ELS Exam Reviewer PDF

**EARTH AS A SYSTEM** a. b. c. **UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS OF EARTH** **1. Liquid Water** - **2. Heat Source** - **3. Atmosphere** - **BASIC EARTH SUBSYSTEMS** **1. Geosphere** - - **2. Hydrosphere** - - **3. Atmosphere** - - **4. Biosphere** - - **HOW...

**EARTH AS A SYSTEM** a. b. c. **UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS OF EARTH** **1. Liquid Water** - **2. Heat Source** - **3. Atmosphere** - **BASIC EARTH SUBSYSTEMS** **1. Geosphere** - - **2. Hydrosphere** - - **3. Atmosphere** - - **4. Biosphere** - - **HOW ARE THE FOUR SUBSYSTEMS CLOSELY LINKED WITH ONE ANOTHER?** **a. Carbon Cycle** - - - - **b. Volcanic Eruption** - - - - **ASSESSMENT** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. **MINERALS** - - - - - **MINERAL GROUPS** **Silicate Minerals** - **Non-Silicate Minerals** - **CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS OF MINERALS** **1. Silicates** - - **2. Oxides** - - **3. Sulfides** - - **4. Sulfates** - - **5. Halides** - - **6. Carbonates** - - **7. Native Metals** - - **PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MINERALS** - - - - - **CRYSTAL FORM** - **THE 6 CRYSTAL SYSTEMS** **1. Isometric** - - **2. Monoclinic** - - **3. Tetragonal** - - **4. Triclinic** - - **5. Orthorhombic** - - **6. Hexagonal** - - **HABIT** - **1. Dendritic** - **2. Drusy** - **3. Granular** - **4. Massive** - **5. Reniform** - **6. Tabular** - **CLEAVAGE and FRACTURE** - - **LUSTER** - - **COLOR and STREAK** - - **HARDNESS** - **MOHS SCALE OF HARDNESS** **Hardness of Common Minerals & Common Scratching Tools:** 1-Talc 2-Gypsum - fingernail 3-Calcite - penny 4-Fluorite 5-Apatite - glass and a steel nail 6-Feldspar - a streak plate 7-Quartz 8-Topaz 9-Corundum 10-Diamond **DENSITY** - **COMMON ROCK FORMING ELEMENTS** - **MINERAL RESOURCES IN THE Philippines** **Metallic Minerals** - - - - - **Non-Metallic Minerals** - - - \*Earth's materials include rocks and minerals. They exhibit characteristic features and have economic value. **ASSESSMENT** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. **ROCKS** - **3 CLASSIFICATIONS OF ROCKS** **A. Igneous Rocks** - **2 TYPES OF IGNEOUS ROCKS:** **1. Crystalline** **a. Intrusive or Plutonic** - - **b. Extrusive or volcanic** - - GRANITE -\> RHYOLITE DIORITE -\> ANDESITE GABBRO -\> BASALT **c. Porphyritic** - - **2. Pyroclastic Rocks** - - **B. Sedimentary Rocks** - **3 WAYS IN WHICH SEDIMENTARY ROCKS FORM** **1. Clastic Sedimentary rocks** - - - **2. Crystalline Sedimentary rocks** - - **3. Bioclastic Sedimentary rocks** - - **C. Metamorphic Rocks** - - **COMMON METAMORPHIC ROCKS** **A. Foliated Rocks** **1. Slate** - - **2. Phyllite** - **3. Schists** - **B. Non-foliated Rocks** **1. Marble** - - **2. Quartzite** - - **ASSESSMENT** 1. Obsidian, granite, and basalt are rocks formed from molten rock that has cooled. What kind of rocks are they? **Igneous Rock** 2. This rock was formed by smaller pieces of rock that settled at the bottom of a lake millions of years ago. What type of rock is this? **Sedimentary Rock** 3. Which rock forms from the cooling of volcanic ash on Earth\'s surface? **Extrusive igneous rock** 4. What is the series of processes that change one type of rock into another type of rock? **Rock Cycle** 5. What sedimentary rock that was formed by organisms or contains the remains of organisms? **Bioclastic Sedimentary Rock** 6. Which rock withstands weathering well and is often used for statues? **Marble** 7. Which rock is made from pebbles cemented together? **Conglomerate** 8. What do you call this type of igneous rock has a spongy appearance and floats in water? **Pumice** 9. How are metamorphic rocks formed? **heat and pressure** 10. What is the building blocks of rocks? **Minerals**  **EXOGENIC PROCESSES** - **WEATHERING** - **1. MECHANICAL WEATHERING** - **PROCESSES of MECHANICAL WEATHERING** **a. Exfoliation** - **b. Frost Wedging** - **c. Root Wedging** - **d. Thermal Expansion** - **e. Salt Wedging** - **2. CHEMICAL WEATHERING** - **PROCESSES of CHEMICAL WEATHERING** **a. Dissolution** - **b. Hydrolysis** - **c. Oxidation** - **d. Hydration** - **e. Biological Weathering** - **EROSION** - **TRANSPORT** - **TRANSPORTATION of SEDIMENTS** - **MASS WASTING** - - - - - - - - **CLASSIFICATIONS:** **a. Speed of movement** - - **b. Type of material** - **c. Type of motion** - - - - - - **DEPOSITION** - **SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS** - - - - - - - - - - - **ENDOGENIC PROCESSES** - - **VOLCANISM** **Magma** - - **Volcano** - **Eruption** - **2 TYPES:** **1. Effusive eruption** - **2. Explosive eruption** - **1. Shield volcano** - **2. Stratovolcanoes or composite volcanoes** - **3. Cinder cone** - **EARTHQUAKE** - - - - - - - - - - **DEFORMATION** - - **Folding** - **PARTS of a FOLD:** 1. 2. 3. **TYPES of a FOLD** 1. 2. 3. **KINDS of TECTONIC PROCESSES:** 1. - 2. - 3. - **Faulting** - **KINDS of FAULT** - - **OROGENESIS** - - - - **Tectonics** - **Continental Drift** - - - - - - - - **Plate Boundaries** - - **3 TYPES:** **1. Divergent Boundary** - **2. Convergent boundary** - **3. Transform plate boundary** - No description available. No description available.  **ENVIRONMENT HAZARDS** **Natural Hazard** - **Natural Disaster** - **Hazard Mitigation** - **Earthquakes** - - - **LANDSLIDES** - **VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS** - **Tsunami** - **NATURAL PROCESSES** 1. a. - b. - c. - 2. a. - b. - c. - 3.