ETHICS-REVIEWER-LESSON-2.pdf

THE TIME-HONORED ETHICAL THEORIES The greater the pleasure the better Mahalaga ang word na desire kasi ayon yung kailanganmong mak...

THE TIME-HONORED ETHICAL THEORIES The greater the pleasure the better Mahalaga ang word na desire kasi ayon yung kailanganmong makuha para maging pleasurable ang SUMMUM BONUM- HIGHEST GOOD buhay mo Pinaka mataas na ambisyon ng lahat ng tao HEDONIST FORMULA FOR HAPPINEES IS Pinaka pangunahing pangarap mg lahat ng tao The ultimate goal according to which values and priorities are established in an ethical system. For Aristotle the SUMMUM BONUM of life is HAPPINESS. Chrysippus died by laughing on one of his own jokes. “My ethic is: ‘Eat, drink and be merry, for tomorrow 1. ETHICAL RELATIVISIM- An ethical system which we die’. You can be as careful as you want, but you’re claims that there are no universal or absolute moral going to die anyway, so why not have fun?”- Lemmy principles. Kilmister Philosophical doctrine that states that all criteria of Advantage judgment are relative or subject could anyone involved. No regrets Wala siyang universal standard of what is right or wrong Explore life to the fullest The authority of what is right or wrong the person himself Enjoying your life Walang universal truth about morality Disadvantage Walang sinomang grupo or religion, culture or law that Chaotic society would have rights to impose standards on us. Self centered Ako lang ang may alam kung ano ang tama o mali sakin Irresponsibility Every person has his/her standard of what is right or wrong. Too much can develop addiction Therefore, all we need to do is to respect other person standard. The standard of right or wrong are always relative for 3. STOICISM- An ethical system which particular to a culture or society. claims that APATHY and UNDIFFERENCE are RELIGION, HERITAGE, ETHNICITY, GENDER the moral norm. Iba- iba tayo ng pinanggalingan dapat iba-iba rin tayo FAMOUS STOIC ng standard of right/wrong natin Maruc Aurelius Epictetus Seneca 2. HEDONISM- An ethical system which claims that PLEASURE is norm of morality Ang pinaka mahalaga sa siang tao ay kung ano ang pleasurable sa kanya Pleasure means for hedonist it is the satisfaction of desire  The founder of Ancient Greek philosophy of stoicism HOW TO BE A STOIC is ZENO. For the stoics, the happy people are whose happiness Yung taong nag iimplement ng stoicism ang tawag sa is independent from anything outside of them, kanya ay stoic. Genuine happiness comes from within, not from STOIC- You are not easily birden by the problems without. around you An individual who is at peace with himself and Ang tunay na kasiyahan at kahulugan ng buhay para with others achieves mental serenity and is therefore, sa mga stoics ay yung pagtanggi sa mga masasayang happy. bagay na dulot ng mundo at kapag natanggihan mo na doon ka lang makararanas ng real happiness Advantage The pursuance of pleasurable things does not really Pag may dumating na malaking problema sa bring happiness buhay hindi ka madaling mitumba Pleasure for them brings more pain, more Kilala mo yung sarili mo dissatisfaction, more loneliness. Di mo kailangan ng someone para lang sumaya kasi nakaka feel ka ng happiness by having peace of mind Disadvantage Pinipigilan mo yung nararamdaman mo Hindi ka gaanong ka- engaged sa society It can sometimes lead to emotional suppression/difficulty in expressing genuine feelings PEACE OF MIND 4. EPICUREANISM- MODERATE PLEASURE as the APATHEIA- A state of Imperturbability moral norm. Founder of Epicureanism is EPICURUS Meron kang calmness, coolness, buo ka sa sarili mo ‘wag mong iinvalidate yung feelings mo; ‘wag ka rin maging alipin ng feelings mo dapat moderate lang Peace of mind is only attainable by being indifferent to Anything that is taken in excess is bad. So, we pleasure. should avoid extremes and we need to live STOICISM- Disputing the Hedonist’s claim that lasting moderately and pleasurably because happiness is happiness derives from pleasure, the stoics contend that all about moderation. pleasure, as the basis for moral action leads to an endless cycle of dissatisfaction and pains THREE CAUSES OF PAIN 1. Excessive use 2. Abuse 3. Non-Use The Epicureans consider PRUDENCE (careful good judgment to avoid danger or risk) as the highest virtue enables an individual to govern himself by the use of reason. HIGHEST VIRTURE OF: ETHICAL RELATIVISIM- PERSONAL SATISFACTION HEDONISM- PLEASURE STOICISM- PEACE OF MIND EPICUREANISM- PRUDENCE TWO KINDS OF PLEASURE 1. DYNAMIC PLEASURE- Pleasurable things that we do which are accompanied by pain Ex. Immature relationship, gluttony, drinking, drug addiction 2. PASSIVE PLEASURE (dapat pinipurse)- They are not accompanied by pain. Ex. Philosophical conversation, reading books, nature loving THREE KINDS OF DESIRE 1. Natural and Necessary- Desire that refers to our basic needs (food, water, clothing) 2. Natural but Necessary- ex. The desire to have sex is not necessary in order to improve relationship 3. Unnatural and Unnecessary- ex. wealth, pain, smoking, drinking, other vices.