External Observation PDF
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Uploaded by mxrieen
CSJMU Kanpur, India
Ariette Acevedo Rodríguez
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Summary
This document provides information about external eye observation. It covers various eye conditions such as ptosis, lagophthalmos, and leukocoria. It includes specific points to consider during an exam and guidelines for recording findings.
Full Transcript
Ariette Acevedo Rodríguez, O.D. PPO1 ▪ By the end of this class the student is expected to: 1. ▪ Used to identify gross ocular abnormalities in the patient ▪ A penlight/transilluminator may facilitate the observation ▪ Be observant ▪ Observe for anything odd or unusual, paying special attenti...
Ariette Acevedo Rodríguez, O.D. PPO1 ▪ By the end of this class the student is expected to: 1. ▪ Used to identify gross ocular abnormalities in the patient ▪ A penlight/transilluminator may facilitate the observation ▪ Be observant ▪ Observe for anything odd or unusual, paying special attention to the face ▪ Compare your observations to your concept of normal/healthy ▪ Compare one side of the body and face to the other ▪ Observe for asymmetries ▪ Patients posture ▪ Head tilts ▪ Gaits ▪ Patients head, face, accessory ocular structures ▪ Patient’s eyes ▪ Placement of eyes in the head, the conjunctiva, cornea, iris, eyelids and lens ▪ The following terms are NOT acceptable when recordings/reporting: ▪ WNL: Within normal limits or WE NEVER LOOKED ▪ OK ▪ Good ▪ Use terms such as: ▪ Healthy ▪ Clear for cornea, vitreous, lens ▪ Adequate findings for binocular vision ▪ Describe any asymmetries you may see or anything out of the expected normal ▪ What are expected normal findings? Adequate apposition of the eyelid? Loss of lashes or eyebrows? Palpebral apertures? Pupil is black and round? Sclera is white? Open A/C? Use transilluminator. Eyelid lumps or bumps? Tattoos? Irritation, scales? Ptosis Lagophthalmos Angioedema Chalazion/Hordeolum Congenital Ptosis Facial Asymmetry Albinism ▪ Globe absence due to failure of formation of optic vesicles ▪ Associated with the absence of Extra Ocular Muscles (EOM), short conjunctival sac and microblepharon ▪ Small orbits and globes due to arrested ocular growth/development ▪ Axial length is reduced ▪ What refractive error…. ▪ Laterally displaced orbits ▪ Wide nasal bridges ▪ If needed may have surgery for correction Leukoma: White Cornea Melanoma Conjunctival Melanosis Pthisis Bulbi Conjunctival Overgrowth Anisocoria Heterochromia Iridis OS Esotropia OS Exotropia Pseudoesotropia due to epicanthal folds
