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Presentation on Sept 19. Sept 16: Bare bones Sept 17: Trial presentation General Article: https://www.globalization-partners.com/blog/ai-reshaping-global-employment/?utm_keyword=&u tm_device=c&utm_source=Adwords&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=canada__search__dyn amic__[en]&utm_conten...

Presentation on Sept 19. Sept 16: Bare bones Sept 17: Trial presentation General Article: https://www.globalization-partners.com/blog/ai-reshaping-global-employment/?utm_keyword=&u tm_device=c&utm_source=Adwords&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=canada__search__dyn amic__[en]&utm_content=dynamic&utm_term=&hsa_acc=3548814423&hsa_cam=1568750871 0&hsa_grp=134429886391&hsa_ad=676292518452&hsa_src=g&hsa_tgt=dsa-1456167871416 &hsa_kw=&hsa_mt=&hsa_net=adwords&hsa_ver=3&gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQjwrp-3BhDg ARIsAEWJ6SxUjsSFieHBcyaLToKAKd7Bhb7Bam7R23LVYiiPW7x8I5LDg9QaFXYaAi0oEALw_ wcB Artificial intelligence in the workplace Introduction: Is AI sentient? Can it make rational decisions? https://youtu.be/Lu56xVlZ40M Do you think AI is good at solving critical problems in the workplace? How about solving less rigid problems? Do you think AI will be held accountable for their actions if it ends up injuring a person? Ideas: 1) - Create Workstations- 2 mins each Workstations: Which industries are affected by AI Industries are split into categories: 1)Jobs Positively affected - Lucky AI Identifying Brain Injuries from CT Scan (Medical) “The researchers found that their machine learning algorithm was able to detect, segment, quantify and differentiate between types of brain lesions using images of CT scans. The results, published in The Lancet Digital Health, could be used in large-scale research studies, for developing more personalised treatments for head injuries and, with further validation in clinical settings, could be useful in clinical scenarios where experts are in high demand. Head injury is a global public health burden, affecting up to 60 million people each year. It is the leading cause of mortality in young adults. When a patient has had a head injury, they are usually sent for a CT scan to check for blood in or around the brain, and to help determine whether surgery is required.” Source: https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/197593/ai-successfully-used-identify-different-types/ Ref Link: https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/lesion Ref Link: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/4808-ct-computed-tomography-scan Ref Link: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/computed-tomography-ct -or-cat-scan-of-the-brain AI Correcting Data from Human Error in Nuclear Power Plants While extensive research has been conducted to improve the safety of these safety–critical systems, the human factor remains as a significant concern. In recent years, as artificial intelligence (AI) is being widely adopted in various fields, AI may be a solution for supporting operators and, ultimately, for reducing the overall risk of safety–critical systems such nuclear and chemical plants. This review discusses the application of AI in NPP operations, with a focus on event diagnosis, signal validation, prediction, and autonomous control. Various application examples are presented, highlighting the limitations of classical approaches and the potential for AI overcome such limitations to enhance the safety and efficiency of NPP operations. This work is expected to stimulate further investigation into the application of AI to support operators in not only NPPs but also other safety–critical systems, such as chemical plants. Ref Links: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11814-024-00246-7 Ref LInks: https://www.iaea.org/bulletin/enhancing-nuclear-power-production-with-artificial-intelligence - Nuclear technicians (can automate reactor control and send robots to dangerous areas) - Improved efficiency ie. - Advancements in science & technology Retail 2)Jobs Negatively affected - Andrew What I’ve found on Google Scholar: - (First article) “The potential employment effects, whether augmenting or automating, vary widely across country income groups, due to different occupational structures. In low-income countries, only 0.4 per cent of total employment is potentially exposed to automation effects, whereas in high-income countries the share rises to 5.5 percent. The effects are highly gendered, with more than double the share of women potentially affected by automation. The greater impact is from augmentation, which has the potential to affect 10.4 percent of employment in low-income countries and 13.4 percent of employment in high-income countries. However, such effects do not consider infrastructure constraints, which will impede the possibility for use in lower-income countries and likely increase the productivity gap.” SOURCE: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4584219 - (Second article) “First, the tasks that generative AI, and specifically LLMs, replace are those typically done by workers in high-paid occupations. One research team categorized occupations based on the tasks that workers in those occupations typically perform and then rated tasks according to how substitutable with LLMs they are (Eloundou et al. 2023). This exercise requires some heroic assumptions: strong complementarities between tasks must be ignored; substantial within-occupation heterogeneity and task segregation could change the scale of job impacts. But, nonetheless, the results are striking: for low-wage occupations, those making around $30,000 per year, around 15 percent of their job involves tasks exposed to replacement by LLMs. For high-wage jobs, making around $100,000 per year, tasks accounting for nearly half of their work are exposed to potential replacement. Thus, it is the higher-paid, typically white-collar, occupations that are most exposed to generative AI. Another approach to predicting employment and earnings effects of generative AI also finds that it is likely to displace and reduce earnings for primarily (though not exclusively) white-collar workers (Kogan et al. 2023). - These preliminary results are not surprising: nonroutine cognitive work involving thinking, writing, planning, or coding tends to be high wage. And these are precisely the kinds of work tasks that LLMs are distinctively capable of performing and augmenting: ChatGPT is writing our emails, memos, business plans, and codebase. Compare these effects to industrial robots or self–check-out registers that chiefly automate the work of lower-wage workers. In those cases of automation and information technology, repetitive, manual tasks like painting a car or operating a cash register are replaced in part by automation. Generative AI may thus have a very different skill-bias than prior innovations. It is white-collar positions, rather than blue-collar, service, and other frontline jobs, that are composed of tasks most immediately exposed to disruption by generative AI. If this disruption involves more task substitution than augmentation, then at the level of broad occupation categories, generative AI tools could reduce demand in white-collar jobs relative to blue-collar and in-person service jobs.” SOURCE: https://mit-genai.pubpub.org/pub/24gsgdjx/release/1 3)Jobs Unaffected by AI - Horace https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41347-020-00153-8: “employees in research and development, do not feel threatened by RAIA [automation and AI], as they feel the technology cannot perform creative or emotional tasks (Ili and Lichtenthaler, 2017)” “Despite the future being unforeseeable, it has emerged that the participants felt their jobs would be secure in the coming years provided they evolve with the technology. Hence, continuous learning and modifying one’s approach to potential technological changes are essential to remain employable. The findings suggest that organizations should use RAIA technologies in their operations in a way that they gain their employees’ trust, thus valuing and utilizing human capital.” (Bhargava et al., 2020) Participants indicated that robots cannot make decisions, do not need regular training, unlike humans, and require human contribution, whereas AI learns iteratively and becomes capable of making decisions. In fact, AI that can act of its own volition has not yet been developed (Raj and Seamans 2019) “Despite the future being unforeseeable, it has emerged that the participants felt their jobs would be secure in the coming years provided they evolve with the technology. Hence, continuous learning and modifying one’s approach to potential technological changes are essential to remain employable. The findings suggest that organizations should use RAIA technologies in their operations in a way that they gain their employees’ trust, thus valuing and utilizing human capital.” (Bhargava et al., 2020) Bhargava, A., Bester, M., & Bolton, L. (2020). Employees’ perceptions of the implementation of robotics, Artificial Intelligence, and automation (RAIA) on job satisfaction, Job Security, and Employability. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science, 6(1), 106–113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41347-020-00153-8 ______________________ https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/ictvt-17/25884538 The report identified personal attributes required for “today’s employees and eight skill groups to describe and define employability skills. The eight skill groupings are (1) communication skills, (2) teamwork skills, (3) problem-solving skills, (4) initiative and enterprise skills, (5) planning and organizing skills, (6) self-management skills, (7) learning skills, and (8) technology skills.” (Mariah, 2017)  Mariah, S. (2017). The character of the Vocational Teachers Work. Proceedings of the International Conference on Technology and Vocational Teachers (ICTVT 2017). https://doi.org/10.2991/ictvt-17.2017.46 ________________________________ https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41469-019-0050-0 “Felten et al. (2018) use an abilities-based approach to assess the link between recent advances in artificial intelligence and employment and wage growth. They find that occupations that require a relatively high proportion of software skills see growth in employment when affected by artificial intelligence, while other occupations do not see a meaningful relationship between the impact of artificial intelligence and employment growth.” (Manav Raj & Robert Seamans, 2019) Raj, M., Seamans, R. Primer on artificial intelligence and robotics. J Org Design 8, 11 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41469-019-0050-0 ___________ AI may replace some simpler aspects of your job such as translations, research but it cannot replace the strategic, creative and critical thinking skills a worker might possess. CBC National News. (2024, September 13) Will AI delete career paths for students? [Video]. CBC https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/video/9.6508547 ____________ https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2023/07/jobs-that-ai-cant-replace/ https://www.uscareerinstitute.edu/blog/65-jobs-with-the-lowest-risk-of-automation-by-ai-and-robo ts Imagine link: https://www.uscareerinstitute.edu/blog/65-jobs-with-the-lowest-risk-of-automation-by-ai-and-robo ts-Infographic World economic Forum: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2023/05/jobs-ai-cant-replace/ ___________ Workstation discussion: try: https://willrobotstakemyjob.com/rankings/lowest-risk-jobs 4) Kahoot! - Mo 5) Discussions: Should AI be incorporated into the workplace? - “What I found…” - 2) Have a 10 min discussion about topics