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This document appears to be lesson notes on English for secondary school students. It discusses various language concepts, including the definitions of information, speech types, and other grammatical topics.

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:)cleistine ENGLISH REVIEWER Q1 G10 - Descriptive: shows things by visualizing or describing it. 1. “Information” (Dalton and Descartes) - Comes from the Middle...

:)cleistine ENGLISH REVIEWER Q1 G10 - Descriptive: shows things by visualizing or describing it. 1. “Information” (Dalton and Descartes) - Comes from the Middle 🟣 French 3. “Education” (Dilman and Darwin) 🟣 - a learning experience, where an enformacion/information ‘a criminal investigation’ and its etymon, Latin individual learns about various informatio(n) ‘conception, teaching, aspects of life, understands the creation” different perspectives and tries to - It is an abstract concept that refers to apply it in daily life. something which has the power to inform. - important to the children, to adults Information is not knowledge itself, but and to the society as we learn new the meaning that may be derived from a things through this. representation through interpretation. How do we get INFORMATION? Through 4. “Pronouns” 🟣 - Substitutes of nouns speeches, news reports, informative talks, and I = myself panel discussion Speeches: ★ 🫣 Informative Speech: aims to He = himself She = herself educate an audience on a They = themselves particular topic/message. You = yourself ★ Persuasive Speech: We = ourselvesE asks/persuades the audience to It = itself take side with the speaker’s stance. 5. “Reflexive Pronoun” ★ Entertainment Speech: captivates - pronouns are used in a sentence to an audience's attention and regale refer back to the subject. or amuse them. ★ Motivational Speech: intended to Ex. I baked a cake myself. inspire an audience. ★ Eulogy: speech given at a funeral Functions of Reflexive Pronoun: in commemoration of someone's Direct Object: RP (reflexive pronoun) life. is placed after the verb. ★ Impromptu speech: a speech that Ex. She planned herself. a person delivers without Indirect Object: RP is placed after the predetermination or preparation. direct object or object. ★ Explanatory speech: Ex. He deleted the files himself. describes/explains a situation or a particular thing. Object of Preposition: RP is after the ★ Demonstrative speech: includes preposition. visualizations to help in Ex. We gather data by ourselves. 🟣 demonstrating a particular thing. 6. “Intensive Pronoun” News Report: written or broadcasted, - special type of pronoun that timely/relevant/latest, and is written in intensifies or emphasizes. ★ 🫣 an inverted pyramid. It must be easy to understand and fair. Headline: must be catchy Functions of Intensive Pronoun: To emphasize a noun ★ Lead: often only the part that Ex. The girls fixed the lunch people read. (Uses 5Ws rule; who, themselves what, when, where, why, and how if there is a space left.) To emphasize a pronoun ★ Body: provides more information Ex. They themselves baked a cake. about the HOW and WHY of the story. - Removing the pronoun won’t affect ★ Tail: less important and is the sentence structure. sometimes omitted by the author. 7. “Graphic Organizers” 🟣 visual aids (demonstrative 🫣 Informative talks: speech that requires - visual displays information of key content exploring a specific topic. 🫣 Panel Discussion: group of experts Main Idea and Details Chart: shows 2. “Text Types” (Dalton and Descartes) 🟣 the relationship between the main concept and the details. - Expository: provides information - Instructional: step-by-step guidance - Persuasive: convinces readers :)cleistine :)cleistine Semantic maps: maps or webs of he falls to his death and drowns into words and concept the sea. 4. Daedalus grieved for his son and flew onward to the Italian island of Sicily. When he gets there, he performs funeral rites for his son. Daedalus built a temple for Apollo and hung his wings as an offering to the Olympian Venn Diagram: show the relationship god. among things or between two or more 5. He lives in Sicily, an island ruled by sets of items. King Cocalus. King Minos comes searching for Daedalus, Cocalus takes pity and hides the inventor. King Cocalus' daughters kill King Minos with scalding water, freeing Daedalus from his hunt forever. K-W-L Charts: help students organize 9. “Public Speaking” 🟣 - communicating information to an information before, during, and after a audience. lesson. - usually done before a large audience, school, workplace or even our personal lives. - It can sharpen critical thinking and verbal/nonverbal communication skills. Ranking Ladder: sequential connections between concepts. 5 Elements of Public Speaking ★ Who: source of the message ★ What: the message itself ★ For Whom: the audience ★ Medium: actual delivery method ★ Effect: speaker’s intent for the speech 3 Factors of Public Speaking - From start (bottom) until end (top). ★ Ethos (ethical appeal; credibility and 8. “Daedalus and Icarus” 🟣 character of the speaker) ➔ Convincing the audience that you have a good character Flow of the story: and are credible. 1. Daedalus was a skillful architect, ➔ Established from the start of craftsman, and artist. He is the father your talk. of Icarus, the uncle of Talos. He ★ Pathos (emotional appeal; ability to create a connection between the Invented and built the Labyrinth for speaker and the audience) King Minos of Crete to imprison the ➔ Persuade by appealing to Minotuar. But due to the King’s anger the audience’s emotions. after learning he helped Theseus, ➔ Wanting them to feel the same emotion as you are Daedalus and Icarus were imprisoned feeling (emotionally in the Labyrinth. connected) 2. He and His son devised a plan to ➔ If you have low pathos, the escape by using wings made of wax audience will likely try to find flaws in your argument. and feathers that Daedalus himself ★ Logos (emotional appeal;logical invented. Daedalus warned his son to arrangement of words or sentences) follow closely behind him and sternly ➔ Logical arrangement of cautioned him not to fly too close to words or sentences ➔ To appeal to logic by relying the sun, as it would melt his wings, on the audience’s and not too close to the sea, as it intelligence and offering would dampen them and make it hard evidence in support to fly. ➔ It develops an ethos because information makes you look 3. They succeeded in their plan. In his joy knwoledgeable. and excitement of flying, Icarus forgets his father’s advice and soars Qualities/Eloquence of a Public too close to the sun, causing his wings Speaker to melt. Icarus' wings fall apart, and ★ Confidence: mother of all other attributes that make a successful :)cleistine :)cleistine presentation. If you’re feeling nervous, let it loose and defeat anxiety. ★ Passion: a strong feeling of Secondary Source: written after an enthusiasm for something. Elicits emotions flow naturally. Without event. The authors usually did not passion, speech is meaningless. witness the events or discoveries ★ Introspection: understand who you are themselves. Analysis or restatement and what your strongest qualities are. of primary sources. Capitalize= STRENGTHS, Improve: WEAKNESSES ★ Examples ★ Self awareness: be yourself, act like ★ yourself. To create more authentic speeches… ★ Practice, not memorization ★ Speak in your natural voice - conversational tone ★ Modulate your voice ★ Keep it short and simple 🟣 ★ Connect with your audience 10. “Achieving Writer’s Purpose” 🟣 12. “Direct and Implicit Signals” Direct/Explicit Signals: - The unity of plot, setting, and - something made clear and characterization in a material viewed/ stated plainly and easy to read is important to achieve the understand writer's purpose. - clear, literal, obvious - exact words of an author or Plot: consists of events that occur speaker during the story. Also referred to as ★ Ex. “The snow glows the story line. white on the mountain Setting: time and place in which the tonight.” story takes place. It can be real or Indirect/Implicit Signals: fictional. - implied and not stated directly Characterization: process through - not clear, requires us to think which an author reveals a character’s deeper personality. - denotes something that was said or written rather than the What is the AUTHOR’S PURPOSE? exact words that were spoken - Refers to the why behind their writing, or written what motivated the author to produce - readers infer or make their works intent or hope to achieve. intellectual guess ★ Ex. "The wind is howling like this swirling storm 11. “Sources of Information” - 🟣 material or information is easy to obtain or inside. Couldn't keep it in, heaven knows I tried." - access, it is accessible. material provides you comprehensive and 13. “Persuasive Essay” 🟣 sufficient information you need for your - Also known as an argumentative research or study, it is useful. essay, a piece of academic writing logic and reason is used to show that Let’s define the terms.. your point of view is more legitimate Accessibility: quality of being than any other. available when needed. Possible to - Aims to persuade in an affirmative approach, enter, reach, obtain. level by emotions Effectiveness: the ability to be - Aims to convince in a cognitive level successful and produce the intended through mind and perspective results. Basic Parts of Persuasive Essay.. Two Types of Sources.. Introduction: grabs the audience’s Primary Source: written or created attention. It includes the thesis document at the time of occurrence of statement or your argument. an event or period of research. First Body: testimonies, statistics, formal appearance, like recording of a statements from the experts. You can live news-feed or video or its have as many paragraphs but you can transcript. also follow this: ★ Examples ★ 1st claim and evidence ★ 2nd claim and evidence ★ Counterclaim :)cleistine :)cleistine Summary/Conclusion: tying it all Beginning or Exposition: characters together and ending with a call of and problems are introduced to the action. reader. 🟣 ★ Example: 14. “Modals” 1. Arachne was a popular weaver whose skills - special verbs in a way that, when put aren't like no other. Due before the main verb, perform specific to her weaving efforts, functions she produced works of art that made the Classification.. Goddess Athena curious Ability: about her talent. ★ Examples: (expresses physical Rising Action: problems and ability or skill.) characters are developed building to climax. piano.🥵 ➔ Can - Alan can play the ★ Example: ➔ Able to - I am able to speak two languages. 🥶 1. Goddess Athena challenged Arachne to a 😏 ➔ Could - I could make a kite for you. weaving contest, whereas the loser will Possibility have to give up weaving ★ Example: (formal and is often forever. found in writing) Climax: often called the "turning tomorrow. 😜 ➔ May - It may rain Example: (less formal and more point" in a story. ★ Example: ★ 1. The contest began; common with conversation) Athena's weaving dinner alone.😐 ➔ Might - She might eat her showed the gods punishing mortals for Obligation being arrogant, while ★ Examples: (a firm obligation or Arachne's weaving necessity) depicts the unfairness ➔ Must - You must submit your projects today. 😠 and abuse of the Greek gods. ★ a doctor. 😰 ➔ Have to - You have to see Examples: (recommendation or Falling Action/Denouement: reader learns what happens as a result of the climax-or how the problem was moral obligation) solved. smoking. 😤 ➔ Should - You should stop ➔ Ought to - You ought to ★ Example: 1. Arachne lost to the goddess and therefore listen to your parents. declared the loser of the Permission contest. And thus, ★ Example: (ask for and give Arachne wasn't allowed permission) to touch any spindle ever ➔ Can - Can I sit here?... You again. ★ like.😘 can use my chair if you Example: (most formal way to ask Resolution: the entire plot is wrapped up, and there is a sense of closure for and give permission) the reader. ➔ May I borrow your pen?... ★ Example: 1. By the Goddess' pity, she 🥴 Yes, you may use my pen. turned Arachne into a creature with the ability to weave without a 15. “Elements of a Story” spindle. - The examples are from the story Theme: Narratives have a theme or Arachne. main idea/underlying meaning. The theme should be stated in a complete Plot: is "what happens" in the story. sentence. Characters: the protagonist, the ★ Example: antagonist, and etc. 1. Learn to walk in humility, ★ Example: not pride and arrogance. 1. Arachne - the main character of the story. NOTICE! Just read nalang the excerpt thingy 2. 2.Athena - a Greek goddess of from Les Miserables, and d ko na sinali ung wisdom and crafts who disguised lesson about generalization and good/bad herself as an old woman and cursed Arachne to become a writing bcs wla un gi tackle samin:’}. spider. :)cleistine

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