Ethics Test Bank for Canadian Nursing PDF
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Margaret Keatings, Adams Pamela
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This document is a test bank for the book "Ethical & Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition" by Margaret Keatings and Adams Pamela. It includes multiple-choice and true/false questions covering chapter 1-12, with detailed explanations. The test bank is provided by BetterExgrade and available for download on Stuvia.com.
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Test Banks For Ethical & Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition by Margaret Keatings, Adams Pamela, 9781771721776, Chapter 1-12 Complete Guide written by BetterExgrade www.stuvia.com Downloaded by: kto...
Test Banks For Ethical & Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition by Margaret Keatings, Adams Pamela, 9781771721776, Chapter 1-12 Complete Guide written by BetterExgrade www.stuvia.com Downloaded by: ktownpartier | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year? Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material FULL TEST BANK Ethical & Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition by Margaret Keatings, Adams Pamela, 9781771721776, Chapter 1-12 Complete Guide PRINTED PDF | ORIGINAL DIRECTLY FROM THE PUBLISHER | 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS | DOWNLOAD IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE ORDER Complete Test bank, All Chapters are included. Downloaded by: ktownpartier | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year? Ethical and Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Page 1 of 84 Chapter 01: An Introduction to the Ethics and the Law: A Perspective for Nurses Keatings: Ethical & Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing, 4th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following mandates that nurses have a basic understanding of the Canadian legal system? a. Provincial and federal nursing bodies b. The Supreme Court of Canada c. Provincial nursing labor unions d. The Drug and Pharmacies Regulation Act, 1990 ANS: A Feedback A Correct! Provincial and territorial regulatory bodies, have certain requirements related to nurses’ knowledge/skill, which includes knowledge of the legal system. B Incorrect—The Supreme Court, which is the final court of appeal in Canada, is not involved in the regulation of health care professionals. C Incorrect—Labour unions do not focus on nursing standards and knowledge; rather, they represent the collective bargaining rights of nurses. D Incorrect—This Act is relevant to nursing in that it regulates the prescribing, dispensing, and handling of drugs. It does not mandate the knowledge nurses require about the legal system. N R INGTB.COM U S DIF: Cognitive level: Comprehension 2. Identify one of the reasons why nurses need to have an understanding of ethics. a. Nurses do not share the same perspectives regarding health care with other health care professionals. b. Morality and care are at the heart of nursing practice. c. Ethics provides a clear answer to nurses regarding the correct course of action. d. Convincing family members of compassionate courses of action is best done by nurses. ANS: B Feedback A Incorrect—Professional values may be shared across multiple professions, and perspectives on issues may be similar. When views on an issue differ, then knowledge of ethics assists in clarifying and defending one’s position to others. B Correct! One reason for nurses studying ethics is that morality and care are at the heart of nursing practice. C Incorrect—Ethical theories can provide a framework for the exploration of the ethical questions and moral issues faced in health care. These theories guide how morality is understood within the sphere of nursing practice and the nurse–patient or nurse–client relationship. Ethical theories and frameworks can assist/guide nurses as they consider multiple options to choose the best or the WWW.NURSYLAB.COM NURSINGTB.COM Downloaded by: ktownpartier | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year? Ethical and Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Page 2 of 84 least wrong course of action. D Incorrect—Nurses as members of the health care team are in a strong position to support families. They respect the values and beliefs of clients and families and support them in decision making regarding the right course of action. DIF: Cognitive level: Synthesis 3. Why is it advantageous for nurses to have knowledge of ethical theories and principles? a. Ethical theories encourage nurses to critique others’ points of view. b. Nurses are able to justify and defend their positions on a situation. c. Ethical theories help nurses explain to the rest of the team why nurses have a greater understanding of the patient’s perspective. d. This knowledge allows nurses to convince patients to choose comfort measures only. ANS: B Feedback A Incorrect—Ethics encourages nurses to respect the values of others and assists in understanding opposing points of view. Ethics offers tools to nurses to respectfully argue in favour of their positions while respecting the perspectives of others. B Correct! When views differ, ethical theories help clarify one’s position and make arguments in support of it. Nurses ensure that all relevant information is shared with the team and the client. C Incorrect—The perspective of all team members is important and is based on the unique relationships eachNUnurse RSIhas Gwith B.C the patient M or client. D N T O Incorrect—This approach is paternalistic. Nurses and the health care team, while respecting a person’s autonomy, support him or her in making decisions about what is best in a particular context. This includes ensuring that patients are aware of all the options available to them. DIF: Cognitive level: Comprehension 4. Why must nurses be familiar with the legal system? a. Some nursing actions are governed by the law. b. Nurses’ decisions may not be supported by the law. c. Nurses are sometimes at risk for litigation. d. All are correct. ANS: D Feedback A Incorrect—Reserved or controlled acts and the administration of narcotics are two examples of nursing actions governed by the law. A nurse may think an action is “ethical,” but it may not be legal. Nurses’ decisions sometimes have untoward consequences, and errors or omissions may lead to negligence claims. B Incorrect—Reserved or controlled acts and the administration of narcotics are two examples of nursing actions governed by the law. A nurse may think an action is “ethical,” but it may not be legal. Nurses’ decisions sometimes have WWW.NURSYLAB.COM NURSINGTB.COM Downloaded by: ktownpartier | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year? Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Downloaded by: ktownpartier | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year? Ethical and Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Page 3 of 84 untoward consequences, and errors or omissions may lead to negligence claims. C Incorrect—Reserved or controlled acts and the administration of narcotics are two examples of nursing actions governed by the law. A nurse may think an action is “ethical,” but it may not be legal. Nurses’ decisions sometimes have untoward consequences, and errors or omissions may lead to negligence claims. D Correct! Reserved or controlled acts and the administration of narcotics are two examples of nursing actions governed by the law. A nurse may think an action is “ethical,” but it may not be legal. Nurses’ decisions sometimes have untoward consequences, and errors or omissions may lead to negligence claims. DIF: Cognitive level: Analysis 5. What existing legislation has been influenced by the shifting of Canadian values over time? a. The abolition of capital punishment b. Privacy c. Medical Assistance in Dying d. All are correct ANS: D Feedback A Incorrect—One reason for the abolition of capital punishment is based on the belief in the sanctity of life and the concern that an innocent person may be executed. B Incorrect—Respect for autonomy and privacy led to legislation in provinces across Canada. C Incorrect—Shifting views NUregarding RSINGT euthanasia B.COMfor the terminally ill led the Supreme Court to create a law regarding assistance in dying. This resulted in the legislation “Medical Assistance in Dying,” which was introduced in 2016. D Correct! All of these are examples of how shifting Canadian values have influenced legislation. DIF: Cognitive level: Comprehension TRUE/FALSE 1. In addition to having obligations to clients, nurses also have rights regarding what they can expect as professionals. ANS: T Feedback Correct Like all Canadians, nurses have rights under the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Nurses consider these rights in the context of their responsibilities and obligations to clients. Incorrect Like all Canadians, nurses have rights under the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Nurses must consider these rights in the context of their responsibilities and obligations to clients. DIF: Cognitive level: Comprehension WWW.NURSYLAB.COM NURSINGTB.COM Downloaded by: ktownpartier | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year? Ethical and Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Page 4 of 84 2. Through the Canada Health Act, the federal government is given authority over health care in Canada. ANS: F Feedback Correct Health Care is a provincial responsibility. Only the conditions under which the federal government funds health care is specified in the Act. Incorrect Health Care is a provincial responsibility. Only the conditions under which the federal government funds health care is specified in the Act. DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge 3. The field of ethics is gaining greater prominence, in part, because of the growing sophistication of science and technology. ANS: T Feedback Correct Recent advances in genetics, transplantation, and reproductive biotechnology, have opened up an entirely new array of ethical dilemmas, not previously known. This raises the question “Just because you can do something, should you?” Incorrect Recent advances in genetics, transplantation, and reproductive biotechnology, have opened up an entirely new array of ethical dilemmas, not previously known. This raises the question “Just because you can do NURSINGTB.COM something, should you?” DIF: Cognitive level: Comprehension 4. A nurse is justified in accessing the chart of a friend who is a patient on another unit because she is aware of her friend’s serious allergy to antibiotics and wants to make sure this is documented. ANS: F Feedback Correct It is inappropriate for a nurse to access the record of a patient who is outside of his or her “circle of care.” If the friend is not capable of disclosing this information, then to prevent serious harm, the nurse should disclose this information to the team if the friend’s family or substitute decision maker is not available to do so. Incorrect It is inappropriate for a nurse to access the record of a patient who is outside of his or her “circle of care.” If the friend is not capable of disclosing this information, then to prevent serious harm, the nurse should disclose this information to the team if the friend’s family or substitute decision maker is not available to do so. DIF: Cognitive level: Comprehension WWW.NURSYLAB.COM NURSINGTB.COM Downloaded by: ktownpartier | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year? Ethical and Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Page 5 of 84 5. A resident in long-term has been deteriorating for a number of days. His daughter has been with him most of the time and is exhausted. The nurse encourages her to go home to get some rest. A few hours later, it becomes clear to the staff that death is imminent. Appreciating how exhausted the daughter is, the nurse is justified in not disturbing her. ANS: F Feedback Correct The nurse is denying the daughter the opportunity to be present with her father so that he does not die alone. It is the daughter’s, not the nurse’s, choice to make. This may also have implications for the grieving process. Incorrect The nurse is denying the daughter the opportunity to be present with her father so that he does not die alone. It is the daughter’s, not the nurse’s, choice to make. This may also have implications for the grieving process. DIF: Cognitive level: Comprehension NURSINGTB.COM WWW.NURSYLAB.COM NURSINGTB.COM Downloaded by: ktownpartier | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year? Ethical and Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Page 6 of 84 Chapter 02: Ethical Theories: Their Meaning for Nursing Keatings: Ethical & Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing, 4th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. How may ethics be best described? a. The philosophical study of morality b. The process of value clarification c. The beliefs and norms of a society d. The application of ethical principles to moral issues ANS: A Feedback A Correct! Ethics, the philosophical study of morality, is a comprehensive approach to the systematic exploration of what is morally right and wrong. B Incorrect—Value clarification is a process through which individuals come to understand the values they hold and the relative importance of each of these values and hence come to understand the various and shared perspectives they hold. C Incorrect—The beliefs and norms of a society influence ethical perspectives and are explored in the study of ethics. D Incorrect—Applying ethical principles to moral issues helps provide frameworks for ethical decision making and is a component of the study of ethics. DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge N R U SINGTB.COM 2. Which of the following is the focus of normative ethics? a. The analysis of morality without taking a moral position b. The question of what is right or wrong c. Explaining how moral attitudes and beliefs differ from person to person d. Distinguishing between what is normal and what is not ANS: B Feedback A Incorrect—This is a focus of descriptive ethics. B Correct! Normative ethics focuses on the reasons, principles, or arguments that guide decisions about what is right and wrong. Basic principles and virtues are identified to guide morality and provide coherent, systematic, and justifiable answers to moral questions. C Incorrect—A person’s differing moral attitudes and beliefs help to shape his or her personal values; and influence views about what is right or wrong. D Incorrect—People’s ideas of normal and abnormal could be based on values, but these distinctions are not necessarily ethical. DIF: Cognitive level: Comprehension WWW.NURSYLAB.COM NURSINGTB.COM Downloaded by: ktownpartier | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year? Ethical and Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Page 7 of 84 3. Which of the following fields of ethics applies ethical theories and principles to actual moral problems? a. Philosophical ethics b. Biomedical ethics c. Nursing ethics d. Applied ethics ANS: D Feedback A Incorrect—Ethics in general is a philosophical study. B Incorrect—Biomedical ethics explores moral issues and ethical questions associated with health care. C Incorrect—Nursing ethics focuses on moral questions within all domains of nursing. D Correct! Applied ethics is a specific field of ethics where theories and principles are applied to actual moral problems to assist in guiding decision making. DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge 4. Which of the following exists when mutually exclusive alternatives can both be supported by strong moral reasons? a. Moral distress b. An ethical dilemma c. A value conflict d. An ethical violation ANS: B NURSINGTB.COM Feedback A Incorrect—Moral distress results when a person is faced with ethical issues or conflicting values and cannot deal effectively with them or is obstructed from doing so. B Correct! An ethical dilemma arises when the best course of action is unclear and there are strong moral reasons supporting each opposing position. C Incorrect—A value conflict occurs when people encounter other individuals or groups whose value system are in conflict with their own. D Incorrect—An ethical violation occurs when actions and behaviours contradict what is clearly the right action or fail to meet an ethical standard or code of ethics. DIF: Cognitive level: Comprehension 5. What is the result when a nurse believes that a course of action is correct, but is prevented (e.g., through a law or policy) from carrying out that action or influencing the decision, resulting in feelings of guilt? a. An ethical dilemma b. Moral distress c. Ethical reasoning d. Moral irresponsibility WWW.NURSYLAB.COM NURSINGTB.COM Downloaded by: ktownpartier | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year? Ethical and Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Page 8 of 84 ANS: B Feedback A Incorrect—An ethical dilemma arises when the best course of action is unclear and there are strong moral reasons supporting each opposing position. B Correct! Moral distress results when a person is faced with ethical issues or conflicting values and cannot deal effectively with them. C Incorrect—Ethical reasoning is the process of ethical decision making, not the result of a situation. D Incorrect—Moral responsibility refers to the duty to act in accordance with the moral principles that guides groups or society. Moral irresponsibility would occur if a nurse disregarded professional or organizational ethical standards or codes of ethics. DIF: Cognitive level: Comprehension 6. What is the correct term to describe a framework of principles and guidelines that helps to identify ethical issues and reconcile conflicts? a. Metaethics b. Ethical theory c. Ethical values d. Descriptive ethics ANS: B Feedback A Incorrect—Metaethics analyzes the meanings of concepts, such as right, NURand obligation, good, and virtue, SIN GTB.C attempts toO M distinguish between what is moral and what is not—for example, the difference between a moral rule and a social rule. B Correct! Ethical theory is the study of the nature and justification of general ethical principles that can be applied to moral problems. C Incorrect—Ethical values are ideals and may vary across individuals, groups, or populations; they do not resolve conflicts but help in understanding various perspectives on an issue. D Incorrect—Descriptive ethics encompasses explanations and factual descriptions of moral behaviour and beliefs; it does not identify ethical issues or resolve conflicts. DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge 7. Which of the following best describes the concept of equality for all Canadians? a. A belief b. A value c. A principle d. A moral dilemma ANS: B Feedback A Incorrect—A belief is individual and is something felt to be true; the concept of WWW.NURSYLAB.COM NURSINGTB.COM Downloaded by: ktownpartier | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year? Ethical and Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Page 9 of 84 equality is not simply an individual belief. B Correct! Equality for all is a societal value; the majority of Canadians subscribe to this ideal. A value has significant meaning to an individual, group, or society. C Incorrect—Principles help to guide moral decisions; the concept of equality is based on the principle of justice. D Incorrect—A moral dilemma occurs when the right course of action is not clear. DIF: Cognitive level: Application 8. A nurse’s support of client autonomy is based on which of the following? a. An “a priori” principle b. A personal value c. A professional value d. A legal requirement ANS: C Feedback A Incorrect—Ethical principles are considered “prima facie”; that is, their application may be relative to another principle that may have more weight or priority in a given situation. They are not considered “a priori” or binding. B Incorrect—A nurse’s support of client autonomy may be an example of a personal value, but not exclusively. C Correct! Professional values build and expand on personal values. The value of client autonomy is a professional (and possibly personal) value and is evident in codes of ethics and professional standards for nurses. D Incorrect—Some legal doctrines, NURSINsuch as informed GTB.C M consent, are based on the O principle of autonomy, but generally, supporting client autonomy is not a legal requirement. DIF: Cognitive level: Comprehension 9. Which of the following theories may guide nurses to choose actions that will lead to the best consequences, outcomes, or results? a. Utilitarian b. Deontological c. Normative d. Relative ANS: A Feedback A Correct! Utilitarianism is a teleological theory in which the ethical choice is the one with the best consequences, outcomes, or results. B Incorrect—Deontological theories make explicit the duties and principles that should guide people’s actions; they do not focus on the consequences of actions. C Incorrect—Normative theories are intended to provide frameworks and rules to guide decisions about what is right or wrong, but they do not focus on the consequences of actions. D Incorrect—Relativism states that there are no moral absolutes and that the WWW.NURSYLAB.COM NURSINGTB.COM Downloaded by: ktownpartier | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year? Ethical and Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Page 10 of 84 concept of morality varies across cultures and among individuals; it does not provide a guide to choosing the best actions. DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge 10. What is the main principle underlying a rule-based theory of utilitarianism? a. The theory is always deontological. b. The theory considers individual acts. c. The theory considers general patterns of behaviour. d. The theory is the foundation of nursing ethics. ANS: C Feedback A Incorrect—Deontological theory (which includes the belief that standards for moral behaviour exist independently of means or ends) includes both rule- and act-based theories but is not the main underlying principle. B Incorrect—Rule-based theories consider general patterns of behaviour, whereas act-based theories consider individual acts. C Correct! General patterns of behaviour are the foundation of rule-based theories. Rule-based theories consider general patterns of behaviour, whereas act-based theories consider individual acts. Both rule- and act-based theories are utilitarian (in which the best choice is the one with the best outcomes). D Incorrect—Such approaches as caring ethics and ethical principles, not rule-based theories, are the foundation of nursing ethics. DIF: Cognitive level: Comprehension N R I U S NGTB.COM 11. Which of the following is the basis for ethical decision-making frameworks? a. Ethical reasoning b. Ethical values c. Ethical dilemmas d. Ethical principles ANS: D Feedback A Incorrect—Ethical reasoning is a process of ethical decision making using a framework. B Incorrect—Ethical values are beliefs held by an individual or a group and may evolve over time; they are not the basis for ethical decision-making frameworks. C Incorrect—Ethical dilemmas arise when the best choice of action is unclear and when strong moral reasons support each position; they are not the basis for ethical decision-making frameworks. D Correct! Ethical principles serve as rules to guide moral conduct and provide a framework for ethical decision making. DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge 12. What is the main difference between deontological and teleological theories? WWW.NURSYLAB.COM NURSINGTB.COM Downloaded by: ktownpartier | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year? Ethical and Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Page 11 of 84 a. Teleological theory focuses on the use of principles to choose the correct actions. b. Deontological theory focuses on ends or outcomes and consequences of decisions. c. Deontological theory suggests that standards for moral behaviour are independent of the ends or outcomes of actions. d. All teleological theories are rule based. ANS: C Feedback A Incorrect—Teleological theory is focused on the end results or outcomes of actions. B Incorrect—Deontological theory is focused on acts and rules that support principles or duties, not on the ends or outcomes of decisions. C Correct! Deontological theory suggests that standards for moral behaviour are independent of the ends or outcomes of actions, whereas teleological theory focuses on the outcomes and consequences of actions. D Incorrect—Teleological theory is focused on the end results or outcomes of actions. Although rule utilitarianism, a teleological theory, considers the utility of general patterns of behaviour rather than that of specific actions. DIF: Cognitive level: Comprehension 13. Which of the following ethical principles is the foundation of informed consent? a. Beneficence b. Justice c. Nonmaleficence d. Autonomy N R I G B.C M U S N T O ANS: D Feedback A Incorrect—Beneficence holds that one must make a positive move to produce some good or benefit for another; it is not the foundation of informed consent. B Incorrect—Justice is based on the notions of fairness and equity; it is not the foundation of informed consent. C Incorrect—Nonmaleficence obliges people to act in such a way as to prevent or remove harm; it is not the foundation of informed consent. D Correct! Autonomy, or self-determination (including the right to choose one’s own path), is the foundation of informed consent. DIF: Cognitive level: Analysis 14. Which of the following influenced the shift in ethical thinking away from abstract rules that reinforce a deductive reasoning process? a. Patricia Benner b. Maternalistic attitudes c. Feminine ethics d. The principle of nonmaleficence ANS: C WWW.NURSYLAB.COM NURSINGTB.COM Downloaded by: ktownpartier | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year? Ethical and Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Page 12 of 84 Feedback A Incorrect—Patricia Benner observed the value of a nurse’s intuition and proposed that emotions are central to perception and rationality; she did not influence this shift in ethical thinking. B Incorrect—Maternalistic attitudes have not influenced shifts in ethical thinking. C Correct! Feminine ethics argues for an inductive process in which the starting point is the individual’s circumstances or personal story. It has influenced the shift in ethical thinking away from abstract rules that reinforce a deductive reasoning process. D Incorrect—Nonmaleficence is an ethical principle meaning “do no harm.” This longstanding principle was also present during periods when abstract rules reinforced a deductive reasoning process. DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge 15. Which of the following considers the influence of the nurse–patient relationship on ethical decision making? a. Social Justice b. Autonomous ethics c. Feminine ethics d. Relational ethics ANS: D Feedback A Incorrect—Social justice addresses equity and fairness within a society. Nurses advocate for strategies that address the societal issues that affect the health and NURSING well-being of persons in Canadian TB.COM society. B Incorrect—Autonomy is an ethical principle; however, “autonomous ethics” is not a recognized form of ethics. C Incorrect—Feminine ethics emphasizes relational ethics, but relational ethics is not the main focus of feminine ethics. D Correct! Relational ethics considers the influence of the nurse–patient relationship on ethical decision making. If the entire focus is on ethical principles and the relationship between the nurse and the patient is ignored, then relational ethics is not present and the nurse may become disengaged. DIF: Cognitive level: Comprehension 16. Which of the following aligns with the use of the narrative in nursing ethics? a. Ethic of care b. Relational ethics c. Value clarification d. Moral perspectives of Indigenous peoples ANS: D Feedback A Incorrect—An ethic of care offers an approach to ethics that values feelings, emotions, empathy, and care. It recognizes the importance of relationships and WWW.NURSYLAB.COM NURSINGTB.COM Downloaded by: ktownpartier | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year? Ethical and Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Page 13 of 84 the uniqueness and context of particular situations. It recognizes the value of knowing the person and his or her context; however, the use of narrative is not the major focus. B Incorrect—Relational ethics considers the influence of the nurse–patient relationship on ethical decision making. Although understanding a person’s story is part of relationship building, it is not the major focus. C Incorrect—Value clarification assists individuals in understanding the values they hold and the perspectives they may share with others. D Correct! The use of stories to uncover the complexity of moral issues is part of the rich oral Indigenous culture. Through stories, shared from generation to generation, they have created a strong system of knowledge and mythology that guides their moral thinking and actions. In nursing narrative ethics encourages the sharing of stories to gain a clearer understanding of the ethical issues and challenges embedded in them. DIF: Cognitive level: Comprehension TRUE/FALSE 1. Rationality is related to the notion of thinking and reasoning. It is associated with comprehension, intuition, and intelligence. ANS: F Feedback Correct Rationality is associated with comprehension, intelligence, or inference; NURSIaNcomponent intuition is not considered GTB.COM of rational thinking. Incorrect Rationality is associated with comprehension, intelligence, or inference; intuition is not considered a component of rational thinking. DIF: Cognitive level: Comprehension 2. Ensuring open visiting for those important to the person is an expression of a Canadian value. ANS: T Feedback Correct Canadians value equity, individual rights, health and well-being, quality of life, and human dignity. Most Canadians, whatever their cultural background may be, value their family and friends—those closest to them. It is the person’s choice to make as to who should be present with them when they are unwell. Of course, this has to be balanced with the rights of others in the same setting. Incorrect Canadians value equity, individual rights, health and well-being, quality of life, and human dignity. Most Canadians, whatever their cultural background may be, value their family and friends—those closest to them. It is the person’s choice to make as to who should be present with them when they are unwell. Of course, this has to be balanced with the rights of others in the same setting. WWW.NURSYLAB.COM NURSINGTB.COM Downloaded by: ktownpartier | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year? Ethical and Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Page 14 of 84 DIF: Cognitive level: Synthesis 3. Cultural relativists value democracy is the most ethical way to govern. ANS: F Feedback Correct Relativists believe that the moral values and principles of one culture do not govern the conduct of others. What may be considered moral in one culture may be considered immoral in another. Although some societies value democracy, others disagree and value utilitarian regimes, which may be the most appropriate, or the best, for that particular society. Incorrect Relativists believe that the moral values and principles of one culture do not govern the conduct of others. What may be considered moral in one culture may be considered immoral in another. Although some societies value democracy, others disagree and value utilitarian regimes, which may be the most appropriate, or the best, for that particular society. DIF: Cognitive level: Comprehension 4. W. D. Ross identified prima facie duties as those duties that one must always act upon unless they conflict with duties of equal or stronger obligation. ANS: T Feedback Correct Ross proposed thatNU“right” RSINchoice GTB.C OM is the one consistent with all or action the rules. When all of the duties are consistent, then the choice is based on preference. When there is conflict, then one appeals to the higher rule to resolve the conflict (e.g., sanctity of life versus veracity). Incorrect Ross proposed that “right” choice or action is the one consistent with all the rules. When all of the duties are consistent, then the choice is based on preference. When there is conflict, then one appeals to the higher rule to resolve the conflict (e.g., sanctity of life versus veracity). DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge 5. Indigenous peoples have a consistent view of morality, and this is embedded in their rich oral tradition. ANS: F Feedback Correct Not all Indigenous communities hold to one philosophical view, religious belief, or moral code; however, all share an oral tradition that transmits history, traditions, and culture across generations. Incorrect Not all Indigenous communities hold to one philosophical view, religious belief, or moral code; however, all share an oral tradition that transmits history, traditions, and culture across generations. WWW.NURSYLAB.COM NURSINGTB.COM Downloaded by: ktownpartier | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year? Ethical and Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Page 15 of 84 DIF: Cognitive level: Comprehension NURSINGTB.COM WWW.NURSYLAB.COM NURSINGTB.COM Downloaded by: ktownpartier | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year? Ethical and Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Page 16 of 84 Chapter 03: Guiding Ethical Decision Making: Resources for Nurses Keatings: Ethical & Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing, 4th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following was a focus of codes of ethics during earlier nursing times? a. Professional standards b. Practice standards c. The scope of practice standards d. The virtue and morality of nurses ANS: D Feedback A Incorrect—Professional standards have evolved in the current Code of Ethics for Registered Nurses; they were not a focus of historical codes of ethics. B Incorrect—Practice standards were not a part of historical codes of ethics and are not part of the modern Code of Ethics. Practice standards set out requirements related to specific aspects of nurses’ practice. C Incorrect—The scope of practice standards were not a part of historical codes of ethics and are not part of the modern Code of Ethics. Scope of practice standards articulate standards, limits, and conditions related to the scope of practice of nurses and nurse practitioners. D Correct! The virtue, character, and morality of nurses were the focus of early nursing codes of ethics, in addition to the key principles guiding nursing practice. N R I G B.C M U S N T O DIF: Cognitive level: Comprehension 2. Which of the following is true of the Canadian Nurses Association’s Code of Ethics for Registered Nurses? a. It offers suggestions on resolving routine practice issues. b. It contains a dispute resolution mechanism. c. It offers a framework and guide for ethical practice. d. It is closely aligned with the physician’s code of ethics. ANS: C Feedback A Incorrect—Practice issues are not discussed in the Code of Ethics; these are regulatory body issues. B Incorrect—Dispute resolution mechanisms are part of a collective agreement, not of a code of ethics. C Correct! The Code of Ethics contains nursing values and ethical responsibilities, as well as ethical endeavours, all of which guide and frame ethical reflection and decision making in nursing practice. D Incorrect—There may be similarities between the two codes because they are both informed by ethical principles; however, there is no alignment between these two codes. WWW.NURSYLAB.COM NURSINGTB.COM Downloaded by: ktownpartier | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year? Ethical and Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Page 17 of 84 DIF: Cognitive level: Application 3. Which primary value from the Canadian Nurses Association’s Code of Ethics is being followed by a nurse who intervenes to address an unsafe nursing practice? a. Being accountable b. Providing safe, compassionate, competent, and ethical care c. Promoting justice d. Promoting health and well-being ANS: B Feedback A Incorrect—Nurses are accountable for their actions and answerable for their practice, but this is not directly related to the situation mentioned above. B Correct! Nurses question and intervene to address unsafe, noncompassionate, unethical, or incompetent practice or conditions that interfere with their ability to provide safe, compassionate, competent, and ethical care. C Incorrect—Nurses uphold justice by safeguarding human rights, equality, and fairness and by promoting the public good, but this is not directly related to the situation mentioned above. D Incorrect—Nurses help people attain their highest possible level of health and well-being, but this is not directly related to the situation mentioned above. DIF: Cognitive level: Application 4. Which primary ethical nursing value is being followed by a nurse who respects the wishes of N R I G B.C M U S N Tabout his a patient to decline to receive information O or her health condition? a. Promoting and respecting informed decision making b. Preserving dignity c. Being accountable d. Promoting health and well-being ANS: A Feedback A Correct! Nurses respect the autonomy and self-determination of people by allowing them to make their own choices. B Incorrect—Nurses recognize and respect the intrinsic worth of each person, but this is not directly related to the person’s decision making. C Incorrect—Nurses are individually accountable for their own practice, but this does not have a direct impact on the decisions of the patient. D Incorrect—Nurses help people attain their highest possible level of health and well-being. This is an important aspect of a patient’s decision making; however, it does not directly involve a person’s autonomy. DIF: Cognitive level: Application 5. Which of the following statements best describes the “ethical responsibilities” in the Canadian Nurses Association’s Code of Ethics? a. Ethical responsibility deals with ethical endeavours. WWW.NURSYLAB.COM NURSINGTB.COM Downloaded by: ktownpartier | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year? Ethical and Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Page 18 of 84 b. Nurses’ ethical responsibilities are informed by seven primary values. c. Social justice must be addressed consistently. d. Primary nursing values outline caring responsibilities. ANS: B Feedback A Incorrect—Ethical endeavours describe approaches nurses may take to address broader societal inequalities, but they are not directly linked with nurses’ ethical responsibilities. B Correct! The seven primary values in Part I of the Code of Ethics inform nurses’ ethical responsibilities, which help guide nurses’ decision making. C Incorrect—Broader societal inequalities may be addressed by approaches promoted by the ethical endeavours section of the Code of Ethics, but this statement is not a description of ethical responsibilities. D Incorrect—Primary nursing values, which include ethical responsibilities, do not strictly outline these responsibilities. DIF: Cognitive level: Comprehension 6. Which of the following rationale explains the development of the ethical endeavours section of the Canadian Nurses Association’s Code of Ethics? a. Nurses are expanding their advocacy role. b. Canadians have become more diverse and have different health care needs. c. Nurses work with more “English as a second language” clients. d. Health resources are increasingly scarce. ANS: B NURSINGTB.COM Feedback A Incorrect—Although advocacy is required, this is not the rationale that explains the development of the ethical endeavours section of the Code of Ethics. B Correct! Canadians have become more diverse and have different health care needs. Nurses today work with the homeless, within the military, and with new immigrants to Canada. Increased numbers of immigrants, for instance, are at risk of deteriorating health as part of the transition to living in Canadian society. C Incorrect—This may be true, but it is not the rationale that explains the development of the ethical endeavours section of the Code of Ethics. D Incorrect—Appropriate use and distribution of resources is important; however, this was not the primary reason for the development of the ethical endeavours section of the Code of Ethics. DIF: Cognitive level: Comprehension 7. Which of the following statements best describes an outcome of the ethical decision-making process? a. There must only be one possible outcome. b. There must be several equally acceptable options. c. The goal is to discuss options, not decisions. d. More than one proposed intervention may be ethical. WWW.NURSYLAB.COM NURSINGTB.COM Downloaded by: ktownpartier | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year? Ethical and Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Page 19 of 84 ANS: D Feedback A Incorrect—Several possible outcomes may be examined in the ethical decision-making process. B Incorrect—Acceptable options may not be equal in value to all parties, so this is not the intended result of the ethical decision-making process. C Incorrect—This is not the goal of the ethical decision-making process. D Correct! More than one proposed intervention may be ethical and reflective of good ethical practice. DIF: Cognitive level: Comprehension 8. Which of the following is being used by an interdisciplinary team that implements and evaluates a plan of action after considering key players, clarifying values, and exploring alternatives? a. A code of ethics b. An ethics committee c. Practice standards d. An ethical decision-making model ANS: D Feedback A Incorrect—A code of ethics helps inform ethical decision making but does not directly guide the process described. B Incorrect—An ethics committee may be involved in the ethical decision-making N RSING process, but not the entireUprocess, B.COM asTdescribed. C Incorrect—Practice standards may be part of the discussion when exploring alternatives but are not involved in the entire process described. D Correct! The process described is standard in ethical decision-making models. DIF: Cognitive level: Analysis 9. Which of the following best describes the goals of an ethics committee? a. To provide a single view toward the outcome of an ethical issue b. To present various views or “lenses” on the issues c. To develop standards of practice for nurses d. To ensure that comfort is achieved ANS: B Feedback A Incorrect—This statement does not describe the goals of an ethics committee. B Correct! Ethics committees present various views of or “lenses” on the issues, and there can be more than one alternative outcome. C Incorrect—Standards of practice are the responsibility of the regulatory body. D Incorrect—Comfort may be a goal of care that is considered, but, depending on the situation, the key players, and the other goals being considered, may not be the result. WWW.NURSYLAB.COM NURSINGTB.COM Downloaded by: ktownpartier | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year? Ethical and Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Page 20 of 84 DIF: Cognitive level: Comprehension 10. Which of the following is demonstrated when a nurse takes an unresolved ethical situation forward to an ethics committee? a. Nonmaleficence b. Beneficence c. Accountability d. Promoting justice ANS: C Feedback A Incorrect—Nonmaleficence means “do no harm.” This may be one aspect of what this nurse is doing, but it does not directly describe this action. B Incorrect—Beneficence means taking an action that benefits others. This may be an aspect of what this nurse is doing, but it does not directly describe this action. C Correct! Being accountable is one of the primary nursing values in the Canadian Nurses Association’s Code of Ethics. This nurse is demonstrating responsibility and accountability by taking action that will hopefully help in addressing the issue of concern. D Incorrect—Not enough is known about this situation to determine if promoting justice is involved. DIF: Cognitive level: Synthesis 11. What is the main role of an ethics committee? a. Consultation NURSINGTB.COM b. Education c. Policy d. All are correct ANS: D Feedback A Incorrect—Ethics committees offer suggestions but do not direct care decisions. Educating staff on ethical issues is a key responsibility. Changing technologies require the need for evolving policies and guidelines around everyday ethical issues, and the committee is the expert opinion on these matters. B Incorrect—Ethics committees offer suggestions, but do not direct care decisions. Educating staff on ethical issues is a key responsibility. Changing technologies require the need for evolving policies and guidelines around everyday ethical issues, and the committee is the expert opinion on these matters. C Incorrect—Ethics committees offer suggestions, but do not direct care decisions. Educating staff on ethical issues is a key responsibility. Changing technologies require the need for evolving policies and guidelines around everyday ethical issues, and the committee is the expert opinion on these matters. D Correct! Ethics committees offer suggestions but do not direct care decisions. Educating staff on ethical issues is a key responsibility. Changing technologies require the need for evolving policies and guidelines around everyday ethical WWW.NURSYLAB.COM NURSINGTB.COM Downloaded by: ktownpartier | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year? Ethical and Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Page 21 of 84 issues, and the committee is the expert opinion on these matters. DIF: Cognitive level: Comprehension 12. Of those listed below, who is most likely to be a member of a hospital ethics committee? a. Funeral director b. Chaplain c. Community activist d. Palliative care volunteer ANS: B Feedback A Incorrect—Funeral directors may be involved as a community member but this is not the norm. B Correct! Chaplains are often part of an ethics committee. The committee is usually made up of professional staff with a certain level of experience in and knowledge of ethical issues. C Incorrect—Community members might be on the occasional ethics committee, but activists are not likely to be included because they may be advancing a specific cause or agenda. D Incorrect—Volunteers may know the patients but may not have the educational background to be able to participate on the ethics committee. They may participate as a community member, but this is not the norm. DIF: Cognitive level: Comprehension NURSINGTB.COM TRUE/FALSE 1. Ethical principles inform only modern codes of ethics. ANS: F Feedback Correct Ethical principles have been documented as far back as 1780 b.c. and form the basis of both historical and modern codes of ethics. Incorrect This is not a true statement. DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge 2. A code of ethics identifies disciplinary actions and resulting consequences for nurses who are investigated for misconduct. ANS: F Feedback Correct A professional body normally implements discipline and consequences. Incorrect A code of ethics establishes a standard by which the nurse is assessed if disciplinary or legal action against the nurse occurs; it does not identify disciplinary actions and resulting consequences. WWW.NURSYLAB.COM NURSINGTB.COM Downloaded by: ktownpartier | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year? Ethical and Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Page 22 of 84 DIF: Cognitive level: Comprehension 3. The use of an ethical decision-making model ensures the protection of an organization from liability. ANS: F Feedback Correct Decision-making frameworks provide a process or guide to help identify the best choice of action. Their presence does not protect an organization from liability but their use helps justify the action or actions taken and demonstrates due process. Incorrect Decision-making frameworks provide a process or guide to help identify the best choice of action. Their presence does not protect an organization from liability but their use helps justify the action or actions taken and demonstrates due process. DIF: Cognitive level: Synthesis 4. All nurses in Canada are expected to meet the ethical standards embedded in the Canadian Nurses Association Code of Ethics for Registered Nurses. ANS: F Feedback Correct There are a number of nursing codes of ethics in Canada that share similar NURbut principles and values SIfocus NGTon B.C OM category of nurses, such as a specific registered nurses, nurse practitioners, or licensed/registered practical nurses. The principles and values embedded in these codes guide the practice of nursing, but only legislation and regulation (through regulatory bodies) can mandate standards for nurses. Incorrect There are a number of nursing codes of ethics in Canada that share similar principles and values but focus on a specific category of nurses, such as registered nurses, nurse practitioners, or licensed/registered practical nurses. The principles and values embedded in these codes guide the practice of nursing, but only legislation and regulation (through regulatory bodies) can mandate standards for nurses. DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge 5. The Registered Nurses Association of Ontario has introduced over 50 best practice guidelines that were developed by nurses across Canada and have been adopted internationally. ANS: T Feedback Correct Expert Canadian nurses were engaged in guideline development. These guidelines are used not only in Canada but also internationally. Incorrect Expert Canadian nurses were engaged in guideline development. These WWW.NURSYLAB.COM NURSINGTB.COM Downloaded by: ktownpartier | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year? Ethical and Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Page 23 of 84 guidelines are used not only in Canada but also internationally. DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge NURSINGTB.COM WWW.NURSYLAB.COM NURSINGTB.COM Downloaded by: ktownpartier | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year? Ethical and Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Page 24 of 84 Chapter 04: The Canadian Legal System Keatings: Ethical & Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing, 4th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. When a legal decision is being made, which of the following source of common law has the highest degree of authority? a. Doctrine b. Case law c. Statute law and regulations d. Custom ANS: C Feedback A Incorrect—Doctrine, the opinion of a legal expert, does not have the highest degree of authority. B Incorrect—Case law is dependent on the level of the court that renders the decision and does not have the highest degree of authority. C Correct! Statute law and regulations are the most authoritative source of common law. D Incorrect—Custom has the lowest level of authority and is used only when there is a complete absence of guidance from other sources. DIF: Cognitive level: Synthesis N R I G B.C M Udone S byN aTjudge when O attempting to determine negligence by 2. Which of the following is being applying principles from previous precedents and elaborating on them before making a decision? a. Naming a litigant b. Developing common law c. Developing civil law d. Preparing the case for the superior court ANS: B Feedback A Incorrect—This does not describe what this judge is doing. A litigant is a party to a lawsuit. B Correct! Centuries of judgements, precedents, and previous cases all build on each other to form common law. The judge in this example is developing common law. C Incorrect—This does not describe what this judge is doing. Civil law uses a civil code to guide all decisions. D Incorrect—This is not applicable. DIF: Cognitive level: Analysis 3. Which of the following statements accurately describes statute law? WWW.NURSYLAB.COM NURSINGTB.COM Downloaded by: ktownpartier | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year? Ethical and Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Page 25 of 84 a. A set of reasons for a decision in a particular case based on decisions made in previous cases b. A formal written set of rules passed by a legislative body c. The absence of specific and applicable legal principles d. A system of rules and doctrines developed over time ANS: B Feedback A Incorrect—This statement describes case law, not statute law. Case law is a body of precedent that contains rules, definitions of legal concepts, and legal principles fashioned by judges over time. B Correct! Statute law is a formal written set of rules passed by Parliament or other legislative body to regulate a particular area, such as Ontario’s Regulated Health Professions Act (1991), which regulates all of the health care professions in Ontario. C Incorrect—This statement describes custom, not statute law. Custom means that in the absence of specific and applicable legal principles in case law, statutes, or doctrine, the courts will be guided by the longstanding practices of a particular industry, trade, or other endeavour. D Incorrect—This statement describes common law, not statute law. DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge 4. Which of the following statements regarding the priority of a regulation is accurate? a. An act is inferior to the regulation from which it flows. b. The regulation is considered NURa Sguideline. INGTB.COM c. A regulation is known as “subordinate legislation.” d. A regulation is known as “inordinate legislation.” ANS: C Feedback A Incorrect—This is not an accurate statement. B Incorrect—This is not an accurate statement. Regulations are more than a guideline, and they have the same force of law as statutes or acts. C Correct! A regulation is additional legislative detail written to assist in explaining a statute or act and its application. Thus, regulations are known as “subordinate legislation,” and the regulation is inferior to the act from which the regulation flows; the statute takes priority. D Incorrect—“Inordinate” means excessive, or disorderly, and is irrelevant with regard to regulations and legislation. DIF: Cognitive level: Application 5. Which of the following is the most accurate description of jurisprudence in the Quebec legal system? a. A body of precedent in Canadian common law that is superior to the civil code b. A body of precedent in Quebec common law that is superior to the civil code c. A body of precedent in the Canadian civil system that is inferior to the civil code WWW.NURSYLAB.COM NURSINGTB.COM Downloaded by: ktownpartier | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year? Ethical and Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Page 26 of 84 d. A body of precedent in the Quebec civil system that is inferior to the civil code ANS: D Feedback A Incorrect—Common law does not use a civil code. B Incorrect—Quebec does not use common law. C Incorrect—In Canada, only Quebec has a civil law system; the rest of Canada is based on a common law system. The civil code is part of civil law. D Correct! Jurisprudence is a body of precedent used in Quebec civil law. It is merely evidence of how previous courts have treated a particular provision of the Civil Code of Quebec and is subordinate to the Code and not binding on a subsequent court. DIF: Cognitive level: Comprehension 6. Which of the following is the feature of justice that encompasses the notion that all people are equal before the law and entitled to the same rights and benefits? a. Procedural fairness b. Due process c. Natural justice d. Rule of law ANS: B Feedback A Incorrect—Procedural fairness means that all individuals are treated fairly and consistently; it does notN URSIrelate directly NGTB.Cto theOM described. notion B Correct! Due process is the feature of justice that encompasses the notion that all people are equal before the law and entitled to the same rights and benefits arising from the law. C Incorrect—Natural justice refers to what is fair and good in human relationships; it does not directly relate to the notion described. D Incorrect—The rule of law means that those responsible for administering and enforcing laws will do so appropriately; it does not directly relate to the notion described. DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge 7. A nurse named in a lawsuit is involved in a preparatory legal proceeding, where it becomes apparent that the opponent has enough evidence to prove the case. What is this preparatory meeting called? a. Documentary discovery b. Examination for discovery c. Pretrial conference d. Disclosure ANS: B Feedback A Incorrect—Documentary discovery is the process used to prove that the parties WWW.NURSYLAB.COM NURSINGTB.COM Downloaded by: ktownpartier | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year? Ethical and Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Page 27 of 84 involved have disclosed all relevant documents; it is not the preparatory meeting described. B Correct! During examination for discovery, each party has the opportunity to answer questions relevant to any matter raised, in the presence of both parties’ lawyers. No judge is present at this stage. C Incorrect—A pretrial conference is one last effort before the trial to resolve the dispute; it is not the preparatory meeting described. D Incorrect—Disclosure is achieved through two mechanisms: documentary discovery and the oral examination for discovery; it is not the preparatory meeting described. DIF: Cognitive level: Synthesis 8. Which of the following statements accurately describes an indictable offence? a. A “wrong” committed against another person under common law b. A less serious type of criminal offence c. The most serious type of offence under common law d. The most serious type of criminal offence ANS: D Feedback A Incorrect—This “wrong” is known as a tort, not an indictable offence. B Incorrect—A criminal offence of a minor or relatively less serious nature is known as a summary conviction offence, not an indictable offence. C Incorrect—An indictable offence falls under criminal law, not common law. D Correct! An indictable offence NURSI is the GTmost B.C serious M type of criminal offence. N O Murder in the first degree is an example of an indictable offence. DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge 9. Which of the following is considered an administrative tribunal? a. A collective bargaining team b. A nurses’ association review board c. An appellate court d. A trial court ANS: B Feedback A Incorrect—A collective bargaining team is not a tribunal. B Correct! This review board would be considered an administrative tribunal. Administrative tribunals are not courts in the strict sense, although the adjudication is based on the respective rights and obligations of the parties who come before them. C Incorrect—An appellate court is an appeals court and is the highest level of provincial court, not a tribunal. D Incorrect—A trial court is a provincial court, not a tribunal. DIF: Cognitive level: Synthesis WWW.NURSYLAB.COM NURSINGTB.COM Downloaded by: ktownpartier | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year? Ethical and Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Page 28 of 84 10. Which of the following statements is the most accurate with regard to the impact of an appeal of a judgement to an appellate court? a. A new trial with new witnesses will be involved. b. It must be referred to a higher provincial court. c. The matter must be referred to the trial court. d. No new witnesses will be called. ANS: D Feedback A Incorrect—There is no new trial in this appeal, only a review of the trial proceedings. B Incorrect—There is no higher provincial court after the appellate court. The matter must be referred to the Supreme Court of Canada, which is the final court of appeal. C Incorrect—Trial courts are provincial courts and are subordinate to the appellate court. The matter must be referred to the Supreme Court of Canada, which is the final court of appeal. D Correct! In an appeal to an appellate court, there is no new trial, only a review of the trial proceedings. There are no new witnesses called, and new evidence is seldom heard. The appeal ensures no errors of law were made and that findings of fact are based on properly admitted evidence. DIF: Cognitive level: Analysis 11. What are the two primary sources N R ofIcommon G B.Claw?M a. Statute law and custom lawU S N T O b. Doctrine and statute law c. Civil code and case law d. Case law and statute law ANS: D Feedback A Incorrect—Custom applies if no other sources of law are available and is not a primary source of law. B Incorrect—Doctrine is a legal opinion that may be considered but is not a primary source of law. C Incorrect—Civil code is not applicable to common law. D Correct! Statute law (a formal written set of rules) and case law (a collection of legal rules and principles based on precedents) make up the foundation for common law. DIF: Cognitive level: Comprehension 12. Which of the following are the three components of Canada’s government? a. The judicial branch, the executive branch, and the legislative branch b. The parliamentary branch, the Supreme Court, and the Commonwealth Doctrine c. The Commonwealth Doctrine, the executive branch, and the judicial branch WWW.NURSYLAB.COM NURSINGTB.COM Downloaded by: ktownpartier | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year? Ethical and Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Page 29 of 84 d. The Court of Appeal, the Queen, and all statute laws ANS: A Feedback A Correct! The three components of Canada’s government are the judicial branch, or the court system; the executive branch, or the Queen and her ministers, who enforce the law; and the legislative branch, which consists of Parliament and the provincial legislatures. B Incorrect—The Commonwealth Doctrine does not exist. C Incorrect—The Commonwealth Doctrine does not exist. D Incorrect—These are parts of the components, but not the components themselves. DIF: Cognitive level: Comprehension TRUE/FALSE 1. Civil law is a component of common law. ANS: F Feedback Correct Civil law, which is used in Quebec, is a system of law that is different from the common law system. Civil law is based on formally written, or codified, legal rules and principles. The majority of common law, unlike civil law, is not formally NURSIwritten down or codified. The rules and principles in common NGcontained law are TB.COMin an extensive body of precedent. Incorrect This is not a true statement. DIF: Cognitive level: Comprehension 2. A superior court must use, on the basis of common law, the same principles and rules as would an inferior court to decide a case with similar circumstances. ANS: F Feedback Correct An inferior court must use, on the basis of common law, the same principles and rules as would a superior court to decide a case with similar circumstances. An inferior court (usually a trial court) is judicially subordinate to a superior court or an appellate (appeal) court in the hierarchical court structure. The superior court sets the precedent. This is known as the doctrine of stare decisis (“to abide by the decision”). Incorrect This is not a true statement. DIF: Cognitive level: Analysis 3. Provincial or territorial laws, known as “statute laws,” take priority over common law. WWW.NURSYLAB.COM NURSINGTB.COM Downloaded by: ktownpartier | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year? Ethical and Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Page 30 of 84 ANS: T Feedback Correct Statute laws are passed by Parliament or provincial or territorial legislatures, whereas common law is set by the courts over time. Statute laws take priority over common law and may confirm, clarify, alter, limit, or rescind common law as determined by the courts. Incorrect This statement is true. DIF: Cognitive level: Comprehension 4. The Parliament of Canada is the only body that can overturn a ruling by the Supreme Court of Canada. ANS: F Feedback Correct Parliament cannot appeal a decision made by the Supreme Court of Canada, which is the final interpreter of the meaning and scope of the Constitution and the Charter. Its decisions are final until and unless the law is changed or the Constitution is amended to alter or reverse the Court’s interpretation. Incorrect Parliament cannot appeal a decision made by the Supreme Court of Canada, which is the final interpreter of the meaning and scope of the Constitution and the Charter. Its decisions are final until and unless the law is changed or the Constitution is amended to alter or reverse the Court’s interpretation. N R I G B.C M U S N T O DIF: Cognitive level: Comprehension 5. Proof beyond a reasonable doubt exists when the judge or jury is satisfied that, based on the evidence, the accused committed the offence, and there is no real or logically compelling reason to believe otherwise. ANS: T Feedback Correct This statement is true. Incorrect This statement is true. DIF: Cognitive level: Comprehension WWW.NURSYLAB.COM NURSINGTB.COM Downloaded by: ktownpartier | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year? Ethical and Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Page 31 of 84 Chapter 05: Regulation of the Nursing Profession Keatings: Ethical & Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing, 4th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following is an aspect of self-regulation? a. Setting standards of entry into a profession b. Representing coworkers during disciplinary meetings with an employer c. Self-evaluating practice d. Determining expectations regarding scheduling practices ANS: A Feedback A Correct! Self-regulation is a privilege granted to a profession by a provincial or territorial government. Setting standards of entry into the profession is one aspect of self-regulation. B Incorrect—This is usually the responsibility of a labour union. C Incorrect—The “self” in “self-regulation” refers to the profession as a whole, not the individual worker. D Incorrect—Negotiating working conditions is the responsibility of a labour union. DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge 2. Which of the following clarifies N the I R nature G and B.C scope M of nursing practice? U a. A provincial regulatory body S N T O b. A national nursing association c. A nurse practitioner regulation d. The Criminal Code of Canada ANS: A Feedback A Correct! A provincial regulatory body (or the legislation under which it falls) will describe and define the nature and scope of nursing practice. B Incorrect—A national nursing association has no direct regulatory role regarding the nature and scope of nursing practice. C Incorrect—A nurse practitioner regulation identifies the scope of a specific category of nurse but does not clarify the nature and scope of nursing practice. D Incorrect—The Criminal Code of Canada may deal with extreme violations of nursing practice (indictable offenses, such as criminal negligence) but does not clarify the nature and scope of nursing practice. DIF: Cognitive level: Analysis 3. What is the main difference between a two-tier regulatory system for nurses and a single-tier system? a. A two-tier system ensures due process in the complaint resolution process. WWW.NURSYLAB.COM NURSINGTB.COM Downloaded by: ktownpartier | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year? Ethical and Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Page 32 of 84 b. A single-tier system does not deal with complaints about a nurse’s practice. c. A single-tier system is not self-regulatory. d. A two-tier system has a regulatory branch underneath a higher level body. ANS: D Feedback A Incorrect—Whether a system is two-tier or single-tier is irrelevant to due process. B Incorrect—Both single-tier and two-tier systems have mechanisms for managing complaints about a registrant’s practice. C Incorrect—Both single-tier and two-tier systems are based on self-regulation. D Correct! A two-tier system has a regulatory branch underneath a higher level body. The higher level body may be involved with complaints and appeal and may have a broader scope than nursing alone. In a single-tier system, a provincially created regulatory body has a complete legislative mandate. DIF: Cognitive level: Comprehension 4. Which of the following is an objective of a nursing regulatory body? a. The regulation of nursing education b. The promotion and advancement of nursing regulation issues on a national level c. The day-to-day governance of the affairs of the regulatory body d. The support of a high-quality and publicly funded health system ANS: A Feedback NURSINGTB.COM A Correct! Regulating education, nursing roles, scope of practice, entry into the profession, standards of practice, complaints processes, and discipline of members are all objectives of a nursing regulatory body. B Incorrect—This is a national role of the Canadian Nurses Association. C Incorrect—This is the role of the Board of Directors for the regulatory body. D Incorrect—This is a national role of the Canadian Nurses Association. DIF: Cognitive level: Analysis 5. A nurse who continues to practise while under suspension is guilty of which of the following? a. Professional negligence b. Professional incompetence c. Professional misrepresentation d. Professional misconduct ANS: D Feedback A Incorrect—Professional negligence is an error or omission during care, resulting in harm to the client; this does not describe what this nurse is doing. B Incorrect—“Professional incompetence” is not a term used in nursing. C Incorrect—A nurse under suspension is not allowed to practise as a nurse. The person in this context is misrepresenting himself or herself, and this constitutes WWW.NURSYLAB.COM NURSINGTB.COM Downloaded by: ktownpartier | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year? Ethical and Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Page 33 of 84 professional misconduct. D Correct! Under most provincial laws, a nurse who continues to practise while under suspension is guilty of professional misconduct. DIF: Cognitive level: Synthesis 6. Which of the following sequence best describes the investigation process of disciplinary and competency matters? a. Complaint, investigation, interim investigation, disciplinary committee b. Complaint, disciplinary committee, investigation, discipline c. Interim investigation, complaint, investigation, discipline d. Discipline, complaint, interim investigation, investigation ANS: A Feedback A Correct! A written complaint relating to alleged professional misconduct is received by the regulatory body. A preliminary investigation verifies if the complaint is well founded. If the complaint is well founded, it is referred for an interim investigation to a disciplinary committee or professional conduct committee. Before a hearing is scheduled to consider the matter, the disciplinary committee will notify the nurse against whom the claim was brought. After hearing the evidence, the committee will make its decision. B Incorrect—This is not the correct sequence. C Incorrect—This is not the correct sequence. D Incorrect—This is not the correct sequence. NURSINGTB.COM DIF: Cognitive level: Synthesis 7. A nurse teaches an unregulated care provider to administer medication through a nasogastric tube. Which of the following terms describes this nurse’s actions? a. Assignment b. Delegation c. Reassignment d. Regulation ANS: B Feedback A Incorrect—Assignment means assigning skills or tasks that fall within an individual’s scope of practice; this does not describe what this nurse is doing. B Correct! Enabling a nonqualified person (through a prescribed process that includes teaching and supervision) to perform specific controlled acts is referred to as delegation. C Incorrect—Reassignment means to change the assignment of skills or tasks that fall within an individual’s scope of practice; this does not describe what this nurse is doing. D Incorrect—Regulation is not involved in this scenario because the care provider in question is unregulated. WWW.NURSYLAB.COM NURSINGTB.COM Downloaded by: ktownpartier | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year? Ethical and Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Page 34 of 84 DIF: Cognitive level: Application 8. What is the main purpose of having nursing students and nurses seeking employment complete a criminal background check? a. To exclude anyone with a criminal record from practising nursing or entering the profession b. To avoid threats to the safety of vulnerable patients c. To identify those at risk for misappropriating narcotics d. To keep records on the number of nurses with criminal records ANS: B Feedback A Incorrect—Depending on the crime or crimes committed, a nurse with a criminal record may still practise. B Correct! A person would be excluded from the profession of nursing if the criminal record indicates a potential threat to the safety of vulnerable people. C Incorrect—This is not a goal of a criminal background check. D Incorrect—This is not a goal of a criminal background check. DIF: Cognitive level: Analysis 9. Which of the following best describes the differences between registered nurses (RNs) and licensed practical nurses (LPNs)? a. RNs work in complex environments, such as pediatrics, critical care, psychiatry, and dialysis. b. LPNs care for less complex and more predictable client populations. However, this N R I G B.C M U such is dependent on other factors, S Nas T O the environment, their level of knowledge, and access to expert resources. c. Both RNs and LPNs can join the extended class. d. RNs can work in the capacity of an LPN. ANS: B Feedback A Incorrect—With the appropriate education and immediate access to expert resources, LPNs are able to work in complex environments. B Correct! LPNs care for less complex and predictable client populations. C Incorrect—Only RNs can join the extended class. D Incorrect—An RN may fill the position of an LPN position; however, unless they have dual registration, they cannot use that title and are held accountable as an RN. DIF: Cognitive level: Analysis 10. Regulatory bodies have established mandatory reporting requirements that include which of the following? a. When a nurse is terminated as a result of re-structuring b. When a nurse fails a test at the end of the orientation period c. When a nurse engages in a sexual relationship with another member of the team (e.g., a physician) WWW.NURSYLAB.COM NURSINGTB.COM Downloaded by: ktownpartier | [email protected] Want to earn $1.236 Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year? Ethical and Legal Issues in Canadian Nursing 4th Edition Keatings Test Bank Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Page 35 of 84 d. When a nurse makes repeated medication errors and the employer has initiated a disciplinary process ANS: D Feedback A Incorrect—This is a human resource issue and is based on union processes not any practice issues. B Incorrect—This might require an additional learning plan and an extension of orientation for this nurse but, at this point, does not necessarily indicate incompetence. C Incorrect—This is an internal human resource issue if it affects the dynamics of the team. It would also be appropriate for the nurse to disclose this to his or her manager to mitigate any conflict-of-interest concerns. D Correct! Although the College expects to be notified when an employer initiates a disciplinary process, it also expects the employer to manage professional competence and conduct issues through internal human resource processes. DIF: