Exam #1 Study Guide (Fall 2024) PDF

Study guide for exam #1 (Fall 2024) Word bank Fact Hypothesis Test Theory Hierarchy Structural hierarchy Organism Organelle Tissue Organ Organ system Reproductive isolation (and all pre-post zygotic examples) Hybrid Polygyny Phenotype Genotype Taxo...

Study guide for exam #1 (Fall 2024) Word bank Fact Hypothesis Test Theory Hierarchy Structural hierarchy Organism Organelle Tissue Organ Organ system Reproductive isolation (and all pre-post zygotic examples) Hybrid Polygyny Phenotype Genotype Taxonomy Phylogenetics Binomial nomenclature Genus Species Ring species Zygote Haploid Diploid BSC/MSC/PSC Ring species Zygote Cloaca Copulation Sexual dimorphism Polymorph Biphasic Taxa/Taxon Extant/Extinct “female choice” Feathers Crop Gizzard Hollow bones Iridescence Abiotic & biotic factors Interspecific & intraspecific interactions Mating display Courtship Feathers Keratin Thermoregulation/insulation Ornithologist Tidal vs unidirectional breathing Syrinx Tetrapod Ancestor Phylogeny Common ancestor Descendant Synapomorphy Homologous traits Monophyletic clade Convergent (analogous) traits Paraphyletic group Polyphyletic group Vertebrates Tetrapods Mammals Amniotes Important concepts, biological groups, and processes Explain scientific inquiry used by organismal biologists to understand the world around us Examples of scientific methods used by organismal biologists Using the scientific method to propose a hypothesis and test and present the predicted results graphically Central roles of reproduction, feeding/mobility, body maintenance, and development Structural organization of organisms, with examples of important tissues, organs, and organ systems of animals Basic nomenclatural practices in the taxonomy of organisms Why binomial nomenclature is useful for classifying nature and efficient for scientific communication Similarities between the taxonomic hierarchy and the hierarchical nature of phylogenetic clades Species concepts and practical complications in applying them Different ways in which species are reproductively isolated Relationships between monophyletic clades, homologous traits, synapomorphies, and convergent traits Examples of some synapomorphies and clades discussed in lecture (e.g. mammals, tetrapods, amniotes)