Electric Vehicles: Challenges and Solutions PDF

# ቀለሜ Official telegram channel! Join us, @Keleme_2013 @Keleme_2013 # Exam Class! Take the exams and know the secret! በ Exam Class ከ ቀለሜ ቻናል ጋር በመተባበር የተዘጋጀ ! ## Electric Vehicles ### Challenges - Vehicles cannot operate without lithium, cobalt, and "rare earths". - Few countries have el...

# ቀለሜ Official telegram channel! Join us, @Keleme_2013 @Keleme_2013 # Exam Class! Take the exams and know the secret! በ Exam Class ከ ቀለሜ ቻናል ጋር በመተባበር የተዘጋጀ ! ## Electric Vehicles ### Challenges - Vehicles cannot operate without lithium, cobalt, and "rare earths". - Few countries have electricity grids that can handle the demand for electric vehicles. ### Consensus - Governments and manufacturers believe that technological advancements will overcome these challenges. - Changing societal attitudes and environmental awareness will lead to a decrease in private car use. ### Key Factors for Success: - **Weight of batteries**: The lighter the battery, the more efficient the vehicle. - **Amount of power**: Batteries need adequate power to support driving range. - **Recharging speed**: Faster recharge times make electric vehicles more practical. ### History - Electric cars were common in the late 1800s. - Battery exchange stations were used instead of recharging. ### Battery Swapping - Battery swapping can alleviate the issue of long recharge times for electric vehicles. - However, current battery size and weight make it difficult. ### Lithium-ion Batteries - New lithium-ion batteries are more efficient but still large and heavy. - Advanced battery technology is essential to allow for smaller and lighter batteries. ### Renewable Energy - The goal is to create self-sufficient recharging stations with renewable energy sources. - Solar panels, wind turbines, and water turbines can generate electricity. ### Questions - Will technology solve all the issues related to electric vehicles? - Can the world's poorer nations keep up with the electric vehicle revolution? ### Instruction 2: True or False 1. Columbia was predicted to have the continent's highest number of cars in 2020. - **True** 2. According to the writer, electric vehicles are a sustainable solution to our transport needs. - **False** 3. Policy makers assure that time will find a solution to the problem of electric car revolution. - **True** 4. There is hardly any country that can provide the demand of electricity electric vehicles require. - **True** 5. The writer is not certain about whether environmental issues and the availability of vital materials impede the transition to electric cars. - **True** 6. After three decades, there will not be gasoline cars in the world. - **False** 7. The writer forecasts a reduction in the number of personal cars in the future. - **True** 8. According to the passage, shortage of essential components may result in a fall in the number of vehicles on the roads. - **True** 9. Research on car battery efficiency has almost reached the required level. - **True** 10. The concept of electric cars is almost as old as the invention of fuel run cars. - **True** ### Instruction 3: Multiple Choice 1. The general idea of paragraph 1 is: - A. Tesla is the leading electric vehicle producer. - B. A significant number of countries import electric cars. - **C. The transition to electric cars is coming.** - D. The price of electric cars is increasing. 2. The success of a transition to electric powered vehicles depends on advances in technologies in: - A. the weight of batteries - B. the amount of power batteries can produce - C. the speed at which electric car batteries can be recharged - **D. All of the above** 3 The transition to electric cars is not faced with the problem of: - A. ingredients for electric motors and batteries - **B. electricity grids** - C. vehicle factories - D. All of the above ### Instruction 4: Identifying Words or Phrases 1. "there" (para.1) refers to **In South Africa** 2. "their" (para. 1) refers to **Electric Cars** 3. "vital components and elements" (para. 3) refers to **Lithium, cobalt, and rare earths as well as silicon chips** 4. "they" (para. 5) refers to **Batteries** 5. "this prediction" (para. 4) refers to **Analysts' expectation** 6. "this area" (para. 8) refers to **The availability of clean renewable electric energy in sufficient amounts** 7. "it" (para. 9) refers to **Progress** ### Instruction 5: Finding Words or Phrases 1. disappointment (par.2) **embarrassment** 2. sharp rise (para.3) **drastically increased** 3. unsolvable (para.3) **insurmountable** 4. installed (para.8) **deployed** 5. obstacle (para.9) **impediment** 6. discovery (para. 5) **technological breakthrough** 7. exchanging (para. 7) **swapping** 8. convoy (para. 1) **purchase** 9. discourage (para. 4) **deter** 10. beginning (para.6) **down** ### Instruction 6: Filling in the blanks In many parts of the world, traditional ways of life are faced with unprecedented existential challenges. People at the **grassroots** level are particularly affected by the deteriorating state of the natural environment. Recently, the size of vegetation cover, especially forest reserves has **plummeted** dramatically. In the last couple of decades alone, owing to the deforestation that occurred in search of more farm land, the size of the natural forest reserve has **plummeted** so that there is only a negligible amount remaining. **Indigenous** communities are particularly affected by deforestation. In some places, traditional communities and new settlers are in a state of perennial conflict, and the **aggravation** between them is growing ever more serious. The once sporadic conflicts **have** now become very **insidious**. Some among new settlers move with an **inevitable** plan to destabilize traditional communities, and as a result of this, sooner or later, a major conflict is **discord**. Traditional communities have already been **afflicted** by such conflicts before. They are very poor people who have nothing except their natural habitat - the forests. Unless local governments take timely action, the conflict between the traditional communities and the new settlers may become **rampant**. Hence, concerned bodies should design policy measures that enable the traditional communities to **coexist** peacefully with the settlers. ### Instruction 7: Choose the alternative that completes each sentence correctly. 1. The professor is eighty-five, but he (could/may/must) still read and write without glasses. - **could** 2. It's very cold today. Do you think it (should/might/must/) snow later? - **might** 3. The car is signaling that it has run out of fuel. They (will/ought to/might) have filled the car with petrol before they set off. - **ought to** 4. My teacher and I agreed to discuss about the assignment. Accordingly, I (am meeting/will meet/meet) him at 3 p.m. this afternoon. - **am meeting** 5. My father and mother (will celebrate/are going to celebrate/celebrate) their 25th marriage anniversary next week. - **are going to celebrate** ### Instruction 8: Reported Speech 1. "I went to campus and then to the bank", he said. - **He said that he had gone to campus and then to the bank.** 2. "What are you doing tomorrow?" he asked. - **He wanted to know what I am doing the next day.** 3. "Don't move!", the police officer ordered. - **The police officer ordered me not to move.** 4. "I will come next week", the teacher said. - **The teacher said that he would come the following week** 5. "I have just arrived from Addis", the passenger told the police. - **The passenger told the police that he had just arrived from Addis.**