Summary

This document reviews various historical and cultural topics, including Mayan temples, Iroquois settlements, pagodas, the Great Wall of China, and effigy mounds. It provides descriptions and explanations about each topic.

Full Transcript

# Roof combs of Mayan Temples Explained Roof combs often were carved or painted with zoomorphic motifs or anthropomorphic motifs as well as texts. These carvings announced the attributes of the tomb's occupant. These temples serve as funerary monuments for late rulers, and the combs are adorned wit...

# Roof combs of Mayan Temples Explained Roof combs often were carved or painted with zoomorphic motifs or anthropomorphic motifs as well as texts. These carvings announced the attributes of the tomb's occupant. These temples serve as funerary monuments for late rulers, and the combs are adorned with intricate and commemorative mosaic portraits. # Social structure of the Iroquois settlement Explained 1. matrilineal 2. clan organized 3. longhouse built onto as family expands; village expands into extended clan as more families extend 4. men in charge of forests and lakes 5. women in charge of villages and gardens - women prayed to the "three sisters" spirits of corn, beans, and squash 6. men offered prayers and choice tobacco to the forest spirits who in turn let them clear the woods for houses and fields. 7. Iroquois towns stayed in one place as long as tillable soil, roofing bark, firewood and stands of saplings for longhouse additions and stockades held out. About 20 years. Then they were abandoned, and new houses built a few hundred yards away. ## Plan and Interior elevation: # The Pagoda Explained Buddhist temple complexes had a hall for venerating the Buddha and a separate pagoda erected over relics symbolic to the Buddha. The form of the pagoda was probably inspired by the parasol-like finials of northern Indian stupas. Pagodas are multi-storied, and always an odd number of stories, 5, 7, 9, etc. ## Bracket sets # Great Wall Explained - The Great Wall - begun in 221 BCE continued into the Ming dynasty (1368-1644 CE) - Built to keep out the nomadic Mongols from the hilly north from the agricultural lands of China. - It's several sections of wall, not one long wall. - Started as rammed earth wall under Qin dynasty, under Ming dynasty brick and stone. - Wall varies from 19 feet high to 40 feet high with an average width at the top 16 feet. - North facing wall is capped with battlements; watch towers at regular intervals; fires lit to warn of advancing enemy. # Effigy Mounds Explained - The construction of effigy mounds was a regional cultural phenomenon, concentrated in Iowa and Wisconsin, but also found in the Tennessee and Ohio River Valleys. - Mounds of earth in the shapes of birds, bear, deer, bison, lynx, turtle, panther or water spirit are the most common images. - The Effigy Moundbuilders also built linear or long rectangular mounds that were used for ceremonial purposes that remain a mystery. - Some archeologists believe they were built to mark celestial events or seasonal observances. Others speculate they were constructed as territorial markers or as boundaries between groups.

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