Exam 4 Review PDF

Exam 4 Review Brain Anatomy and Nervous Tissue 1. Identify the gross anatomy of the external brain (i.e., each lobe and the important sulci/gyri). Be able to do so on a cadaver brain, brain model and brain image. a. What are their functions? 2. Identify the internal gross anato...

Exam 4 Review Brain Anatomy and Nervous Tissue 1. Identify the gross anatomy of the external brain (i.e., each lobe and the important sulci/gyri). Be able to do so on a cadaver brain, brain model and brain image. a. What are their functions? 2. Identify the internal gross anatomy of the brain (e.g., thalamus, hypothalamus, corpus callosum, etc.). Be able to do so on a cadaver brain, brain model and brain image. a. What are their functions? 3. What are the components that make up the brainstem? 4. Name all 3 meningeal layers. Where are they located in relation to the brain and skull? a. Name the space between the dura mater and skull b. Name the space between the dura mater and subarachnoid space 5. What factors determine how fast an axon can conduct action potentials? 6. What are the divisions of the nervous system? Name them all. a. Differentiate between a sensory and motor neuron. 7. Name the functions of each glial cell 8. Given an axon, identify the major microanatomical structures (e.g., soma, dendrites, myelin, etc.) a. What are the names of the myelin cells in the CNS vs PNS? 9. What are the components of the diencephalon? 10. What is the protective barrier that selectively allows substances into the brain, like: alcohol, drugs, caffeine, anesthesia. Spinal Cord and Reflexes 1. What is the name of reflexes you are born with? 2. Identify the major anatomical structures of a nerve. Be able to identify them in an image. 3. Given a cross-section of a spinal cord, identify the major anatomical structures (e.g., gray matter, white matter, ventral horn, etc.) 4. Be able to identify the nerve plexus that innervates each major area of the body a. Head, neck, shoulder, legs, arms, thorax. Cranial Nerves and Special Senses 1. For each cranial nerve, know the name, number, where it innervates and what they control/sense. 2. What is the diagnosis for inflammation of the middle ear? 3. When a person is color blind, what happens to the cell populations of the retina? Hint: there are 2 specific cells that are impacted here. 4. Identify the extrinsic muscles that control the eye 5. Identify the anatomy of the pinna and inner ear structures a. Where is earwax made? What is the scientific name for this wax? 6. How does the virus causing shingles enter the body? What happens when it reactivates? a. Give some symptoms that are associated with shingles diagnoses 7. Identify the gross anatomy of the eye on the external and internal aspects. What does each part do? 8. What cell types are found in the retina? What is their function? 9. Name the diagnosis that explains elevated inner eye pressure that could cause blindness. 10. What structure converts chemicals in the saliva to signals that we perceive as taste? 11. What is the diagnosis for inflammation in the middle ear? What about inflammation of the external auditory canal? 12. What structure is important for reception of sound for our sense of hearing?