Exam 2 Practice PDF

**Phase of Drug Distribution** 1. What primarily influences the phase of drug distribution?\ A) Drug metabolism\ **B) Blood flow to tissues**\ C) Drug elimination\ D) Drug formulation **Drug Protein Binding** 2. Drug protein binding affects distribution by:\ A) Increasing dr...

**Phase of Drug Distribution** 1. What primarily influences the phase of drug distribution?\ A) Drug metabolism\ **B) Blood flow to tissues**\ C) Drug elimination\ D) Drug formulation **Drug Protein Binding** 2. Drug protein binding affects distribution by:\ A) Increasing drug solubility\ **B) Reducing the amount of free drug available**\ C) Enhancing drug efficacy\ D) Accelerating drug metabolism **Loading vs. Maintenance Doses** 3. A loading dose is typically used to:\ A) Maintain therapeutic levels over time\ **B) Achieve therapeutic levels quickly**\ C) Reduce side effects\ D) Increase drug metabolism 4. What is the primary purpose of a maintenance dose in pharmacotherapy?**\ **A) To achieve the desired therapeutic effect quickly\ **B) To maintain drug concentrations within the therapeutic range**\ C) To eliminate the drug from the body faster\ D) To assess the drug\'s side effects over time **Plasma Drug Level** 5. The plasma drug level refers to:\ A) The amount of drug absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract\ **B) The concentration of drug in the bloodstream**\ C) The total dosage administered\ D) The rate of drug excretion **Time Course of Drug Response** 6. The time course of a drug response is influenced by:\ A) Drug binding affinity\ B) Dosage frequency\ C) Drug metabolism rate\ **D) All of the above** **Pharmacodynamics** 7. Pharmacodynamics primarily studies:\ **A) The effects of drugs on the body**\ B) The absorption of drugs\ C) The distribution of drugs\ D) The elimination of drugs **Efficacy** 8. Efficacy refers to:\ A) The safety of a drug\ **B) The maximum effect achievable by a drug\ **C) The speed of drug action\ D) The concentration of drug required to produce a response **Drug Dose-Response Relationship** 9. The drug dose-response relationship describes:\ A) How quickly a drug is eliminated\ **B) The relationship between drug dose and its therapeutic effect\ **C) The absorption rate of a drug\ D) The side effects of a drug **Agonist vs. Antagonist** 10. An agonist is defined as:\ A) A drug that blocks receptor activity\ **B) A drug that enhances receptor activity**\ C) A drug that has no effect on receptors\ D) A drug that causes side effects **Drug Affinity and Receptors** 11. The affinity of a drug for its receptor indicates:\ A) How quickly the drug is metabolized\ **B) The strength of the binding interaction**\ C) The drug\'s side effects\ D) The drug\'s therapeutic index **Therapeutic Index** 12. The therapeutic index is:\ **A) The ratio of toxic to therapeutic doses**\ B) A measure of drug metabolism\ C) The amount of drug required for efficacy\ D) A measure of drug distribution **Drug Metabolism in the Liver** 13. The primary site of drug metabolism in the body is:\ A) Kidneys\ B) Lungs\ **C) Liver**\ D) Intestines **Therapeutic Outcome of Drug Metabolism** 14. Effective drug metabolism generally results in:\ A) Increased toxicity\ B) Decreased bioavailability\ C) Enhanced drug efficacy\ **D) Increased drug excretion** **Factors Influencing Drug Metabolism** 15. Which of the following can influence drug metabolism?\ A) Age\ B) Genetic factors\ C) Drug interactions\ **D) All of the above** **Drug Excretion Concepts** 16. Drug excretion primarily occurs through:\ A) Sweat glands\ **B) Urine and bile\ **C) Breath\ D) Saliva **Peak and Trough Concentration** 17. Peak concentration refers to:\ A) The lowest concentration of drug in the bloodstream\ **B) The highest concentration of drug in the bloodstream**\ C) The average concentration of drug over time\ D) The concentration of drug at the site of action **Pharmacokinetic Changes in Older Adults** 18. In older adults, pharmacokinetic changes may include:\ A) Increased absorption rates\ **B) Decreased hepatic metabolism**\ C) Enhanced renal function\ D) None of the above **Adverse Drug Reactions in Older Adults** 19. Common causes of adverse drug reactions in older adults include:\ A) Polypharmacy\ B) Dehydration\ C) Age-related physiological changes\ **D) All of the above** **Beers List Purpose** 20. The Beers List is designed to:\ A) Identify effective medications for older adults\ **B) List potentially inappropriate medications for older adults**\ C) Provide guidelines for drug interactions\ D) Outline the pharmacokinetics of drugs **Non-Adherence Factors in Older Adults** 21. Factors contributing to non-adherence in older adults may include:\ A) Complex dosing regimens\ B) Cognitive impairment\ C) Financial constraints\ **D) All of the above** **Promoting Adherence in Older Adults** 22. Measures to promote adherence with drug treatment plans in older adults include: A) Simplifying dosing schedules\ B) Educating about medication benefits\ C) Regular follow-ups\ **D) All of the above** **Drug Antagonist:** 23. Which statement accurately describes the action of a drug antagonist?