Exam 3 Objectives PDF

Chapter 5 1. Describe the importance of good communication skills. - Communication is the process of conveying feelings, attitudes, facts, beliefs, and ideas between individuals, either verbally or nonverbally in such a way that the message intended is received...

Chapter 5 1. Describe the importance of good communication skills. - Communication is the process of conveying feelings, attitudes, facts, beliefs, and ideas between individuals, either verbally or nonverbally in such a way that the message intended is received. - Perhaps the most important factor in determining the kinds of relationships we have with others. - Communication is the way relationships are created, maintained, and destroyed. 2. Summarize the challenges of communication. - Effective communication is not just an event, but a process – a process that requires the cooperation and understanding of both parties. - Some people think that communication is really the sending and receiving of messages, because both elements must be present for communication to take place. They expect their listeners to act in accordance with the intentions of their message, and they are often bewildered, hurt, or angry when their listeners do not do so. - An additional factor is the use of technology that promises instant access to everyone and everything, along with real-time response. 3. Identify the steps in the communication process. - The steps of the communication process are the dea or message, encoding, transmission, receiving, decoding, understanding, and feedback. - There is always a sender of the message, a receiver of the message, and the content of the message. 4. Apply nonverbal communication skills. - A large percentage of our communication is by nonverbal means. This can include facial expressions and eye contact, vocal cues, gestures and other body movements, touching, personal space and distance, physical environment and territory, clothing and personal appearance, and silence. 5. Describe how other cultures communicate. - Language, nonverbal communication, communication styles, attitudes, and formality. 6. Identify steps to improve verbal and non-verbal communication skills. - Speak with enthusiasm, enunciate, use inflection, avoid antagonistic words, use short, simple sentences, adjust the volume of your voice to the situation, adjust your speaking rate to the situation, and keep the door open for feedback. 7. Describe the gender differences in communication.  - Women are better at interpreting nonverbal cues while listening, men generally do most of the talking in mixed-gender groups, women are more willing to ask for help than men, men are more likely to interrupt more often, women are more likely to initiate confrontations in relationships than men, men are less likely to be verbally expressive. - Men often talk about sports, money, facts, business, and events, while doing something else, and often without looking at each other. - Women talk about feelings, relationships, and people face to face, sitting down. 8. Identify the steps involved in developing good listening skills. - Listening is a form of paying attention, which is an active process involving much more than hearing and seeing. - Four levels of listening: ignoring, pretending, selective listening, and attentive listening. - Improve your listening skills: be receptive and attentive, allow the speaker to speak freely (limit your lip), focus on the speaker and ignore distractions, avoid preoccupation with you own thoughts and what you want to say next, use verbal following or minimal encouragers (mm-hmm, nods, or repeating one or two of the speaker’s words), avoid all judgments initially, try to listen for more than just the spoken words, use feedback and reflect on what the speaker said. 9. Describe the positive and negative effects of technology and communication. - Constant connection drives our brain chemistry to be in a constant state of high alert which disrupts our work, our interactions, and our all-important night’s sleep. Our brains aren’t built for multitasking, and stress and anxiety can be prevalent if we let our technology control our life. - Digital connectivity offers many potential benefits, from connecting with peers to accessing educational content, but we need to be careful not to abuse and overuse it. 10. Describe how to use constructive feedback. - Emphasize behavior rather than personalities, refrain from using “you” messages, focus on actual observations rather than judgments, don’t offer critical feedback when angry or upset, and concentrate on sharing ideas rather than on giving advice. 11. Describe active listening. - In active listening, the receiver tries to see the expressed idea, attitude, or problem from the other person’s, the sender’s, point of view, to sense how it feels to be the sender, and to achieve the sender’s frame of reference in regard to the thing they are talking about.  -This really means to listen with the whole body and to pay careful attention to the person who is talking. - Listening must focus on the whole person, not just on what the sender is saying. This has been referred to as listening with the third ear. - Develop a posture of involvement and use door openers. 12. Describe the different styles of responding. - Evaluation or judging: shows that the receiver is making a judgment about the motive, personality, or reasoning of the sender. The evaluation indicates the sender’s statement is either “right” or “wrong.” - Criticizing: Often part of the evaluating or judging response, it is also a commonly used and even misunderstood response pattern. Constructive feedback can sometimes be perceived as criticism. Criticism that is sought and welcomed is different from unexpected critique. Listen, analyze, decide what to do, and practice. - Advising: responding to others by offering a solution. Advising is criticism that is sought and welcomed. Sometimes it is helpful, and sometimes it is not. - Interpretative: the receiver tries to convey understanding of the sender’s problem or issue by offering the alternative wordings. Supportive: show’s the receiver’s intent to reassure, or comfort the intense feelings of the sender. - Questioning: indicates that the receiver is interested and needs to know more to respond effectively. Closed questions and open questions. Chapter 6 1. Describe the different aspects of love, marriage, and relationships. - Types of love, benefits, and challenges. - Romantic love, platonic love, and familial love. - Strong relationships have many benefits, including health, well-being, security, comfort, etc. - Challenges: communication problems, inflexibility, lack of trust, respect problems, sexuality and intimacy problems, and personal problems. 2. Summarize how relationships develop. - Relationships evolve, they do not just happen. They take time and effort. - The three steps involved in a relationship are: Becoming aware of the other person – first impression, making contact or getting acquainted, and disclosure 3. Identify the role friends play in an individual’s life.  - Friends play a significant role in our lives. They provide us with emotional support and social ties. - They provide us with a feeling of belonging and a feeling that we are part of a group. - They help us find out who we are. - Without friends we experience loneliness. 4. Identify the factors present between people that allow friendships to develop. - Relationships rely on mutual interactions. - The 13 essential friendship traits. - Loyalty, faith, trust, belief, honesty, respect, and the willingness to accept them for who they are. - Communication, mutual support, shared interests, respect for differences. - There are certain personal characteristics that are essential to cultivate in order to build healthy, lasting friendships. 5. Describe ways to make good friends. - We are drawn to people who are similar to us. - Similar attitudes and beliefs are the most important aspects of a relationship in order to keep a relationship together for a long time. - In order to find friends, you must go to those places (proximity) where you will find other people who have similar interests and needs. - According to evolutionary biologists, dependence on others for survival made our friendships stronger. - Friendfluence - the way friendships influence us. 6. Describe the qualities of a friend. - Traits of integrity, traits of caring, traits of congeniality. - The best friends off a generous helping of all 13 essential friendship traits. - Unconditional acceptance. - The 13 essential friendship traits are: trust, honesty, dependable, caring, loyal, able to trust others, empathy, non-judgmental, good listener, supportive of others in good times and bad, self-confident, humorous, fun to be around. 7. Define love, including its various forms. - Love exists when the satisfaction, security, and development of another person is as important to you as your own satisfaction, security, and development. - The triangular model/theory of love is a theory of love developed by psychologist Robert Sternberg.  - In the context of interpersonal relationships, “the three components of love, according to the triangular theory, are an intimacy component, a passion component, and a decision/commitment component.” - The three components are intimacy, passion, and commitment. - Romantic love includes both intimacy and passion, compassionate love includes passion and commitment, and consummate love includes all three components. 8. Describe the importance of commitment in a relationship. - Commitment is a foundation for trust, love, and mutual respect in a relationship. - Making each other a priority, being honest, communicating, making decisions together, showing support, and acknowledging change. 9. Summarize what is meant by "personal expectations" of marriage. - Role expectations, marriage, career, and parenthood. - The expectation that marriage will meet your needs, changs you for the better, physical and emotional connection, etc. 10. Describe the common difficulties in marriage. - Family and domestic violence, communication problems, codependence, jealousy, ang growing apart. - Jealousy the green eyed monster. - Most couples argue about a lot of things: sex, money, children, power, roles, and responsibilities, jealousy, or extra-marital affairs. - Toxic relationships survive on drama, and as the drama ramps up to keep the relationship going, we become dependent on that drama, or even addicted to it.