Fundamentals of Agricultural Engineering PDF

12/11/2024 Fundamentals of Agricultural Engineering Module 1: Farm Power 1  12/11/2024 POWER Tractive Stationary Wo...

12/11/2024 Fundamentals of Agricultural Engineering Module 1: Farm Power 1  12/11/2024 POWER Tractive Stationary Work Work Land Preparation Transportatio n Threshing Milling Harvesting Cultivation Irrigation 2  12/11/2024 Main Sources of Agricultural Power Human Power Animal Power Engine power Electric Motor Water Wind Solar Biogas 3  12/11/2024 Fundamentals of Agricultural Engineering Module 2: The Farm Tractor 4  12/11/2024 Objectives of Farm Mechanization To increase productivity To make work easier and faster Farm Tractor For pulling mobiles Operating implements Importance To provide great source power Can work for an extended time 5  12/11/2024 Track Laying Heavy Wheeled Two-Wheeled Tractor Types Track Laying Tractors Heavy Wheeled Tractors General-purpose Tractors General-purpose Two-wheeled Tractors 6  12/11/2024 Tillage Preparation of the soil for planting Process of keeping it loose and free from weeds during the growth of crops Objectives and purposes 1. Prepare suitable seedbed 2. Destroy competitive weeds 3. Improve the physical condition of soil Primary Equipment used by farmers to tillage break and loosen the soil for a depth of 6 – 36 in 7  12/11/2024 CROWN BACK FURROW FURROW SLICE FURROW FURROW WALL FURROW SOLE 8  12/11/2024 MOLDBOARD PLOWS - one of the oldest agricultural implements - considered as most important tillage implement - most-used implement for primary tillage in seedbed preparation - adapted to breaking of many types of soils - well suited for turning under and covering crop residues Functions - buries trash and crop residues - aerates the soil - control weeds, insects and crop diseases - incorporates fertilizer into the soil - provides good seedbed for better germination 9  12/11/2024 Advantages - can turn furrows toward the same side of the field - gauge wheels and rear furrow wheels are automatically repositioned Disadvantages - not suited to sticky, waxy, gumbo, non-scouring soils and soils having a hardpan or pole sole - dry hard ground, rough, stony and peaty, leafy mold soils and deep plowing Special features - hydraulic reset overload device for cushioning and automatic resetting by means of hydraulic cylinders string - trip device attached provide with a beam overload protection and pulverizing action 10  12/11/2024 Disk plow - reduce the friction by making a rolling bottom instead of a bottom that would slide along the furrow Usage - sticky, waxy, gumbo, non-scouring soils and soils having a hardpan or plow sole - dry hard ground that cannot be penetrated with a moldboard plow - rough, stony and rooty ground, where the disk will ride over the rocks - peaty and leaf-mold soils where the moldboard plow will not turn slice - deep plowing Functions/Uses - primary tillage - controlling weeds - cutting up and mixing up stubble or cover crops 11  12/11/2024 Advantages Functions - can cut through crops residues - used to break through and shatter compacted or otherwise impermeable soil layers and to improve rainfall penetration - will roll over roots and other obstructions - most effective in dry soil - can be operated in non-scouring soils and Advantages using a scraper moves the soils towards the - operated at depth below the normal plowing zone same side Disadvantages Disadvantages - greater number of subsequent operations may reseed to obtain a - built with heavy frames and wheels good seedbed after chiseling Special features Special features - provided with soil cushion string in conjunction with the clamps - blades or disk plows are concave usually representing section of hollow spares CHISEL PLOW - tool with rigid curved or straight shank with relatively narrow shovel points - termed as heavy-duty deep cultivator 12  12/11/2024 ROTARY PLOW Types SUBSOILER 1. Pull Auxiliary Engine – pulled forward by - built heavier than the chisel plows tractor and cutting knives driven by - used to penetrate the soil to depths auxiliary engine; made in 4,5, and 6 ft size; from 20-36 in. requires 60-90hp 2. Pull Power-Take-Off-Driven – pulled and - required 60-85 hp to pull a single has cutting knives driven by tractor. standard ripping through, a hard soil at Usually, 3-4 ft. wide and require 10-15 hp. a depth of 3 ft. 3. Self-propelled Garden Type 13  12/11/2024 14