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This document contains a set of biology questions focusing on the human respiratory system, diseases such as COPD and emphysema, and the relationship between smoking and atherosclerosis. The questions assess understanding of biological processes and concepts.
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ROCK: Q1. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease in the UK. Figure 3 shows the number of people, per 100,000 population, diagnosed with COPD from 2004 to 2012 in the UK. Calculate the percentage increase in the number of people diagnosed with COPD, per 100,000 population...
ROCK: Q1. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease in the UK. Figure 3 shows the number of people, per 100,000 population, diagnosed with COPD from 2004 to 2012 in the UK. Calculate the percentage increase in the number of people diagnosed with COPD, per 100,000 population, from 2004 to 2012. Use the information in Figure 3. (4) Show your working. percentage increase =........................................................... % (Total for question = 4 marks) Q2. The lungs are organs in the human respiratory system. Emphysema is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) of the lungs. Describe how damage to the alveoli in the lungs leads to emphysema......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (Total for question = 4 marks) Q3. The lungs are part of the respiratory system. Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli in the lungs. Describe the structure of the walls of the alveoli. (2).................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (Total for question = 2 marks) Q4. Smoking is a risk factor for the development of the disease atherosclerosis. Damage to the artery wall may lead to atherosclerosis. Figure 6 shows a part of a normal human artery and a part of an artery with atherosclerosis. Figure 6 Discuss how smoking is a risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. (6)...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (Total for question = 6 marks) Q5. The lungs are organs in the human respiratory system. Goblet cells are specialised to help protect the lungs. Explain how goblet cells protect the lungs..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (Total for question = 2 marks) Q6. Figure 3 shows ciliated epithelial cells and goblet cells found in the lungs. Explain how the ciliated epithelial cells and goblet cells protect the lungs. (4)........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ (Total for question = 4 marks) Q7. The diagrams show two types of epithelial tissue found in the lungs: squamous and columnar. Explain how the structure of the squamous and columnar epithelial tissue supports their function in the lungs. (Total for question = 6 marks)......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (Total for question = 6 marks) Q8. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease in the UK. Figure 4a shows a photomicrograph of alveoli from a healthy person. Figure 4b shows a photomicrograph of alveoli from a person with COPD. COPD reduces the efficiency of gas exchange in the lungs. Explain why. (4)........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ (Total for question = 4 marks) Q9. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease in the UK. Give one cause of COPD. (1)............................................................................................................................................. (Total for question = 1 mark) Q10. Figure 1 shows a photomicrograph of a ciliated epithelial cell. (i) Name one structure in the human body that is lined with ciliated epithelial cells. (1)............................................................................................................................................. (ii) State the function of cilia. (2).................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (Total for question = 3 marks) Mark Scheme Q1. Q2. Q3. Q4. Q5. Q6. Q7. Q8. Q9. Q10.
