Error Identification Exercises PDF

Ex1: Christmas gifts **are** served as a token of love and appreciation and it is a special way to celebrate family and friendship, to capture a **treasuring** memory and make people smile **at** this festive occasion. The tradition of exchanging gifts at Christmas **dating** back thousands of year...

Ex1: Christmas gifts **are** served as a token of love and appreciation and it is a special way to celebrate family and friendship, to capture a **treasuring** memory and make people smile **at** this festive occasion. The tradition of exchanging gifts at Christmas **dating** back thousands of years to Roman times and developed over the centuries **in** the huge industry that we know today. Before buying Christmas gifts, it is very necessary to keep in mind the person **for** whom the gift is presented, **although** it is special present for a close friend or a corporate gift for business customers. Nowadays, people can find specific Christmas gifts for Mom, Dad, the kids or close friends. It can also be **a** great fun, especially if you get the kids **to involve** too. A home-made gift is a reflection of one's own unique personality and the creativity will become a cherished treasure for the receiver. Thus, before giving a Christmas gift, consider selecting it **by** a creative and meaningful way. ***Your answer:*** **Line** **Mistake** **Correction** **Line** **Mistake** **Correction** ---------- ------------- ---------------- ---------- ------------- ---------------- 1 are O 2 treasuring treasured 2 at on 10 a O 4 in into 10 to involve to involved 6 for to 12 by in 7 although whether 2 date dated Ex2: The Winterthur Museum is a collection and a house. There are many museums [**devoting**] to the decorative arts and many house museums, but **rare** in the United States is a great collection displayed in a great country house. Passing through successive **generation** of a single family, Winterthur has been a private estate for more than a century. Even after the extensive renovations made to it between 1929 and 1931, the house remained a family residence. This fact is of **important** to the atmosphere and effect of the museum. The impression of a lived-in house is apparent to the visitor: the rooms look as if they were vacated only a short while ago whether by the original owners of the furniture or the most **recently** residents of the house can be a matter of personal interpretation. Winterthur **remain**, then, a house in which a collection of furniture and architectural elements has been assembled. Like an English country house, it is an organic structure; the house, as well as the collection and manner of **display** it to the visitor, has changed over the years. The changes have coincided **for** developing concepts of the American arts, increased knowledge on the part of collectors and students, and a progression toward the achievement of a **historic** effect in period-room displays. The rooms at Winterthur have followed this current, yet still retained the character of a private house. The concept of a period room as a display technique has **been** developed gradually over the years in an effort to present works of art in a context that would show them to greater effect and would give them more meaning for the viewer. Comparable to the habitat group in a natural history museum, the period room represents the decorative arts in a lively and interesting manner and **provide** an opportunity to assemble objects related by style, date, or place of manufacture. ***Your answers:*** **LINE** **MISTAKE** **CORRECTION** **LINE** **MISTAKE** **CORRECTION** --- ---------- ------------- ---------------- ---- ---------- ------------- ---------------- 2 Rare Rarely 6 14 historic historical 2 3 generation Generations 7 12 display Displaying 3 6 important Importance 8 13 for with 4 9 Recently recent 9 17 been 0 5 9 remain remains 10 21 provide Provides **Ex3:** Birds that feed **[on]** flocks commonly retire together into roosts. The reasons for roosting **commune** are not always obvious, but there are some likely **benefit**. In winter especially, it is important for birds to keep **warmth** at night and conserve precious food reserves. One way to do this is to find **the** sheltered roost. Solitary roosters shelter in dense vegetation and enter a cavity- horned larks dig holes in the ground **and** ptarmigan burrow into snow banks - but the effect of **shelter** is magnified by several birds huddling together in the roosts, as wrens, swifts, brown creepers, bluebirds, and anis **can**. Body contact reduces the surface area **exposing** to the cold air, so the birds keep each other warm. Two kinglets huddling together **was** found to reduce their heat losses **with** a quarter and three together saved a third of their heat. ***Your answers:*** **LINE** **MISTAKE** **CORRECTION** **LINE** **MISTAKE** **CORRECTION** --- ---------- ------------- ---------------- ---- ---------- ------------- ---------------- 1 2 commune communally 6 7 can do 2 1 benefit benefits 7 7 exposing exposed 3 3 warmth warm 8 8 was were 4 4 the a 9 9 with by 5 5 and or 10 6 shelter sheltering Ex4: Less than 40 years ago, tourism was encouraged as an unquestionable good. With the arrival of **pack** holidays and charter flights, tourism could at last be **enjoyable** by the masses. Yet one day, it **seemed** feasible that there will be no more tourists. There will be 'adventurers', 'fieldwork assistants', 'volunteers' and, of course, 'travelers'. But the term 'tourist' will **extinct**. There might be those **which** quietly slip away to foreign lands for nothing other than pure pleasure, but it will be a **secretive** and frowned **at** activity. No one will want to own up to **be** *one of those.* In fact, there are already a few countries prohibiting tourists **against** entering certain areas where the **adversity** effects of tourism have already struck. Tourists have **charged** with bringing nothing with them but their money and wreaking havoc with the local environment. ***Your answers:*** **LINE** **MISTAKE** **CORRECTION** **LINE** **MISTAKE** **CORRECTION** --- ---------- ------------- ---------------- ---- ---------- ------------- ---------------- 1 2 pack package 6 9 be being 2 2 enjoyable enjoyed 7 9 against from 3 5 extinct be extinct 8 3 seemed seems 4 6 secretive secret 9 8 adversity adverse 5 6 at upon 10 8 charged been charged Ex5: Stress is often called the 21st century illness but it has always been with us if perhaps with different names. Those days we regard stress **is** a necessary evil of modern living. Yet stress is not negative and without it we **will** not enjoy some of the highpoints in life **just** as the anticipation before a date or the tension leading up to an important match. All these situations produce stress but **unless** you can control it and not the other way around you will feel stimulated, not worn out.Unlike these situations, **what** are generally positive and easier to deal with, sitting in a train that is late, being stuck in a traffic jam, working to a tight deadline are **more** harder to manage and control. Stress is now recognised as a medical problem and as a signficant factor in causing coronary heart disease, high **blooded** pressure and a high cholesterol count. Patients are often unwilling to admit to stress problems **although** they feel they are a form of social failure and it is important that symptoms are identified in order to avoid unnecessary suffering. So **why** should we be looking out for as danger signals? Common signs of stress are increased tiredness, irritability and the inability to **solve** with certain situations. ***Your answers:*** **LINE** **MISTAKE** **CORRECTION** **LINE** **MISTAKE** **CORRECTION** --- ---------- ------------- ---------------- ---- ---------- ------------- ---------------- 1 3 will would 6 9 blooded blood 2 3 just much 7 10 although because 3 5 unless if 8 12 why what 4 6 what which 9 14 solve deal 5 8 more much 10 2 is are Ex6: The horse and carriage is a thing of the past, but love and marriage are still with us and still closely **interrelating**. Most American marriages, **particular** first marriages uniting young people, are the result of mutual attraction and affection rather than practical **consideration**. In the United States, parents do not arrange marriages for their children. Teenagers begin **date** in high school and usually find mates through their own academic and social contacts. Though young people feel free to choose their friends from different groups, **almost** choose a mate of similar background. This is due in part to parental guidance. Parents can't select spouses **for** their children, but they can usually influence choices by voicing disapproval for someone they consider unsuitable. However, marriages **of** members of different groups ( interclass, interfaith, and interracial marriages) are increasing, probably because of the greater **mobile** of today's youth and the fact that they are restricted by fewer prejudices **as** their parents. Many young people leave their hometowns to attend college, serve in the armed forces, or pursue a career in a bigger city. **One** away from home and family, they are more likely to date and marry outside their own social group. ***Your answer*** **LINE** **MISTAKE** **CORRECTION** **LINE** **MISTAKE** **CORRECTION** --- ---------- --------------- ---------------- ---- ---------- ------------- ---------------- 1 2 interrelating interrelation 6 8 for of 2 2 particular particularly 7 10 of between 3 3 consideration considerations 8 11 mobile mobility 4 5 date dating 9 12 as than 5 6 almost most 10 13 one once Ex7 Although speech is the most **advance** form of communication, there are many ways of communication without using speech. Signals, signs, symbols and gestures may be **find** in every known culture. The basic function of a signal is to **impinging** on the environment in such **way** that it attracts attention **as** the dots and the dashes of a telegraph circuit. **Coding** to refer to speech, the potential for communication is very great. Less adaptable to the codification of words, signs also contain meaning in and of themselves. A stop sign or a barber pole conveys meaning quickly and conveniently. Symbols are more difficult to describe than signals and signs because of **its** relationship with the receiver\'s cultural perceptions. In some cultures, applauding in a theatre provides **performances** with an auditory symbol of approval. Gestures such as waving and handshaking also communicate some certain cultural **message**. Although signals, signs, symbols and gestures are very useful, they do have a major disadvantage. They usually do not allow ideas to **share** without the sender being directly adjacent to the receiver. ***Your answers:*** **LINE** **MISTAKE** **CORRECTION** **LINE** **MISTAKE** **CORRECTION** --- ---------- ------------- ---------------- ---- ---------- -------------- ---------------- 1 1 advance advanced 6 8 its themselves 2 2 find found 7 10 performances performers 3 3 impinging impinge 8 11 message messages 4 4 way a way 9 4 as like 5 5 coding coded 10 13 share shared Ex8: Since the world became **industrial**, the number of animal species that either have become extinct or have **near** extinction has increased. Bengal tigers, for instance, which once had roamed the jungles in **their** vast number, now number only about 2,300. By the year **2005**, it is estimated that they would become extinct. What is **alarmed** about the case of the Bengal tiger is that this extinction **will** have been caused almost entirely by poachers, who according to some **resources**, are not always interested in material gain but in **impersonal** gratification. This is an example of the callousness that is **contributed** to the problem of extinction. Animals, such as the Bengal tiger, as well as other dangerous species, are valuable parts of the world's ecosystem. International laws protecting these animals must be **acted** to ensure their survival -- and the survival of our planet. ***Your answers:*** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTIONS** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTIONS** ---------------- ----------------- ---------------- ----------------- 1\. industrial industrialized 6\. alarmed alarming 2\. near neared 7\. impersonal personal 3\. their 0 8\. resources sources 4\. would will 9.contributed contributing 5\. 2005 of 2005 10.acted enacted Ex9: Most people are afraid from sharks, but they usually do not know very much about them. For example, there are 350 kinds of sharks, and all of them are **eaters meat**. Some sharks are very big. The whale shark is 50 **and** 60 feet long. But some sharks are very small. The dwarf shark is only 6 inches long. Sharks are 100 million **yea**r old. In fact, they lived at the same time **with** dinosaurs. Today, sharks live in every ocean in the world, but most sharks live in warm water. They keep the oceans **cleaning** because they eat stick fish and animals. Most sharks have four or six **lines** of teeth. When a shark's tooth falls out another tooth moves in from **before**. Sharks do not have ears. However, they "hear" sounds and movements in the water. Any sound or movement **causes** the water vibrate. Sharks can feel these vibrations, and they help the sharks find food. Sharks use their large eyes to find food, too. Most sharks see **wellest** in low light. They often hunt for food at dawn, in the evening, or in the middle of the night. Scientists want to learn more about sharks for several reasons. For example, cancer is common in many animals, including people. However, it is rare in sharks. Scientists want to find out **what** sharks almost never get cancer. Maybe this information can help people prevent cancer, too. ***Your answers:*** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTIONS** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTIONS** ----------------- ----------------- -------------- ----------------- 1\. eaters meat meat eaters 6\. before behind 2\. and to 7\. causes makes 3\. with as 8\. wellest best 4\. cleaning clean 9.what why 5\. lines rows 10.year years Ex10: All at once it was night. The track was [grass] and even in daylight showed up **hard** at all against the moor, so it was difficult to keep on it now. If only I had been a smoker with **match** always to hand, or if my torch had been in my pocket instead of in the suitcase, I must have walked with more assurance. As it was, I was **terrifying** of hurling over the edge **in** the cliff to the rock below. When I did stray, however, **they** was towards the hills. I felt my feet squelching and sticking in something soggy. There was no bog to my **knowledges** near the track, so I **must** have wandered **the** long way off my course. I extricated myself with difficulty and very **cautious** edged myself towards the sound of the sea. Then I bumped **in** a little clump of trees that suddenly loomed up behind me. ***Your answers:*** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTIONS** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTIONS** ---------------- ----------------- -------------- ----------------- 1\. hard hardly 6.knowledged knowledge 2\. match matches 7\. must could 3\. terrifying terrified 8\. the a 4\. in of 9.cautious cautiously 5\. they it 10.in into Ex11: Crime **preventing** is as crucial in the workplace as it is in the home or neighbourhood. Reducing crime is as much a part of good management as prompt delivery, good staff relations, and other **acceptable** management functions. **Losses** from shops through shoplifting are extremely high and utimately, those losses are **payment** for by all of us in high prices. There are many opportunities for shopkeepers themselves to reduce shoplifting. As with all types of **criminal**, prevention is better than cure. The best deterrent is the **present** of staff properly trained in how to identify potential shoplifters. There are also many **secure** devices now available. Video camera surveillance is a popular system, even with quite small retailers. In clothes **shopping**, magnetic tag marking systems that set off an alarm if they are taken out of the shop have proved their **worthless**. However, there are many simpler measures that retailers should consider. Better lighting and ceiling-hung mirrors can help staff to watch all parts of the display area. Similarly, **simply** **arrangement** shelves and display units to allow clear fields of **visible** is a good deterrent ***Your answer:*** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTIONS** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTIONS** ---------------- ----------------- ---------------- ----------------- 1\. preventing prevention 6\. shopping shops 2\. losses lost 7\. worthless worth 3\. present Presence 8\. acceptable accepted 4\. criminal crime 9\. payment paid 5\. secure security 10\. visible vision Ex12: After **inventing** dynamite, Swedish-born Alfred Nobel became **very** rich man. **Therefore**, he foresaw its universally destructive powers too late. Nobel preferred not to **remember** as the inventor of dynamite, so in 1895, just two weeks before his death, he created a fund to be used for **rewarding** prizes to people who had made worthwhile contributions to mankind. Originally there were five awards: literature, physics, chemistry, medicine, and peace. **Economy** was added in 1968, just sixty-seven years after the first award ceremony. Nobel's original legacy of nine millions **dollars** was invested, and the interest **in** this sum is used for the awards which vary from 30,000 to 125,000. Every year on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death, the awards (gold medal, illuminated diploma, and money) is presented to the winners. Sometimes politics plays an important role in the **judges** decisions. Americans have won numerous science awards, but relatively few literature prizes. No awards were presented from 1940 to 1942 at the beginning of World War II. Some people have won two prizes, but this is **scarce**; others have shared their prizes. ***Your answer:*** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTIONS** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTIONS** --------------- ----------------- --------------------- ------------------- 1\. inventing having invented 6\. economy economics 2\. very a very 7\. dollars dollar 3\. Therefore However 8\. in on 4\. remember remembered 9\. judges decision judges's decision 5\. rewarding awarding 10.scarce rare Ex13: Human memory happens in many parts of the brain ***[in]*** once, and some types of memories stick around longer than other. It was **formally** believed to be rather inefficient, however, it is really more sophisticated than that of a computer. Researchers **approached** the problem from a variety of point of view have all concluded that there is a great deal more **store** in our minds than has been generally supposed. Dr. Wilder Penfield, a Canadian neurosurgeon, proved that by stimulating their brains electrically he could elicit the total recall of specific events in his subjects' **life.** The memory trace is the term for whatever is the internal representation of the specific information about the event stored in the memory. Assumed to have been done by structural changes in the brain, the memory trace is not subject **for** direct observation but is rather a theoretical construct that we use to speculate about how information presented at a later time. **Almost** theories include the strength of the memory trace as a **variable** in the degree of learning, retention, and retrieval possible for a memory. One theory is that it is the result of an **limited** combination of interconnections between brain information that support recall. Or, to put it **other** way, improved performance is the result of strengthening the chemical **bond** in the memory. ***Your answer:*** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTIONS** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTIONS** ---------------- ----------------- -------------- ----------------- 1\. approached approaching 6\. for to 2\. formally formerly 7\. almost most 3\. other another 8\. variable variety 4\. store stored 9\. limited unlimited 5\. life lives 10\. bond bonds Ex14: The Thames Barrier is a major part of the flood **[defending]** scheme for protecting London against **rise** water levels. The defenses also include raised river embankments and additional flood gates at strategic points, including the Barking Barrier. The unique structure that **are** the Barrier spans the 520-metre wide Woolwich reach and **consist** of 10 separate movable gates, each pivoting and supported between concrete structures which house the operating **machinery**. When **raising**, the four main gates each stands as high as a five-storey building and as wide as the opening of Tower Bridge. Each **weights** 3700 tonnes. During the first twelve years of operation, the Barrier has **closed** twenty-nine times to protect London.   View the Barrier from the comfortable cafeteria. Picnic at the riverside embankment. Enjoy beautiful views from the riverside walk. Visit the shop **stocks** a large selection of souvenirs, books and Barrier information.   There is a **children** play area suitable for 4-to-12-**year olds**, located adjacent **near** the riverside walk. A visit to the spectacular Thames Barrier is a memorable experience ***Your answer:*** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTIONS** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTIONS** -------------- ----------------- -------------------- ----------------- 1\. rise rising 6\. closed been closed 2\. raising raised 7\. stocks that stocks 3\. are is 8\. children play children's play 4\. consist consists 9\. year olds years old 5\. weights weighs 10\. adjacent near adjacent to Ex15: The position of sport in today's society has changed out of all **recognization**. People no longer seem to think **about** sport as 'just a game' -- to be watched or played for the sake of enjoyment. Instead, it has become **large** business worldwide. It has become accepted practice for **heading** companies to provide sponsorship. TV companies pay large sums of money to screen important matches. The result has been huge financial **awards** for athletes, some of **them** are now very wealthy, particularly top football players, golfers and tennis players. In addition, it is not **usual** for some athletes to receive large fees on top of their salary, for advertising products or making **individual** appearances. A trend towards shorter working hours **mean** that people generally tend to have more free time, both to watch and to take part in **sport** activity. ***Your answer:*** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTIONS** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTIONS** ------------------- ----------------- ---------------- ----------------- 1\. recognization recognition 6\. individual personal 2\. about of 7\. them whom 3\. large big 8\. usual unusual 4\. heading leading 9\. mean means Ex16: If there is one characteristic of British work in the arts that seems to stand out is its **shortage** of identification with wider intellectual trends. Playwrights and directors can be left-wing in their political **look-out**, but the plays they produce rarely convey a straightforward message. The same is largely true of British novelists and poets. Their writing is naturalistic and is not connected **to** particular intellectual movements. The theatre **had** always been very strong in Britain, especially in London. The country's most successful playwrights are those who explore the darker side of the personality and of personal relationships. In contrast, the cinema in Britain is often regarded as not quite part of the arts **in all**, it is simply entertainment. Britain is unique **between** the large European countries in giving **mostly** no financial help to **their** film industry. Classical music is also a minority interest. British seem **disinterested** in high education, they watch lots of television, but are enthusiastic readers. The vast majority of books **reading** in Britain are not classified as serious literature. ***Your answer:*** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTIONS** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTIONS** -------------- ----------------- ------------------- ----------------- 1\. shortage lack 6\. in all at all 2\. look-out outlook 7\. between among 3\. to with 8\. their its 4\. had has 9\. disinterested uninterested 5\. mostly almost 10\. reading read Ex17: The shift from silent to sound film [in] the end of the 1920 marks, so far, the most important transformation in motion picture history. Despite all the highly visible technological developments in theatrical and home delivery of the moved image that have occurred over the decades since then, no single innovation has come closely to being regarded as a similar kind of watershed. In nearly every language, however the words are phrased, the most basic division in cinema history lies in films that are mute and films that speak. Yet this most fundamental standard of historic periodization conceals a host of paradoxes. Nearly every movie theater, although modest, had a piano or organ to provide musical accompaniment to silent pictures. In many instances, spectators in the era before recording sound experienced elaborate aural presentations alongside movies\' visual images, from the Japanese benshi (narrators) crafting multivoiced dialogue narrative to originally musical compositions performed by symphony-size orchestras in Europe and the United States. Beyond that, the triumph of recorded sound has overshadowed the rich diversity of technological and aesthetic experiments with the visual image that were going forward simultaneously in the 1920s. New color processes, larger or differently shaped screen sizes, multiple-screen projections, even television, were among the developments invented or tried out during the period, sometimes with startle success. ***Your answer:*** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTIONS** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTIONS** -------------- ----------------- ---------------- ----------------- 1.1920 1920s 6\. although however 2\. moved moving 7\. recording recorded 3\. closely close 8\. narrative naratives 4\. in between 9\. originally original 5\. historic historical 10.startle startling Ex18: A **[feminine]** is a person, usually a woman, who believes that women should be regarded as **equally** to men. She, or he, deplores discrimination against women in the home, place of work or anywhere, and her **principle** enemy is the male chauvinist, who believes that men are naturally **super**. Tired of being referred to as "the weaker sex", women are becoming more and more **militancy** and are winning the age-old battle of the sexes. They are sick to death of **sexy** jokes which poke fun at women. They are no longer content to be regarded as second - class citizens in term of economic, political and social status. They criticize beauty contests and the use of **glamour** female models in advertisements which they describe as the **exploit** of female beauty, since women in these situations **were** represented as mere sExobjects. We no longer live in the **male -- dominate** societies of the past. Let us hope, **moreover**, that the revolution stops before we have a boring world in which sExdoesn't make much difference. We already have unisExhairdressers and fashions. What next? -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- --------------- ---------------- **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** 1 equally equal 6 glamour glamourous 2 principle principal 7 exploit exploitation 3 super superior 8 were was 4 militancy militant 9 male-dominate male-dominated 5 sexy sexist 10 moreover however -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- --------------- ---------------- Ex19: An environmental history of mankind would have to be a history of the exploitation of abundant natural resources, the **spiral** demand for these resources, and their inevitable depletion. As humanity spread **over** the globe, leaving colonies in **their** wake, essential resources such as coal, oil, and even fresh water were extracted through industrial mining and manufacturing operations that had a massive impact on the earth itself. **That** was once a plethora of riches has inexorably declined, and entrepreneurs are now looking **into** the limits of land, sea, and sky; the new target is the stars and, more **especially**, asteroids. Spinning around the Sun are tens of thousands of asteroids, and scientists **have** convinced that these mountain-like formations contain a treasure trove of minerals and metals. The asteroid 16 Psyche has enough iron-nickel ore to sustain the Earth for several million years. Even a comparatively small asteroid could contain more than 2,000 million metric tons of serviceable mineral-metal reserves. In addition, some asteroids have a high ice content which means that they could be an economically viable source of fresh water. Large --scale mining of asteroids is possibly the key **to solve** many of our escalating environmental problems. Any mining venture contains an element of risk, however. Asteroids have traditionally been considered **dead** perils lurking out in the dark depths of space, **bided** their time before smashing headlong into our insignificant planet. In order to transplant mining operations from the Earth to the stars, we need to find solutions to extensive safety and logistical problems. -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** 1 spiral spiraling 6 especially specifically 2 over across 7 have are 3 their its 8 to solve solving 4 That What 9 dead deadly 5 into beyond 10 bided biding -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- Ex20: Human and primates, the family of apes, gorillas, and chimpanzees, among others, **divide** many common traits. While primates are deemed the most intelligent of animals, most researchers **believed** they lack the capacity to produce language. However, a research project in the 1970s at **University** of Georgia showed promise that chimpanzees have the ability to learn a certain language, just **as** human children do. The project used several chimpanzees as test subjects **in** which Lana , a female chimp was the **study focus**.**Though** the primates lack the vocal construct ions to make human speech patterns, the researchers created a language called Yerkish, using lexigram made **up** of symbols that represent sounds and words. 125 symbols were placed on a keyboard, **which** Lana was taught how to use the board to communicate with the researchers. She successfully expressed her thoughts by pressing different keys in succession. In some cases, she used up to seven **at** times. -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** 1 divide share 6 study focus study's focus 2 believed have believed 7 though since 3 University the University 8 up O 4 as like 9 which and 5 in among 10 at O -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- Ex21: Many people want to know whether cycling is better than running or walking as an exercise for health or weight loss. Not **surprising**, it turns out that all three activities are excellent forms of exercise. While they are similar in **which** they are all rhythmic aerobic activities working large muscle masses, there are also significant differences. In general, **in** the three, running burns more calories per minute. **Considering** a person who weighs 150 pounds. According to the National Academy of Exercise, this person running at an average pace with seven minutes per mile **burn** approximately 1,000 calories per hour. This compares to about 850 calories per hour for cycling **at modest** speed of 16 --19 miles per hour, **and** just 360 calories per hour for walking 15-minute miles, which is considered average speed. While running might be more efficient at burning calories than either cycling and walking, it also leads to significantly more injuries, especially **ones** of the knees and other **joint**. Both cycling and walking are much gentler on the body. All three activities improve aerobic fitness, which is closely linked to a **reducing** risk of chronic disease and longer life span. -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** 1 surprising surprisingly 6 at modest at a modest 2 which that 7 and or 3 in of 8 ones those 4 Considering Consider 9 joint joints 5 burn burns 10 reducing reduced -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- Ex22: Among all the abilities with which an individual may be endowed musical talent appear earliest in life. Very young children can exhibit musical precocity for different reasons. Some develop exceptional skill as a result of a well-designed instructed regime, such as the Suzuki method for the violin. Some have the good fortune to be born into a musical family in a household filled of music. In the number of interesting cases, musical talent is part of an otherwise disabled condition such as autism or mental retardation. A musically gifted child has an inborn talent; however, the extent to what the talent is expressed publicly will depend upon the environment in which the child lives. Musically gifted children master at an early age the principal elements of music, include pitch and rhythm. Pitch - or melody - is more central in certain culture, for example, in Eastern societies that make use of tiny quarter-tone intervals. Rhythm, sounds produced at certain auditory frequencies and groups according to a prescribed system, are emphasized in sub-Saharan Africa, where the rhythmic ratios can be very complex. -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- **No** **Mistakes** **Correction** **No** **Mistakes** **Correction** 1 appear appears 6 what which 2 instructed instructional 7 include including 3 of with 8 culture cultures 4 the (number) a(number) 9 groups grouped 5 disabled disabling 10 are is -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- Ex23: Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, **a** number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human **well-beings**. Much has been written about the diversity of terrestrial organisms, particularly the exceptionally rich life **associate** with tropical rain-forest habitats. Relatively little has been said, however-, about diversity of life in the sea even though coral reef systems are **comparative** to rain forests in terms of richness of life. The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests **do not** seem surprising, considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species. One scientist found many different species of ants **in** just one tree in a rain forest. While every species is different from every other species, their genetic makeup **constraints** them to be insects and to share similar **characters** with 750,000 species of insects. If basic, broad categories such as phyla and classes are given more emphasis than differentiating **among** species, then the greatest diversity of life is **questionable** the sea. Nearly every major type of plant and animal has some representation there. -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ----------------- **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** 1 A The 6 in from 2 well-beings well-being 7 constraints constrains 3 associate associated 8 characters characteristics 4 comparative comparable 9 among between 5 do not does not 10 questionable unquestionably -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ----------------- Ex24: The Chinese are very generous when it comes **from** the education of their children. **No** caring about the money, parents often send their children to the best schools or even abroad to England, the United States or Australia. They also want their children to take extra- course activities **which** they will either learn a musical instrument or ballet, or other classes which will give them a head start in life. The Chinese believe that the **most** expensive an education is, the better it is. So parents will spend an unreasonable amount of money on education. Even poor couples will buy a computer for their son or daughter. However, what most parents fail to see is that the best early education they can give their children is usually very cheap. Parents can see that their children's skills vary, skilled in some areas while poor in **the** others. What most parents fail to realize, though, is that **today** children lack self-respect and self-confidence. The problem is that parents are only educating their children on how to take multiple-choice tests and how to study well, but parents are not teaching them the most important skills they need to be confident, happy, and clever. Parents can achieve this by teaching practical skills **as** cooking, sewing, and doing **another** housework. Teaching a child to cook will improve **much** of the skills that he will need later in life. Cooking demands patience and time. It is an enjoyable but difficult experience. A good cook always tries to improve his cooking, so he will learn to work hard and gradually finish his job successfully. His result, a **well-cook** dinner, will give him much satisfaction and a lot of self-confidence. -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** 1 from to 6 today today's 2 No Not 7 as like 3 which where/in which 8 another other 4 most more 9 much many 5 the O 10 well-cook well-cooked -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- Ex25: Have you ever tried a strawberry pizza? If you went to Oxnard, the \"Strawberry Capital of California,\" in May, you could! Oxnard is in Southern California and **the** part of the state takes its strawberries very **serious**. At the two-day California Strawberry Festival you can sample strawberries prepared in all **kinds** of ways. In addition to traditional **treatment** such as strawberry shortcake, strawberry jam, strawberry tarts and strawberries dipped **into** chocolate, there is strawberry pizza! This dessert pizza is topped with strawberries, sour cream, cream cheese and whipped cream on a **sweetened** bread baked like a pizza. Strawberry kabobs dipped in powdered sugar are another delicacy. And drinks like a strawberry smoothie can wash it all **away**. Strawberries are **a** big business in Oxnard. Twenty-four companies harvest and cool nearly 16 million trays of berries, which are shipped throughout North America as **long** as to Germany and Japan. The festival, which attracts more than 85,000 visitors, features three stages with musical entertainment, 335 arts and **crafting** exhibits, strolling musicians, clowns, artists, face-painting, contests, and a \"Strawberry land\" for children with puppets, magicians, musicians, and a petting zoo. -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- ---------------- ---------------- **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** 1 the this 6 sweetened sweet 2 serious seriously 7 away down 3 kinds sorts 8 a big business big business 4 treatment treats 9 long far 5 into in 10 crafting crafts -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- ---------------- ---------------- Ex26: It is an accepted part of everyday **nostalgic** to assume that in the past food was somehow better than it is today. The fruit and vegetables were more naturally **grow** and this was not seen as an extra bonus which added ten per **sent** on to the price. Most food was fresh, not frozen, and you had the chance to examine it to see whether you wanted it. When you went shopping you could ask for exactly what piece of meat you wanted and see the butcher **to cut** it instead of finding it ready-wrapped in plastic. And your local **trademan** soon, got to know what you wanted, and provided it for you; otherwise he would have gone out of business. Of course, unless we invent time-travel we shall never know whether this is all true. Survivors from those distant days naturally tend to dislike today\'s **convenient** foods, and to prefer the Good Old Days when a joint of beef filled the oven, produced thick red juice instead of water when cooked, and cost the same as a can of Coke. What is always forgotten is that then as now the **quantity** of your food depended very much upon who you were, how well-off you happened to be, and where you lived. Shopping then demanded considerable skills, and shoppers had to be able to tell the fresh from the not so fresh. **Their** was no **sell-buy** date to act as a guide. If you were hard up then frozen meat and canned foods would have been **in** the menu, just as they are today. -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** 1 nostalgic nostalgia 6 convenient convenience 2 grow grown 7 quantity quality 3 sent cent 8 their there 4 to cut cutting/ cut 9 sell-buy sell-by 5 trademan tradesman 10 in on -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- Ex27: Adolescence always has been and always will be the very difficult time in life. You are lost **where** between childhood and adulthood, but still, this is the time in life when you have to break **freely** from the conformity of your peers to find yourself. Some people argue that it's more difficult to be young today than it used to be. Is this true, and in that case, why? In modern society teenagers **pressure** to mature much more quickly than one or two hundred years ago. Today, minors on a very early stage have to make decisions **regard** education, often bearing upon their future careers. In the past, children were expected to follow in the footsteps of their parents, that is to say, the son was supposed to take **in** the profession of his father, while the daughter was expected to stay at home to take care of domestic duties such as cooking and cleaning. Furthermore, today it's much more difficult to find your place in society. As cities grow, crime increases, and the anonymity people **experiment** grows as well. It becomes more difficult to find and cultivate your own ideals and **value.** On the other hand, the adolescent of today have **great** opportunities than ever before. In the past, if your father was a blacksmith or a farmer, in ten years, so **you would** be. Today, teenagers have the possibility to fulfil **in** all their dreams and ambitions. -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** 1 the a 6 experiment experience 2 where somewhere 7 value values 3 freely free 8 great greater 4 pressure are pressured 9 you would would you 5 in up 10 in O -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- Ex28: Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are produced any time an electric current runs through a wire or an appliance. Wherever you find electricity, you will find EMFs. In **today** electrical environment, EMFs are everywhere. Atlantic Gas & Electric has detected them near power **generations**, around radio and transmission stations, under power lines, and near electrical outlets, lights, office equipment and computer terminals. The idea that electromagnetic fields could be dangerous to your health **is** entirely new. Soviet scientists began reporting on them as early as 1972 when they noticed that switchyard workers who were regularly **exposed** high levels of electromagnetic fields near the Omsk Power Station experienced strange health effects. There were **increasing** levels of heart disease, nervous disorders, and blood pressure changes, **as long as** recurring headaches, fatigue, stress and chronic depression. Today, power companies cannot avoid the EMF issue. Medical evidence has taken it to the fore. Concerned citizens have effectively **organized** themselves to attract the attention of the **medium**, their public officials and, in one instance, the management of the Oakville Power Authority. Their goal is to identify the EMF problem clearly, target their objectives carefully, then make their demands **known as** the Public Utilities Commission. If enough reports reach the Commission, it will become clear that these are not isolated instances. Citizens must demand that utility companies prove there is a strong need to put **through** more power lines in residential neighborhoods. -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** 1 today today\'s 6 as long as as well as 2 generations generators 7 organized brought 3 is is not 8 medium media 4 exposed exposed to 9 known as known to 5 increasing increased 10 through up -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- Ex29: Although the music **[industrial]** developed over several decades, popular music drew ethnomusicologists' attention by the 90s because a standardizing **effective** began to develop. The corporate nature surrounding popular music streamlined it into a framework that focused on slight deviations from the accepted norm, **create** what Adorno calls "pseudo-individualism"; what the public would perceive as unique or organic would musically comply with standard, established **music** conventions. Thus, a duality emerged from this standardization, an industry-driven manipulation of the public's tastes to give people what they want while **simultaneous** guiding them to it. In the case of rock music, while the genre may have grown out of politicized forces and other form of meaningful motivation, the corporate influence over popular music became integral to its identity that directing public taste became increasingly easier. Technological **development** allowed for easy dispersion of western music, causing the dominance of western music into rural and urbanized areas across the globe. However, because popular music assumes **so** a corporatized role and therefore remains subject to a large degree of **standardized**, ambiguity exists whether the music reflects actual cultural values or those only of the corporate sector seeking economic profit. Because popular music developed such a dependent relationship **to** media and the corporations surrounding it, where record sales and profit indirectly shaped musical decisions, the superstar person became an important element of popular music. From the fame and **economical** success surrounding such superstars, subcultures continued to arise, such as the rock and punk movements, only perpetuated by the corporate machine that also shaped the musical aspect of popular music. -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ----------------- **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** 1 effective effect 6 development developments 2 create creating 7 so such 3 music musical 8 standardized standardization 4 simultaneous simultaneously 9 to with 5 other another 10 economical economic -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ----------------- Ex30: People appear to **bear** to compute. The numerical skills of children develop so early and so inexorably that it is easy to imagine an internal clock of mathematical **mature** guiding their growth. **No** long after learning to walk and talk, they can set the table with impressive accuracy -- one plate, one knife, one spoon, one fork, for **all** of the five chairs. Soon they are capable of nothing that they have placed five knives, spoons, and forks on the table and, a bit later, that this amounts to fifteen pieces of silverware. Having thus **mastering** addition, they move on to subtraction. It seems **most** reasonable to expect that if a child were secluded on a desert island **in** birth and retrieved seven years later, he or she could enter a second-grade mathematics class without **some** serious problems of intellectual adjustment. Of course, the truth is not so simple. This century, the work of cognitive psychologists has illuminated the subtle forms of daily learning on **that** intellectual progress depends. Children were observed as they **slow** grasped or, as the case might be, bumped into -- concepts that adults take for granted, as they refuse, for instance, to concede that quantity is unchanged as water pours from a short stout glass into a tall thin one. -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9 5 10 -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- Ex31: In the last twenty **[year]**, the country has **done** great technological progress, culminating in our entering the space age earlier this year with the launch of our first **telecommunication** satellite. From a health perspective, there has been a major **modern** programme in public hospitals. This has involved the purchase of the latest scanning and **diagnosis** equipment, as well as the refurbishment of major operating theatres with state-of-the-art surgical equipment. As far as the s**uperstructure** of the country is concerned, several major projects are **on** progress, **included** the construction of three major motorways, a hydroelectric power station and a new international airport. All of these public works are being carried out using the latest technology. With the **increased** use of computer technology, the future of our country looks very bright indeed. It **anticipates** that, in the very near future, all government offices will be **computered** and networked to central mainframe computers in the capital. -------- ------------------- -------------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** 1 done make 6 on in 2 telecommunication telecommunications 7 include including 3 modern modernization 8 increased including 4 diagnosis diagnostic 9 anticipate is anticipated 5 superstructure infrastructure 10 computered computerized -------- ------------------- -------------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- Ex32: Oxford is a city with such a mind-blowing reputation that many who come here find **them** intimidated by the place and can't wait to leave, while others, taking **with** it like a duck to water, find themselves returning again and again. The college lawns provide a gorgeous backdrop to **seriously** study, and in the right light, on a sunny winter's morning **saying**, one feels as if one is **floated** on air, such is the sense of unreality. Oxford may like to pretend that it is at the intellectual hub of things, but in many ways it is no **less** than a sleepy backwater where, to mix metaphors, transitory students, the cream of their generation, wait **for** the wings, allowing their talents to flourish before moving off into the industrial or political fast-lane. Much of this is **the** myth, of course. Hardship and hard work are very much part and parcel of student life. The level-headed get through the three years' hard grind by **simple** putting their shoulders to the wheel before going on to fairly average jobs. Only for the tiny **minor** is Oxford the first step on the ladder to fame and fortune. ***Your answer:*** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTIONS** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTIONS** --------------- ----------------- -------------- ----------------- 1\. them themselves 6\. saying say 2\. with to 7\. for in 3\. seriously serious 8\. the a 4\. floated floating 9\. simple simply 5\. less more 10\. minor minority Ex33: The launderette by my flat in Belleville **[sum]** up Paris for me. You put your clothes in the machine and then, committing the machines' number into memory, you walk **to** the different machine in a different room and feed them coins. Someone could steal your stuff while this was going on but **the** beggar lady who lives there **will** stop **them**. Though she's barred from the café next door, she put in a good word for me with the owner. She told him the reason **which** I had never greeted him in French on walking in wasn't because I was rude, but **England**. So he took to crossing the bar whenever I entered, shaking my hand and **roared** "Bonjour, Anglais" until I gave in and began to preempt him. Now we get on **famous**. Paris is all about following ritual. Everything -- from how you feed a washing machine, to the way you greet someone, or the way you enter a bar. There's a café near here where the customers spend hours discussing **about** the food. They are pompous and ridiculous and I long to **being** one of them, and never will. -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** 1 to into 6 England English 2 the a 7 roared roaring 3 them it 8 famous Famously 4 will would 9 about Ø 5 which why 10 being be -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- Ex34: Although air-conditioning has led to **economical** improvement and has increased daily comfort **with** people everywhere, its impact on the environment has not been so **positively**. First, air-conditioning units release polluting chemicals onto the air, **that** contribute to global warming. Furthermore, running air-conditioning on a large scale requires enomous **amount** of energy. The burning of coal and oil to produce this energy also contributes to air pollution and thus, to global warming. According to experts, global warming could result **from** dramatic changes in climate, rising ocean levels, and more **violence** storms in the years to come. In some countries, governments and industry are beginning to search for ways to reduce the harm caused by air-conditioning. In Japan, summer temperatures have been **risen** in office buildings to conserve energy. In the United States, government, industry, and private groups are searching for ways to reduce the amount of dangerous chemicals released by air conditioners, especially those in cars and trucks. **Stay** cool is important, and many cannot imagine life without air-conditionig. But in the future, we will have to **finding** new technologies to make sure that air-conditioning does not create more problems than it solves. ***Your answer*** -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** 1 economical economic 6 from in 2 with for 7 violence violent 3 positively positive 8 risen raised 4 that which 9 stay staying 5 amount amounts 10 finding find -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- Ex35: Billions of years after the last seas and rivers dried up on Mars, scientists believe they may be able to restore the Red Planet to its **formerly** glory -- by turning it into a blue world with streams, green fields and fresh breezes, and filling it with **earthy** creatures. Ultimately this could **ever** provide mankind's increasing numbers **with** a new home. This revolutionary scheme of "terraforming" recently formed the focus with a major international debate hosted by America's space agency, NASA. Terraforming has always been considered **as** fiction but now, with a multi -- billion dollar Mars research programme **draw** up by NASA, **it** is the chance to discover the real possibilities of transforming Mars. There are many critics. Foremost among these is Paul Murdin of the institution of Astronomy. He believes the idea of terraforming Mars is extreme **and** not ridiculous. 'The idea is actually a real one,' he says. 'And I find it incredible that **man** is mucking up this world at an amazing pace and, at the same time, talking about doing the same as another planet.' ***Your answer*** -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** 1 formerly former 6 drawn draw 2 earthy earthly 7 it there 3 ever Even 8 and but 4 with of 9 Institution Institute 5 as x 10 man mankind -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- Ex36: In the hustle and bustle of today's hectic world, all of us, without exception, **[has]** to contend with some level of stress. Obviously, the source and amount of stress are **relatively** to the individual. Just as causes and quantities of stress are subject to personal factors, so is the way in **that** a person deals with **them**. It is a well-known fact that some people flourish when faced with a potentially stress-causing task or situation. On **another** hand, the majority of people are adversely affected when **confront** with a serious dilemma. Abnormal levels of stress can be a serious **healthy** hazard and may prove detrimental to one's physical health. Stress is said to be the culprit in a high **percent** of heart problems and stomach disorders. Even certain types of cancer are, reportedly, linked to stress. Knowing that stress is a modern-day malady which we all, **in** a greater or lesser extent, suffer from, has prompted many people to begin looking seriously at ways of controlling stress. Due to the inevitable **factor** that stress will always play a part in our lives, it is of paramount **important** that strategies of stress management be found. ***Your answer*** -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** 1 relatively relative 6 healthy health 2 (in) that (in) which 7 percent percentage 3 them it 8 in to 4 another the other 9 factor fact 5 confront confronted 10 inportant importance -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- Ex37: Desalination is the process in that excess salt and other minerals are removed from water. This method is used in order for salt water to **convert** to fresh water so **[that]** it is suitable **to** both irrigation and consumption. Apart from potable water, other by-products can be produced during that process, such as table salt or waste of course! In recent years, a lot of research has been done in the field in order to develop cost-effective ways of providing fresh water for human consumption, **specially** in regions where it is either limited or scarce. Quite recently, the United Arab Emirates had the world\'s largest desalination plant **build**, which is capable of producing 300 million cubic metres of water per year. However, this process cannot be characterized as particularly **economic** since extremely large amounts of energy, **special** personnel and expensive infrastructure are required. Furthermore, this process can affect the environment **adverse**. The large amount of energy **is consumed** during the process and the greenhouse gases that are emitted into the atmosphere can have a detrimental effect on the environment. In addition, the plankton and the fish larvae that exist in the sea water are **destroying** in the desalination process, and the high-temperature waste created afterwards is then thrown back into the sea, leading to an increase in the temperature of the sea. For this reason, waste-water treatment plants have **constructed** as well. Apparently, whether desalination is a problem-solving or a problem-causing process is still under debate. ***Your answer*** -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ------------------- **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** 1 convert be converted 6 special specialized 2 to for 7 adverse adversely 3 specially especially 8 is consumed that is consumed 4 build built 9 destroying destroyed 5 economic economical 10 constructed to be constructed -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ------------------- Ex38: The market for tourism in remote areas is booming as never before. Countries all across the world are **active** promoting their \'wilderness\' regions - such as mountains, Arctic lands, deserts, small islands and wetlands - to **highly spending** tourists. The attraction of these areas is obvious: by **defining**, wilderness tourism requires little or no initial investment. But that does not mean that there is no cost. **Like** the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development recognized, these regions are fragile (i.e. highly vulnerable **of** abnormal pressures) not just in terms of the culture of their **inhabitation**. The three most significant types of fragile environment in these respects are deserts, mountains and Arctic areas. An important **character** is their marked seasonality. Consequently, most human **acts**, including tourism, are limited to clearly defined parts of the year. Tourists are drawn to these regions by their natural beauty and the unique culture of **its** people. And poor governments in these areas have welcomed the \'adventure tourists\', grateful for the currency they bring. For several years, tourism is the prime source of foreign exchange in Nepal and Bhutan. Tourism is also a key element in the **economics** of Arctic zones such as Lapland and Alaska and in desert areas such as Ayres Rocks in Australia and Arizona\'s Monument Valley. ***Your answer*** -------- ----------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** 1 active actively 6 inhabitation inhabitants 2 highly spending high-spend 7 charecter charecteristic 3 defining definition 8 its their 4 Like As 9 acts actions 5 of to 10 economics economies -------- ----------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- Ex39: It is very difficult to **[success]** in the music business; nine out of ten bands that release a first record fail to produce **the** second. Surviving in the music industry requires luck and patience, but most of all it requires **and** intricate knowledge of how a record company **is functioned**. The process begins when a **presenter** of a company's Artist and Repertoire (A&R) department visits bars and night clubs, scouting for young, talented bands. After the representative identifies a **promised** band, he or she will work to negotiate a contract with that band. The **signature** of this recording contract is a slow process. A company will spend a long time to **investigate** the band itself as well as current trends **for** popular music. During this period, it is important that a band **reciprocates** with an investigation of its own, learning as much as possible about the record company and making **personnel** connections within the different departments that will handle their recordings. ***Your answer*** -------- --------------- ---------------- -------- ---------------- ---------------- **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** 1 thhe a 6 signature signing 2 and an 7 to investigate investigating 3 is functioned functions 8 for in 4 presenter representative 9 reciprocates reciprocate 5 promised promising 10 personnel personal -------- --------------- ---------------- -------- ---------------- ---------------- Ex40: Even before the turn of the century, movies began to develop in two major directions: the realistic and the formalistic. Realism and formalism are merely general, rather than absolute, terms. When **using** to suggest a tendency toward either polarity, such labels can be helpful, but **at** the end they are still just labels. Few films are **exclusive** formalist in style, and fewer yet are completely realist. There is also an important difference between realism and reality, although this **distinct** is often forgotten. Realism is a particular style, **where** physical reality is the source of all the raw materials of film, both realistic and formalistic. Virtually all movie directors go to the photographable world for their subject matter, but **what** they do with this material - what they shape and manipulate it - determines their stylistic emphasis. Generally speaking, realistic films attempt to reproduce the surface of concrete reality with a minimum of distortion. In photographing objects and events, the filmmaker tries to suggest the copiousness of life **himself**. Both realist and formalist film directors must select (and hence emphasize) certain details from the chaotic sprawl of reality. But the element of selectivity in realistic films is less obvious. Realists, in short, try to preserve the illusion that their film world is unmanipulated, an objective mirror of the actual world. Formalists, on the other hand, make no such pretense. They deliberately stylize and distort their **crude** materials so that only the very naive **should** mistake a manipulated image of an object or event **to** the real thing. ***Your answer*** -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** 1 using used 6 what how 2 at in 7 himself itself 3 exclusive exclusively 8 crude raw 4 distinct distinction 9 should would 5 where whereas 10 to for -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- Ex41: Plastics are among the most ubiquitous materials in our economy, our lives, and our environment. They are also among the most pervasive and persistent **pollution** on Earth. In recent years, stark images of beaches, waterways and wildlife **filling** with plastic have spurred demands **on** action to address plastic pollution. These calls are coupled with **grown** concern that plastic and its toxic additives pose serious risks to human health at every **stages** of the plastic lifecycle. Far **more** attention has been paid to the impacts of this same lifecycle on the Earth's climate. This is a dangerous oversight. From catastrophic wildfires in California to searing heat waves and record drought in India, the scale and growing **severe** of the climate crisis are undeniable. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change warns that humanity must limit warming below 1.5C or face far greater and **potential** irreversible climate chaos. **Achieving** this, we must cut global emissions 45% **in** 2030 and reach zero net emissions by 2050. ***Your answer*** -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** 1 pollution pollutants 6 more less 2 filling filled 7 severve severity 3 on for 8 potential potentially 4 grown growing 9 Achieving To achieve 5 stages stage 10 in by -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- Ex42: For the past eight years, many of the world's leading classical musicians have gathered together in Switzerland's most **glitzy** ski resort to play, to teach and socialise. If this were all, it would be the ultimate classical music insiders' club. But the attraction of Verbier, **their** charm and relevance, is that it is also home for three weeks to more than 100 young musicians from 31 countries, **starried-eye** about meeting the masters and getting a **crashing** course at the highest possible level. Conductors of the world's top orchestras are **off** hand to get the young musicians into shape, coaxing fine performances of **so** daunting challenges as Mahler's Third Symphony and Brahms' First Symphony. Verbier is the creation **of** the Swede, Martin Engstroem, who for many years was a leading agent. He wanted to run his own festival and, having some of the best contacts of the business, it was not hard to find a Swiss ski report **to look** for a summer boost, rich villa owners keen to open their houses to musical celebrities and stars used to being **indulgent**. Engstroem is the most relaxed and charming of men, but in his way he is a dictator. The music heard at Verbier tends to be of his classical taste with barely a note **of** the contemporary. ***Your answer*** -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** 1 glitzy glitziest 6 so such 2 their its 7 of in 3 starried-eye starry-eyed 8 to look looking 4 crashing crash 9 indulgent indulged 5 off on 10 of to -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- Ex43: One miserable winter evening, while sifting through some research material at the British Film Institute, I came **out** a curious press release. Undated, but apparently written in the early nineteen-sixties, it had been issued by a West German film distributor and **bearing** the headline "Is film directing a male profession?" This was **intrigued** since at the time it was unheard-of for a male-dominated profession to spotlight deliberately its own gender **balance.** The press release was part of a publicity campaign designed to promote a new film called 'Too Young For Love', made by first-time director Erica Balgne. A story of thwarted young love and teenage pregnancy, the film was unremarkable and hardly **originally**. An "angle" or "hook", to use the marketing jargon, had to be **founded** if the film was not to sink without a trace. The hook they came up **with** was the fact that it was directed by a woman. According to the distributor, **after** Balgne made her debut, only one woman in the history of German cinema, in the early 1930's, had sat in the director's chair. This is not true: there were others, and the press release mentions the **more** obvious example, Leni Reifenstahl, only to dismiss her as a "special case". Nevertheless, the number of women directors working in the cinema in Germany -- or indeed anywhere else in Europe -- had been negligible. Presumably in the hope of **attraction** the curious, the promoter billed Balgne's film with an experiment by its producer to see if film directing was a male profession only because women had lacked the opportunity or simply lacked the ability! ***Your answer*** -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** 1 out across 6 founded found 2 bearing bore 7 after before 3 intriguied intriguing 8 more most 4 balance imbalance 9 attraction attracting 5 originally original 10 with as -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- Ex44: Skiing is one of the most popular sports in the world. According to recent **estimation**, about one hundred **millions** of people ski regularly or occasionally. Sliding across the snow on skis is also one of the most ancient methods of transport known to **the man**. It **has** demonstrated that men were already travelling across the snow by means of primitive skis before the invention of the wheel. In the Asiatic region of Altai and in Scandinavia, for example , the remains of skis have been found which **dated** back to 4,000 BC. Further evidence is supplied by ancient cave paintings which depict people skiing, and a **Norway** saga which tells the story of an invasion of its territory 8,000 years ago by a tribe of skiers who came from the north. Nowadays, skiing, apart from a **sport**, has become a big industry and a notable feature of leisure culture. Ski resorts and all the activity that they generate **is** the main source of wealth in many mountain regions, which were previously remote and **accessible**. And far from its once elitist image, skiing is now enjoyed by an increasingly broader **spectra** of society. ***Your answer*** -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** 1 estimatation estimates 6 Norway Norwegian 2 millions million 7 sport being a sport 3 the man man 8 is are 4 has have been 9 accessible inaccessible 5 dated date 10 spectra spectrum -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- Ex45: When **being constructed** eco-friendly homes, builders allocate specific types **of** energy-efficient resources of specific areas of the home. For instance, it is common to affix single or double panels to the tops of hot water heaters to absorb solar energy and provide a **costly-effective**, continual, renewable power source. These types of hot water heaters are inexpensive to install and unobtrusive to the eye. In the case of wind power, it is neither attractive nor **particular** efficient to erect a towering turbine next to a single home; rather, it is built in an area where it can power several homes at **last**. Furthermore, **what** homebuilders position their homes influences their energy efficiency. A home with south-facing windows will absorb the natural radiation from the sun, thus **heat** the home without using any energy-producing **device**. And builders line homes with the best forms of insulation so that any energy **is used** to heat a home, whether it is natural or from electricity **transmitting** through the grid, will not easily escape from it. ***Your answer*** -------- ----------------------- -------------------- -------- ------------------ ----------------- **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** 1 **being constructed** **constructing** 6 **what** **how** 2 **of** **for** 7 **heat** **heating** 3 **costly-effective** **cost-effective** 8 **device** **devices** 4 **particular** **particularly** 9 **is used** **used** 5 **last** **once** 10 **transmitting** **transmitted** -------- ----------------------- -------------------- -------- ------------------ ----------------- Ex46: From ports to rail yards, global supplying **lines** struggle amid virus outbreaks in the developing world. Fresh coronavirus outbreaks are forcing factory **closedowns** in countries such as Vietnam and Bangladesh, **aggravate** supply chain disruptions that could leave some U.S. retailers with **emptied** shelves as consumers begin their back to-school shopping. The overseas work **stops** are just the latest twist in almost 18 months of pandemic related manufacturing and transportation woes. The new infections come as two of the largest U.S. railroads last week restricted shipments from West Coast seaports to Chicago, **when** a surge of shipping containers has clogged rail yards. Supply headaches stretching from Asian factory towns to the American Midwest **is** intensifying as the economic recovery tries to outrun the **high** infectious delta **variation**. Aftershocks from earlier limits **of** a major Chinese port following a rash of covid-19 cases are expected later this month to worsen backlogs at U.S. West Coast facilities. ***Your answer*** -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** 1 supplying supply 6 variation variant 2 closedowns shutdowns 7 when where 3 aggravate aggravating 8 is are 4 emptied empty 9 high highly 5 stops stoppages 10 of on -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- Ex47: The number of people in need is frightening -- we need a global response. Critical transitions are necessary in our energy systems, food systems, and transport and **urbane** systems. We must build resilience across all **faces** of the economy, promoting greener growth and **strengthened** human capital through better services for health, education, housing, water and social protection. We must also prioritise **to guard** against future **crisis** -- not just tackling climate impacts, which are at the **frontier** of many people's minds today, but also through macroeconomic stability, social systems and infrastructure. Deepening inequalities mean we must urgently target interventions to the most **disadvantageous**, particularly women, girls and children with **inabilities**. Social **protecting** systems need to be inclusive, supporting vulnerable households while preventing non-poor households from falling into poverty. Strong and sustained international cooperation is essential. The longer we delay, the **more deep** the damage will be, not just in developing countries but everywhere. The responses of the international community to the crisis is under intense scrutiny, as it should be. A "business as usual" approach will not deliver. Without resilient foundations, countries will be trapped in costly cycles of setback and recovery. ***Your answer*** -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- ----------------- ---------------- **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** 1 urbane urban 6 frontier forefront 2 strengthened strengthening 7 disadvantageous disadvantaged 3 faces facets 8 inabilities disabilities 4 to guard guarding 9 protecting protection 5 crisis crises 10 more deep deeper -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- ----------------- ---------------- Ex48: The Summer Games will always feature a number of "**hard-core** sports." These sports have long histories within the Olympics, and they are so closely associated **with** the event that the Olympics would feel weird with, **saying**, gymnastics or track and field or swimming. An IOC working group suggested that the number of such sports **is** set at 25 in 2013, with weightlifting, wrestling, and modern pentathlon competing for slots 24 and 25 in that number. At the time, the group initially recommended that wrestling **dropped** from the program. It was seen as a sport prone to doping scandals, with **effective** leadership failing to keep corruption in check. Yet just a few weeks **after**, the threat against wrestling petered **off** as the IOC's full voting membership opted to keep the sport in the games. Wrestling has been part of the roster at every Olympics since. In addition, golf and rugby sevens, first presenting at Rio in 2016, have continued to make **a** cut for inclusion at **subsequential** Olympics. ***Your answer*** -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- --------------- ---------------- **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** 1 hard-core core 6 effective effectively 2 with without 7 after later 3 saying say 8 off out 4 is be 9 a the 5 dropped be dropped 10 subsequential subsequent -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- --------------- ---------------- Ex49: For many, the "dog days," **provoke** those summer days that are so devastatingly hot that even dogs would lie around on the asphalt, **pant**. But originally, the phrase had nothing to do with dogs, or even **about** the lazy days of summer. Instead, the dog days refer to Sirius, the brightest star in the constellation Canis Major, which means "big dog" in Latin and is said to represent one of Orion's **hunt** dogs. To the **Greek** and Romans, the "dog days" occurred around the time Sirius appears to **raise** **along** the sun, in late July in the Northern Hemisphere. They believed the heat from the two stars **combining** is what made **this** days the hottest of the year, a period that could bring fever or even catastrophe. In 2021, the dog days span from July 3 to August 11. "If you go back even as far as Homer, The Iliad, it's referring to Sirius as Orion's dog rising, and it describes the star **like** being associated with war and disaster," said Jay B. Holberg, author of Sirius: Brightest Diamond in the Night Sky and senior research scientist at the University of Arizona Lunar & Planetary Laboratory. "All throughout Greek and Roman literature, you found these things." ***Your answer*** -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** 1 provoke evoke 6 raise rise 2 pant panting 7 along alongside 3 about with 8 combining combined 4 hunt hunting 9 this those 5 Greek Greeks 10 like as -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- Ex50: Governments and businesses **are** hoping to plant trees and store forests in order to reach net-zero emissions must sharply limit such efforts **as** to avoid driving up food prices in the developing world, the charity Oxfam has warned. Planting trees has been mooted as one of the key ways of tackling the climate crisis, but planting even a fraction of the area needed to offset global greenhouse gas emissions would **encroach** the land needed for crops to feed a growing population, according to a report entitled Tightening the net: Net zero climate targets implications for land and food **equitation**. At least 1.6bn hectares -- an area five times the size of India, equivalent to all the land now **being farmed** on the planet -- would be required to reach net zero for the planet by 2050 **vie** tree-planting alone. While no one is suggesting planting trees to that extent, the report's authors said it gave an idea of the scale of planting required, and how limited offsetting should be if food price **raises** are to be avoided. The report found that two of the most commonly used offsetting measures, reforestation and the planting of new forests, were among the **best** at putting food security at risk. Far better, according to the analysis, **was** nature-based solutions that focused on forest management, agroforestry -- the practice of combining crop cultivation or pasture with growing trees -- as well as pasture management and soil management in croplands. ***Your answer*** -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** 1 are O 6 being farmed farmed 2 store restore 7 vie via 3 as O 8 best worst 4 encroach encroach on 9 was were 5 equitation equity 10 raises rises -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- Ex51: The new generation of meatless meat companies has been **vocalized** in **their** ambition to remake our food system. Impossible Foods CEO Pat Brown has said he wants to end all animal **farmers** by 2035. Beyond Meat CEO Ethan Brown (no relation) sees his company working to make this "the first generation of humans to separate meat from animals." As steep a climb as it might **sounds**, it certainly isn't unrealistic to think that in the near future, startups **who** make alternative proteins might start eating **on** the market share for meat and dairy products. Early signs of such a shift are **emerged**. According to a USDA-funded report, rising plant-based milk sales could be a factor **for** the decline of cow's milk consumption (though overall dairy consumption is on the rise, thanks to cheese). An Israeli startup that makes cell-based or "lab-grown" meat just opened a pilot facility to produce 5,000 **slaught-free** burgers a day. And looking ahead, the CEO of beef giant Cargill recently said that plant-based meat could make up as **many** as 10 percent of the meat market within a few years. ***Your answer*** -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** 1 vocalized vocal 6 on into 2 their its 7 emerged emerging 3 farmers farming 8 for to 4 sounds sound 9 5 who that 10 -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- Ex52: As we feel tired at bed-time, it is unnatural to assume that we sleep because we are tired. The point seems so obvious that hardly anyone has never sought to question it. Nevertheless, we must ask "tired about what?". People certainly feel tired at the end of a hard day's manual work, but it is also true that office workers feel equally tired when bed-time comes. Even invalids, confining to beds or wheelchairs, become tired as the evening wears out. Moreover, the manual workers will still feel tired even after an evening spent relax in front of the television or reading a book, activities which ought to have a refreshing effect. There is no proof connection between physical exertion and the need for sleep. People want to sleep, however less exercise they have had. Nor is the desire for sleep related to mental fatigue. In fact, sleep comes more slowly to people who have had an intellectual stimulating day, just because their minds are still full of thoughts when they retire. Ironically, one way of sending someone to sleep is to put him or her into a boring situation which the intellectual effort is minimal. ***Your answer*** -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9 5 10 -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- Ex53: Jazz, from its early roots in slave spirituals and the marching bands of New Orleans, had developed into the predominantly American musical style by the 1930s. In this era, jazz musicians played a lush, orchestrated style known as swing. Playing in large ensembles, also called big bands, swing filled the dance halls and nightclubs. Jazz, once considered risqué, was made more accessory to masses with the vibrant, swinging sounds of these big bands. Then did come bebop. In the mid-1940s, jazz musicians strayed to the swing style and developed a more improvisational method of playing known as bebop. Jazz was transformed from popular music to elite art form. The soloists in the big bands improvised from the melody. The young musicians who ushered in bebop, notably trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie and saxophonist Charlie Parker, expanded through the improvisational elements of the big bands. They played with advanced harmonies, changed chord structures, and got chord substitutions. These young musicians got their starts with the leading big bands of the day, but during World War II - as older musicians was drafted and dance halls made cut-offs - they started to play together in smaller groups. ***Your answer*** -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9 5 10 -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- Ex54: A new United Nations report reaffirms what world governments have known and failed to deal with for decades: this climate change is our fault, is already causing devastation around the globe and will continue to get worsening. The assessment from the U.N.'s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a up-to-date scientific understanding of planetary warmth, as well as its current and future impacts. The international consort of researchers left no room for debate over the cause of the global crisis. "It is equivocal that human influence had warmed the atmosphere, ocean and land," reading a summary for policymakers. "Widespread and rapid changes in the atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere and biosphere have occurred." U.N. Secretary General António Guterres called the findings "a code red for humanity." "The alarm bells are deafening, and the evidence is irrefutable: Greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel burning and afforestation are choking our planet and putting billions of people to immediate risk," he said in a statement. ***Your answer*** -------- -------------- ---------------- -------- -------------- ---------------- **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** **NO** **MISTAKES** **CORRECTION** 1 6 2 7 3 8