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PLUMBING Building Code of Manila - The art and technique of installing pipes, - first recognized plumbing code of the fixtures, and other apparatuses in buildings archipelago is based on the Plumbing...

PLUMBING Building Code of Manila - The art and technique of installing pipes, - first recognized plumbing code of the fixtures, and other apparatuses in buildings archipelago is based on the Plumbing Code of for bringing in the supply liquids, substances the United States and/or ingredients and removing them; and 1935 such water - NAMPAP was organized - registered to Securities and Exchange PLUMBING SYSTEM Commission. - includes all potable water supply and - “The Plumbing Code for the City of Manila” distribution pipes, all plumbing fixtures and was created traps; all sanitary and storm drainage 1954 systems - Third Congress of the Philippines approved 1. The water supply and water distribution system HB 962 which in turn became R.A. 1378 2. The plumbing fixtures June 18, 1955 3. The drainage system - Plumbing Law of the Philippines was signed by President Ramon Magsaysay. PLUMBER January 28, 1959 - who works or engages on the business of - National Plumbing Code of the Philippines installing in buildings the pipes fixtures and was promulgated and approved by other apparatus Malacanang. 1. Apprentice Plumber – a beginner at the trade NAWASA who usually serves for 3-5 years as helper to a - (National Waterworks and Sewerage journeyman. System) was established 2. Journeyman Plumber - has serves his 1966-1969 apprenticeship and is competent to perform the - Curriculum for Plumbing Engineering was tasks of installing and repairing plumbing. approved by DepEd and was introduced by 3. Master Plumber – a person technically and FEATI legally qualified and licensed to practice the Before 1972 profession of master plumbing without - the Building Code of the Philippines was limitation in accordance with RA 1378, having passed with the National Plumbing Code of passed the examinations conducted by the PRC, 1959 as the referral code in full text has received a certificate of registration from the 1996 board of master plumbing and possesses the - updating of the National Plumbing Code current license to practice. Jaime Cabase - NAMPAP president PLUMBING CODE RA 6541 - The basic goal of the National Plumbing - Building Code of the Philippines Code of the Philippines is to ensure the October 1999 qualified observance of the latest provision of - submitted the Draft Code to the Board of the plumbing and environmental laws. Master Plumbers HISTORY OF PLUMBING IN THE PHILIPPINES December 21, 1999 - adopted the Revised Plumbing Code of 1999 17th Century CE Intramuros - was approved by President Joseph Ejercito - Plumbing in the Philippine Archipelago Estrada began during the Spanish Colonial Era - chaired by Hon. Hermogenes Pobre 18th to 19th Century CE BOARD OF MASTER PLUMBERS IN THE - Filipino plumbers were allowed by the PHILIPPINES Spaniards to maintain, repair, and remodel - BOMP Col. Pedrito D. Camilet Jr. plumbing systems on all towns. - BOMP Reynal B. Ilagan Illustrados - BOMP Jaime Jajay E. Cruz - Hired by Recognized plumbers to act as consultants of plumber journeymen on matters pertaining to plumbing installations PLUMBING TOOLS in villas and mansions. 20th century CE SHOVELS - plumbing took a great leap with the arrival - D Handled Round Pointed Shovel of the American soldiers, engineers, - D Handled Square Pointed Shovel Thomasite teachers, doctors and evangelists. - D Handled Square Pointed Shovel Governor General Francis Burton Harrison - Long Handled Square Pointed Shovel - issued a letter of proper waste disposal in all - Spade Shovel municipalities. - Trenching Shovel 1902 - Grain Shovel - Plumbing Trade was duly recognized in the - Snow Shovel City of Manila - Garden Trowel Master Plumber John F. Hass - first Chief of the Division of Plumbing Construction and Inspection  WRENCH BASIN WRENCH - ENGLISH TERM: Spanner - It has a swiveling jaw that enable to reach into - A hand tool made for tightening or loosening places not easily accessible with bolts or anything that needs to turn. conventional wrenches. PIPE WRENCH PACKING NUT WRENCH - A hand tool having one jaw movable and - Hexagonal on both ends and hollow core to other relatively fixed, two parallel jaws is fit over faucet stem handles. opened or closed when placed on a pipe and BASKET STRAINER WRENCH rotated in one direction. - Used to tighten the nut that secures the basket END PIPE WRENCH to sink. - A tool fast easy grip used on constricted CHAIN WRENCH spaces or closed to a wall - A type of wrench having a sprocket chain that STILLSON WRENCH is slipped a round pipe and then attached to - A variation of pipe wrench with a swiveling the wrench handle. seriated jaw and knurled control knob located between the frame forming the head and CUTTER handle of the wrench. - A hand tool for cutting or tubing; one end of RAP WRENCH the tool, which partially encircles the pipe - A variation of pipe wrench that has deeper carries one or more sharp wheels, the cutting and broader jaw housing. It maybe edge of the wheels is forced against the pipe occasionally used as hammer. by a screw on the other end of the tool. COMPOUND LEVERAGE WRENCH TYPES OF CUTTER - A unique pipe wrench in which turning force - WHEEL PIPE CUTTER applied is multiplied. Ideal for freeing locked - WIDE ROLL PIPE CUTTER couplings and joints frozen by age or damage. - HINGED PIPE CUTTER OFFSET PIPE WRENCH - RACHET CUTTER - A unique type featuring a jaw opening - MINI TUBE CUTTER parallel to the handle and a narrower hook - SOIL PIPE CUTTER jaw provides easy entry into tight spaces. - PLASTIC PIPE CUTTER ADJUSTABLE WRENCH - Having one jaw fixed and the other adjustable; set to a desired size or opening by FLARING TOOLS means of knurled. - A tool used to make water tight joints MONKEY WRENCH between flexible copper tubing and fitting or - A tool which resembles a pipe wrench, except valve. for its smooth jaws. Used to hold or turn a - The end of the tubing is slipped into yoke and hardware having flat surfaces such as nuts a countersunk compressor screw is slowly and drain fittings. tightened forming a bell-shaped tube end. STRAP WRENCH TYPES OF FLARING TOOLS - Used for any polished pipes particularly - HAMMER TYPE plastic or synthetic. It has a nylon strap which - YOKE and SCREW TYPE gives tight grip. TORQUE WRENCH - Used in no hub soil pipe installation. It is THREADER used to ensure tight, leak free joints. - Also called Pipe Die. It is used for cutting HEX WRENCH external threads in pipe ends; used in - A wrench with a hexagonal jaw which is plumbing. multi-side. The ideal for securing drain nuts TYPES OF THREADER on sinks and tubs. It is used to provide secure - Three Way Pipe Die grip on all hexagonal nuts, square nuts, - Ratchet Type Iron Pipe Threading Die unions and valve packing nuts. - Drophead Die ALLEN WRENCH - Jam proof Receding Pipe Die - A wrench screws with hexagonally shaped PIPE THREADER recess in its head PIPE TAP LOCKING WRENCH - Used to create a threading system inside a - It can be locked into position using an over- hollow pipe. center action. INTERNAL WRENCH - Used to hold closet spuds and bat, basin and TUBE BENDER sink strainers with a diameter up to 2 inches. - A tool used to bend flexible copper tubing JAW DROPPER WRENCH without distortion. - For tightening taps without isolating the 1. SPRING TYPE TUBE BENDER water supply. It is double ended design allows 2. GEARED- RACHET BENDER use on all standard sink and bath nuts. 3. LEVEL-TYPE TUBE BENDER  TUBE EXPANDER GENERAL REGULATION - A hand-operated, single stage expander used HORIZONTAL DRAINAGE PIPES to expand tubing such as copper, aluminum - uniform slope and soft steel tube. - not less than 20mm/m or 2% toward the point of disposal. GRADE REAMER - Where it is impractical to obtain a 2% slope, - A tapered bit having sharp, spiral fluted edges slope can be reduced to 10mm/m or 1% given along the shaft. the following constraints and conditions. - Used to enlarge an opening or remove burrs 1. Pipe diameter is 100mm or larger from the inside pipe specially after cutting. 2. Excessive depth of the proposed drainage line SPIRAL RATCHET PIPE REAMER 3. Structural and/or geological features of the COMBINATION PIPE REAMER terrain; and - Used to remove the internal and external 4. Existing adverse in arrangement of building or burrs of a pipe that had resulted from cutting, structures. usually on plastic and other thin-walled pipe - a must to follow the prescribed grade to or tubing. prevent scouring PIPE EXTRACTOR - A tool used to remove broken threaded ends of pipe, plugs, fittings and etc. GENERAL REGULATION PIPE VISE - A vise holding pipe or tubing during cutting or threading operations; the pipe is held in a V-shaped serrated jaws or (for larger pipes) by chains. 1. PORTABLE TRI- STAND CHAIN VISE 2. BENCH YOKE VISE 3. BENCH CHAIN VISE 4. STAND CHAIN VISE 5. PORTABLE CHAIN and YOKE VISE 6. STRAIGHT PIPE WELDING VISE 7. ELBOW PIPE WELDING VISE 8. ANGLE PIPE WELDING VISE 9. FLANGE PIPE WELDING VISE VERTICAL TO HORIZONTAL DRAIN PIPES DRAIN CLEANERS - Tools used to clean, declog obstruction and maintain the efficient function of piping system. 1. HAND SPINNER 2. FLAT SEWER TAPS 3. DROP HEAD AUGER 4. STRAIGHT AUGER 5. FUNNEL AUGER 6. HOOK AUGER 7. RETRIEVING AUGER 8. SPADE CUTTER 9. GREASE CUTTER 10. SPIRAL SAW TOOTH CUTTER HORIZONTAL TO VERTICAL DRAIN PIPES 11. SAW TOOTH CUTTER 12. SPIRAL BAR CUTTER 13. FOR BLADE SAW TOOTH CUTTER 14. SHARK TOOTH CUTTER 15. GREASE C-CUTTER 16. FLUE BRUSH 17. CHAIN KNOCKER 18. DRAIN RODS 19. SINK PLUNGER 20. AIR-OPERATED PLUNGER 21. ACCORDION PLUNGER 22. TOILET PLUNGER  PROPER LOCATION The enlargement of a 76-mm closet bend or stub - NO plumbing fixtures shall receive and to 102-mm diameter shall not be considered as an discharge any form of liquid waste or sewage obstruction. other than the lot where the building is situated - No plumbing fixtures shall be installed on a manner that will affect the normal function of such structures or facilities PROHIBITED FITTINGS AND PRACTICES No double hub fitting for lead-caulked joint in vertical position except that a double hub sanitary trapped tee may be used on vertical lines as fixtures connection. HANGERS AND SUPPORTS VERTICAL PIPING - Vertical piping shall be secured at sufficiently close intervals to keep the pipes in alignment and to carry its weight and contents. Stacks shall be supported at their base as follows: 1. Cast Iron Soil Pipe – spaced at every storey 2. Screwed Pipe - Iron Pipe Size (IPS) spaced at every storey 3. Copper Tubing – spaced at every storey but not more than 3 meters. 4. Lead Pipe – spaced at every 1.2 meters No drainage or vent piping shall be drilled and maximum, with backing. tapped for making connections thereto, and no 5. Plastic Pipe – spaced at every meter. cast iron soil pipe shall be threaded. No vent pipe shall be used as a soil or waste HORIZONTAL PIPING pipe, nor shall any soil or waste pipe be used as 1. Cast Iron Soil Pipe a vent (except from wet vent). Also, single - For pipe not exceeding 1.5 meters: spaced at drainage and venting systems with unvented every 1.5 meters branch lines are prohibited. - For pipe exceeding 1.5 meters: spaced at No rainwater piping shall be used as soil, waste, every joint or 3 meters maximum and vent pipes. 2. Screwed Pipes - For pipes 19mm in diameter and below: spaced at every 3 meters. - For pipes 25mm in diameter and above: spaced at every 3.6 meters. 3. Copper Tubing - For pipes 38mm in diameter and below: spaced at every 1.5 meters. - For pipes 51mm in diameter and above: spaced at every 3 meters. 4. Lead Pipe - shall be supported by stiff metal or wooden backing for its entire length with hangers properly span. 5. In ground - piping buried in the ground shall be laid on a firm bed for its entire length, except where concrete cradle support is provided. 6. Plastic Tube - For pipes 38mm in diameter and below: still Plumbing installations should not obstruct or metal or wood backing on entire length. slow down the flow of water, sewage, or air - For larger pipes: no backing but with saddle beyond normal levels unless approved by code or or metal hangers. authorities. Only fittings and methods that 7. CLEVIS AND HANGERS enhance system functionality are acceptable. 8. UNDERGROUND PIPINGS PLUMBING MATERIALS TYPES OF CAST IRON 1. BY PRESENCE OF BELL AND SPIGOT PIPES AND FITTINGS - List of commonly used pipes and fittings for residential use: 1. POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC) - Plastic type - Strong, rigid and economical - Can resist a wide variety of acids and bases but may be damaged by some solvents and chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as chloroforms and the very solvent cement that is used to join and seal them. - Best suited for pressure piping - Can withstand temperature of up to 60 degrees Centigrade (140 degrees Fahrenheit). - Available in 3-meter lengths 2. BY MASS - Available up to 24 inches (608mm) SERVICE (SV) CLASS - ID is the nominal diameter - are used for general piping installations. SV POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC ORANGE) Class pipes are thinner, thus lighter than XH Class CIPs. uPVC (Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride/PVC Blue) XH (EXTRA HEAVY) CLASS - Usually used for underground installations. CPVC (Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride) 3. Galvanized Iron (GI) - Coated with zinc, making it more durable and corrosion resistant - Used in water distribution systems - Available in lengths of 6 meters. 2. CAST IRON PIPES - Commonly threaded - Used for sanitary and water distribution - Are classified based on either Iron Pipe Size purposes of buildings not exceeding 25 (IPS) System, Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) stories System or Dimension Nominal (DN) - Available mostly in lengths of 1.5 meters System. - Are classified either as double hub, single hub or hubless pipes based on the TYPES OF THREADS presence of bells and spigots (hub and 1. National Pipe Straight (NPS) barrel) identified by their inside diameter - Based on ASME standards B36.10M and (ID) B36.19M - Available up to 8 inches (204mm). - Threads are parallel (i.e.straight), - Must also follow the standards set by the compared to NPT Cast Iron Soil Pipe Institute (CISPI) - Needs a rubber gasket or O-ring to seal the connection 2. National Pipe Thread (NPT) 4. POLYPROPYLENE RANDOM (PPR) - Also known as ANSI/ASME B1.20.1 pipe - Are used for cold and hot water installations. threads or National Pipe Tapered. In practice, we design water lines using PPR - It is a U.S. standard for measuring PN20 pipes. tapered threads on threaded pipes and - PN stands for Pressure Nominale or the fittings. Threaded pipes can give an effective pressure that the pipe can safely withstand in seal for pipes using hydraulic fluids. the delivery of water, while 20 for the amount - Sometimes referred to as MPT (male of nominal pressure in terms of bars (1 pipe threads), bar=14.5 - NPT threads are not interchangeable with - psi). PPR PN20 pipes NPS (National Pipe Straight) threads. - Commercially available in 4-meter length. SIZING SYSTEM 1. Iron Pipe Size (IPS) System - The oldest pipe sizing system among the three. Here, iron pipes are classified according to weight. Before ANSI B36.10, iron pipes are classified into three, namely; - Standard wall (STD) 5. LEAD PIPES Extra Strong wall (XS) – sometimes referred - One of the oldest materials for pipe works to as Extra Heavy wall (XH). other than clay, lead had been used by the - Double Extra Strong wall (XXS) Romans for their public water distribution – sometimes referred to as system and public baths. - Double Extra Heavy wall (XXH). - Later, at around 250 CE, they ceased to do so - With STD pipes the lightest and XXS pipes due to poisoning. Usage of such material led the heaviest to the term “plumbing” itself. 2. Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) System - Nowadays, the use of lead pipes for water - Due to industry modernization, coupled with piping systems is not recommended and the need to use pipes for a specific amount the RNPCP mandates that no pipes and pressure, the American National Standards fittings containing more than 8% shall be Institute (ANSI) introduced the Nominal Pipe used for potable water distribution lines. Size System, classifying the pipes according to their nominal bore. 6. CLASSIFICATION OF COPPER PIPES - NPS 1/8 to NPS 12 pipes has a nominal Type L diameter that is neither the inside nor the - the most common, this type of pipes is used outside diameter, in inches, for general water distribution works. The - NPS 14 pipes and above has their nominal color code is Blue. diameter synonymous to their Type M outside diameter - the lightest of all the types, Type M copper 3. Dimension Nominal (DN) System pipes is used for water piping when piping is - DN System is just the Metric or European above ground inside or atop a building, or version of the NPS System. Only the underground outside of structures with numerical designation is different. To convert outside protective coating. The color code is NPS Number to DN Number, just multiply Red. the NPS Number by 25. So, an NPS14 Pipe Type K is equivalent to a DN350 Pipe. This number - the heaviest of all the types, Type K copper also corresponds to the nominal diameter of pipes is main water lines and underground the pipe in millimeters. installation, but not for gas applications. The Pipe Schedule Number color code is Green. - thickness of the pipe Type DWV - The thicker the pipe wall thickness, the - common on many old homes and has been higher is the Schedule Number replaced with PVC or ABS plastic pipe in modern construction. Applicable only to above ground installations. The color code is Yellow.