Fertilizer Information Project Short PDF

Project Title - Collection of organic and inorganic fertilizers Sr. No. Activity Page No. Remarks 1 Compost manure 2 Goat manure 3 Green Manure 4 Cow dung manure 5 Poultry manure 6 Vermicompost...

Project Title - Collection of organic and inorganic fertilizers Sr. No. Activity Page No. Remarks 1 Compost manure 2 Goat manure 3 Green Manure 4 Cow dung manure 5 Poultry manure 6 Vermicompost 7 Groundnut cake 8 Neem cake 9 9 Cotton cake 10 10 Nitrogen 11 Single super phosphate 12 Murate of potash  1 Compost Manure Compost is organic matter that has been decomposed and recycled as a fertilizer and soil amendment. Compost is a key ingredient in organic farming. 1. At the simplest level, the process of composting requires making a heap of wet organic matter known as green waste (leaves, food waste) and waiting for the materials to break down into humus after a period of weeks or months. 2. Modern, methodical composting is a multi-step. 3. The decomposition process is aided by shredding the plant matter, adding water and ensuring proper aeration by regularly turning the mixture. Worms and fungi further break up the material. 4. The compost itself is beneficial for the land in many ways, including as a soil conditioner, a fertilizer, addition of vital humus or humic acids, and as a natural pesticide for soil. 5. In ecosystems, compost is useful for erosion control, land and stream reclamation, wetland construction, and as landfill cover. 6. Compost is used in horticulture in a wide range. 2 Goat Manure Potentials benefits 1. Goat manure, It has less odour and is easier to work with and spread. 2. It also composts more quickly. It has 22 pounds of nitrogen in 1 ton. Uses 1. Goat manure makes an excellent soil conditioner for new gardens, as well as established gardens. 2. It improves the soil texture so it uses water more efficiently and allows more oxygen to reach the plants' roots. 3. Goat manure, like all manures, offers a low-cost, natural source of nitrogen and other nutrients. 4. Goat manure fertilizer can help gardeners produce healthier plants and crop yields. 5. Goat manure is virtually odourless and is beneficial for the soil. 3 Green Manure Green manure involves planting a crop that is meant to be incorporated into the soil to increase its fertility. 1. Green manures can be planted in the fall after the herbs have been harvested. 2. You can also plant your green manures as part of your crop rotation during the growing season. 3. It also doubles as a cover crop and helps keep the rich topsoil from being washed away. 4. If you have heavy soil, you will want to turn the green manure into the soil later in the fall so that it decomposes over the winter. It is better than working with wet, heavy soil. 5. There are two types of green manures: legumes and non-legumes. 6. Legumes are plants whose roots work with the bacteria in the soil to grab nitrogen in the atmosphere. This is called nitrogen fixating. Eg. alfalfa, clover, and soybeans. 7. Non legumes are all other green manures like ryegrass, buckwheat, and oats. 4 Cow dung manure 1. Manures are plant and animal wastes that are used as sources of plant nutrients. 2. They release nutrients after their decomposition. 3. It is improving crop productivity and production. 4. Manures with low nutrient, content per unit quantity have longer residual effect 5. Improving soil physical properties compared to fertilizer with high nutrient content. 6. Manures can also be grouped, into bulky organic manures and concentrated organic manures based on concentration of the nutrients. 5 Poultry manure 1. Poultry litter's traditional use is as fertilizer. 2. As with other manures, the fertilizing value of poultry litter is excellent, but it is less concentrated than chemical fertilizers. 3. This makes it uneconomical to ship long distances, and it tends to lose its nitrogen value fairly quickly. 3. Poultry farms are near to farmland to avoid lose its nitrogen value. 4. Poultry litter is also a source of nutrients to the crops; it contains high level of nutrients such as N, P and C. 6 Vermicompost Vermicoposting is a process in which the earthworms covert the organic waste into manure rich in high nutritional content. 1. Vermicomposting is a feasible indoor home composting method which has gained popularity in both industrial and domestic. 2. The earthworm species (or composting worms) most often used are red wigglers (Eisenia fetida or Eisenia andrei), could also be used. 3. Red wigglers are recommended by most vermin culture experts, as they have some of the best appetites and breed very quickly. 4. Vermicompost is a nutrient-rich organic fertilizer, which is easy for plants to absorb. Soil 1. Improves soil aeration 2. Enriches soil with micro-organisms 3. Microbial activity in worm castings is 10 to 20 times higher than in the soil 4. Attracts deep-burrowing earthworms already present in the soil 5. Improves water holding capacity Plant growth 1. Enhances germination, plant growth, and crop yield 2. Improves root growth and structure 3. Enriches soil with micro-organisms (adding plant hormones such as auxins and gibberellin acid) 7 Groundnut cake Being an oil seed crop, it contains 40 to 49% oil. In addition to protein, groundnuts are a good source of calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc and boron. The groundnuts also contain vitamin E and small amounts of vitamin B complex. Food value of Groundnuts Source: Groundnut is one of the world’s fifteen leading food crops and cultivated throughout the world. 1. Groundnut is a cash crop and useful rotation crop. 2. It is soil erosion resistant crop. 3. Being a legume crop it can fix atmospheric nitrogen. Thus maintains soil fertility. 4. All parts of this plant can be commercially used. 5. The plant stalks are fed to cattle in the form of green, dried and silage. 6. Groundnut shell, haulms and hay are good fodder. Groundnut cake is a good feed for livestock and it is also used as manure. 8 Neem cake Neem cake organic manure is the by-product obtained in the process of cold pressing of neem tree fruits and kernels, and the solvent extraction process for neem oil cake. Neem has demonstrated considerable potential as a fertilizer. Components: Neem cake has an adequate quantity of NPK as N(Nitrogen 2.0% to 5.0%), P(Phosphorus 0.5% to 1.0%), K(Potassium 1.0% to 2.0%), Ca (Calcium 0.5% to 3.0%), Mg(Magnesium 0.3% to 1.0%), S(Sulphur 0.2% to 3.0%), Zn(Zinc 15 ppm to 60 ppm), Cu(Copper 4 ppm to 20 ppm), Fe (Iron 500 ppm to 1200 ppm), Mn (Manganese 20 ppm to 60 ppm). Uses: 1. Neem cake organic manure protects plant roots from nematodes, soil grubs and white ants probably due to its residual limonoid content. 2. It also acts as a natural fertilizer with pesticidal properties. 3. Neem cake is widely used in India to fertilize paddy, cotton and sugarcane. 4. Neem seed cake also reduce alkalinity in soil, as it produces organic acids on decomposition. 5. It is compatible with soil microbes and rhizosphere microflora and hence ensures fertility of the soil. 6. Neem cake improves the organic matter content of the soil, helping improve soil texture, water holding capacity, and soil aeration for better root development. 9 Cotton cake 1. The cottonseed meal after being dried can be used as a dry organic fertilizer. 2. It can also be mixed with other natural fertilizers to improve its quality and use. 3. Due to its natural nutrients, cottonseed meal improves soil's texture and helps retain moisture. 4. It serves as a good source of natural fertilizers in dry areas due to its tendency of keeping the soil moist. 5. Cottonseed meal and cottonseed ashes are also sometimes used to supplement organic hydroponic solutions. 6. Cottonseed meal fertilizers can be used for roses, camellias, or vegetable gardens. 10 Nitrogen 1. The main nitrogen-based straight fertilizer is ammonia or its solutions. Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) is also widely used. 2. Urea is another popular source of nitrogen (46%), having the advantage that it is solid and non-explosive, unlike ammonia and ammonium nitrate, respectively. 3. A few percent of the nitrogen fertilizer market (46%). 4. Nitrogen fertilizers are made from ammonia (NH3), which is sometimes injected into the ground directly. 5. Single nutrient ("straight") fertilizers. 6. The main nitrogen-based straight fertilizer is ammonia or its solutions. 7. Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) is also widely used. 11 Single super phosphate 1. Single super phosphate is a highly demanded fertilizer mostly used at the time of preparation of land. 2. It comprises of 16% water soluble phosphate which is readily accepted by the crops. 3. The fertilizer effectiveness of SSP remains unquestioned. In fact, it has become a standard of comparison for other fertilizers. 4. We supply high quality Single Super Phosphate Plant, which is known cost- effective operation and increased output. 5. The three different types of superphosphate fertilizers are distinguished by the amount of phosphate in them. 6. Single superphosphate is the mildest grade, and contains between 16 and 20% phosphate. 7. Dicalcium superphosphate is the next grade, which contains anywhere from 35 to 38% phosphate. 8. The strongest version of superphosphate fertilizer is triple phosphate. Also known as concentrated superphosphate. 9. All three types of superphosphate are usually made with a naturally occurring substance called rock phosphate. Advatages- 1. All require a healthy amount of phosphorus in order to survive. 2. This nutrient is present in every cell of the plant, and is vital in maintaining the strength of the cell structure. 3. A high level of phosphorus also increases the rate of movement of water throughout the plant structure, makes leaves healthier, and helps the plant produce better and more viable seeds. 12 Murate of Potash Potash is a mixture of potassium minerals used to make potassium K. 1. Potash is important for agriculture because it improves water retention, yield, nutrient value, taste, colour, texture and disease resistance of food crops. 2. It has wide application to fruit and vegetables, rice, wheat and other grains, sugar, corn, soybeans, palm oil and cotton, all of which benefit from the nutrient’s quality- enhancing properties. 3. The world's largest consumers of potash are China, the United States, Brazil, and India. Brazil imports 90% of the potash it needs. Potash imports and exports are often reported in K2O equivalent Uses 1. Which is very much important in metabolic activities of the plant. 2. Murate of potash is readily soluble in water. On application to soil. 3. Thus, even though the fertilizer is water soluble, it is not leached during rainy season. 4. It is recommended for almost all crops and area. However, in case of solanacious crops like potato, tomato, tobacco etc.