Factors Affecting Microbial Bioremediation & Bioaugmentation PDF

Summary

This document discusses factors affecting microbial bioremediation, including contaminant concentration, nutrient availability, temperature, oxygen concentration, moisture content, pH, metal ions, and toxic compounds. It also describes various bioaugmentation techniques, including cell, gene, rhizosphere, and phytoaugmentation.

Full Transcript

Factors affecting microbial bioremediation The controlling and optimizing of bioremediation processes is a complex system due to many factors. These factors are included here: 1. The existence of a microbial population capable of degrading the pollutants (indigenous microorganism) 2. The availab...

Factors affecting microbial bioremediation The controlling and optimizing of bioremediation processes is a complex system due to many factors. These factors are included here: 1. The existence of a microbial population capable of degrading the pollutants (indigenous microorganism) 2. The availability of contaminants to the microbial population 3. Environment factors ( Availability of nutrients, Temperature, Concentration of oxygen , Moisture content, pH, Metal ions and Toxic compounds) 1. Concentration of the contaminant (microbial substrate) Lower the concentration of the contaminants there will be decreasing rate of degrading enzymes produced by bacteria in the environment. Toxic effects are observed in presence of higher concentrations of contaminants. Higher and The decomposition rate of catabolic enzymes can be increased by the synergistic interactions between different components of the contaminants (consortium). 2. Availability of nutrients Nutrient balancing the supply of essential nutrients such as N and P can improve the biodegradation efficiency by optimizing the bacterial C: N: P ratio. The excessive presence of nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus shows a negative impact on the degradation of hydrocarbons. 3. Temperature temperature is the most important factor to determine the survival of microorganisms and composition of the hydrocarbons. Biological enzymes have an optimum temperature and will not have the same metabolic turnover for every temperature. Temperature also speed up or slow down bioremediation process because highly influence microbial physiological properties. 4. Concentration of oxygen Biological degradation is carried out in aerobic and anaerobic condition, because oxygen is a gaseous requirement for most living organisms. The presence of oxygen in most cases can enhance hydrocarbon metabolism. 5. Moisture content Microorganisms require adequate water to accomplish their growth. The soil moisture content have adverse effect in biodegradation agents. 6. pH The measurement of pH in soil could indicate the potential for microbial growth. Higher or lower pH values showed inferior results; metabolic processes are highly susceptible to even slight changes in pH. 7. Metal ions Metals are important in small amount for bacteria and fungus, but in high quantity inhibit the metabolic activity of the cells. Metal compounds have direct and indirect impact on rate of degradation. 8. Toxic compounds high concentrations of toxic contaminants, can create toxic effects to microorganisms and slow down decontamination. The degree and mechanisms of toxicity vary with specific toxicants, their concentration, and the exposed microorganisms. Bioaugmentation Microorganisms environmental areas , sustain contamination Biofertilizer) biofertilization PGPR

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