ESHDLY30 - Introduction To Hydrology And Hydrologic Cycle PDF
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NU Dasmariñas
Jan Denniel B. Escaño
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This presentation introduces the fundamental aspects of hydrology, including the water cycle and its various components. It details the different processes involved in the water cycle, such as evaporation and precipitation, and explores storage areas in the atmosphere, soil, surface water, and groundwater. Finally, it briefly touches upon global impacts and human activities impacting the water cycle.
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INTRODUCTION TO HYDROLOGY AND HYDROLOGIC CYCLE ESHDLY30 - Hydrology Engr. Jan Denniel B. Escaño, MEng, SO2, M.PICE INTRODUCTION TO HYDROLOGY Part 1 Engr. Jan Denniel B. Escaño, MEng, SO2, M.PICE DEFINITION HYDROLOGY ✓ study of waters of the Earth su...
INTRODUCTION TO HYDROLOGY AND HYDROLOGIC CYCLE ESHDLY30 - Hydrology Engr. Jan Denniel B. Escaño, MEng, SO2, M.PICE INTRODUCTION TO HYDROLOGY Part 1 Engr. Jan Denniel B. Escaño, MEng, SO2, M.PICE DEFINITION HYDROLOGY ✓ study of waters of the Earth such as its occurrence, circulation, distribution, properties and reaction with environment METEOROLOGY ✓ study of the atmosphere HYDROMETEOROLOGY ✓ study of the waters of the Earth and atmosphere Engr. Jan Denniel B. Escaño, MEng, SO2, M.PICE SOURCES OF WATER ATMOSPHERIC WATER ✓ Includes precipitation such as rain, snow, and hail. Engr. Jan Denniel B. Escaño, MEng, SO2, M.PICE SOURCES OF WATER SURFACE WATER ✓ Water present on Earth's surface (e.g., rivers, lakes, seas, oceans). Engr. Jan Denniel B. Escaño, MEng, SO2, M.PICE SOURCES OF WATER SUBSURFACE WATER ✓ Groundwater found below the Earth's surface. Engr. Jan Denniel B. Escaño, MEng, SO2, M.PICE KEY STATISTICS Global Water Composition: ▪ 97.5% Saltwater ▪ 2.5% Freshwater Freshwater Breakdown: ▪ 68.7% Snow and Ice ▪ 30.9% Groundwater ▪ 0.4% Lakes and Rivers Engr. Jan Denniel B. Escaño, MEng, SO2, M.PICE THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE Part 2 Engr. Jan Denniel B. Escaño, MEng, SO2, M.PICE THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE ▪ The atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding Earth, held by gravity. ▪ Composed of: ▪ Clean Dry Air (78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, 1% Argon and trace gases) ▪ Water Vapor (0-4% by volume) ▪ Impurities such as dust, soot, and other particulates. Engr. Jan Denniel B. Escaño, MEng, SO2, M.PICE ROLE OF WATER VAPOR ▪ Medium for heat transfer in the atmosphere. ▪ Most abundant greenhouse gas, essential for maintaining Earth's energy balance. Engr. Jan Denniel B. Escaño, MEng, SO2, M.PICE LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE Part 3 Engr. Jan Denniel B. Escaño, MEng, SO2, M.PICE LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE ▪ Troposphere (0-10 km): Weather phenomena and climate occur here. ▪ Stratosphere (10-50 km): Contains the ozone layer. ▪ Mesosphere (50-90 km): Meteors burn up in this layer. ▪ Thermosphere (90-120 km): Contains auroras and the ionosphere. ▪ Exosphere (>120 km): Transition to outer space. Engr. Jan Denniel B. Escaño, MEng, SO2, M.PICE INTRODUCTION TO HYDROLOGIC CYCLE Part 4 Engr. Jan Denniel B. Escaño, MEng, SO2, M.PICE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE ▪ The hydrologic cycle describes how water moves, is stored, and transforms within the Earth's system. Engr. Jan Denniel B. Escaño, MEng, SO2, M.PICE STORAGE AREAS ✓ Atmosphere (as vapor) ✓ Soil (as moisture) ✓ Surface water (lakes, oceans, rivers) ✓ Plants and animals ✓ Groundwater (aquifers) Engr. Jan Denniel B. Escaño, MEng, SO2, M.PICE PROCESSES ▪ Evaporation: Liquid to vapor from surfaces. ▪ Transpiration: Vapor from plants. Engr. Jan Denniel B. Escaño, MEng, SO2, M.PICE PROCESSES ▪ Condensation: Vapor to liquid (clouds). ▪ Precipitation: Rain, snow, hail, etc. Engr. Jan Denniel B. Escaño, MEng, SO2, M.PICE PROCESSES ▪ Runoff: Flow over land to bodies of water. ▪ Infiltration: Water entering soil. ▪ Groundwater Flow: Movement within soil and rocks. Engr. Jan Denniel B. Escaño, MEng, SO2, M.PICE WATER TRANSFORMATION IN THE CYCLE ▪ Liquid to Gas: Evaporation, Transpiration ▪ Gas to Liquid: Condensation, Precipitation ▪ Gas to Solid: Frost formation, hail ▪ Solid to Liquid: Snowmelt, ice melting Engr. Jan Denniel B. Escaño, MEng, SO2, M.PICE GLOBAL IMPACTS ON THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE Part 5 Engr. Jan Denniel B. Escaño, MEng, SO2, M.PICE CLIMATE CHANGE ▪ Rising temperatures increase evaporation and disrupt precipitation patterns. ▪ More frequent extreme weather events (droughts, storms). Engr. Jan Denniel B. Escaño, MEng, SO2, M.PICE HUMAN ACTIVITIES ▪ Urbanization increases runoff and reduces infiltration. ▪ Deforestation decreases transpiration. ▪ Pollution affects water quality in every part of the cycle. Engr. Jan Denniel B. Escaño, MEng, SO2, M.PICE END OF PART 1 OF DISCUSSION Floor is now open for questions. Engr. Jan Denniel B. Escaño, MEng, SO2, M.PICE
