONS Why do you think that the musical instruments in Southeast Asian countries are almost the same? What is the importance of studying the music of our Southeast Asian neighbors?