EDTE 102 Social Foundations of Education in Ghana Lecture 2 PDF

EDTE 102: SOCIAL FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION IN GHANA Dr. Priscilla Commey Mintah Week 2; Lecture 2  Lecture 2 Aims Of Education Let Me ask you a question 1. If someone dashed, you 1 million dollars today will you still be in school? 2. If someone you truly love tell...

EDTE 102: SOCIAL FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION IN GHANA Dr. Priscilla Commey Mintah Week 2; Lecture 2  Lecture 2 Aims Of Education Let Me ask you a question 1. If someone dashed, you 1 million dollars today will you still be in school? 2. If someone you truly love tells you to stop schooling and come and marry him or her for One million dollars with free job. Will you still be in School? 3. If the USA President says stop everything you are doing and come and live in the USA with all your family, free Job, free monthly allowance, Free accommodation, food, car etc. Will you still be in school? To a large extent, your response to the questions gives us some ideas about what your aims for education are. What Do We Mean By Aims Of Education The aim of Education is the …. 1. Reason for education - Purpose 2. Goals for education – results education seeks to achieve 3. Problem education seeks to solve – Solutions  1. Needs – what you consider essential for your survival – (Physical, What Shapes Psychological & Social needs) An Individual’s Aim Of 2. Problems – challenges and limitations Education? you want to overcome 3. Value Systems – what you consider important and unimportant 4. World View – how you see the life  Ultimate Aim Of Education The aim of any educational system should be to develop a wholistic human being It must develop persons 1. “Head” - represents intellectual development 2. “Heart” - represents moral development 3. “Hand” – represents acquisition of manual or vocational skills  Cognitive Affective Bloom’s Domain Domain Taxonomy Educational Objectives Psychomotor Domain  Broad Aims Of Education Physical Development Education should aim at the physical development of the individual How Education Can Help Achieve Physical Development 1. Observing personal & Social hygiene in school – clean ups 2. Activity based learning – learning involving movements 3. Games and sporting activities 4. Health inspection at school 5. Studying science 6. Serving nutritious snacks and meals at school  Education must help the Mental Development individual to.. ❖Develop problem solving skills ❖Become mentally healthy. How Can Education Be Used To Achieve Mental Development? 1. Teaching School Subjects –present students with mentally challenging and stimulating experiences to make them think critically. 2. Use audio-visual aids in teaching 3. Training children to reason in an abstract or deductively and inductively, at the “stage of formal operations” (about the age of 11 and above). 4. Use guidance and counselling programmes to help students tackle their personal struggles 5. Employ problem solving teaching techniques like Discovery Method, Project Method and Activity Method  Social Development Education should aim at helping individuals to … 1. Be sociable 2. Live in harmony with others in society How Can Education Be Used To Achieve Social Development? Put in place events and activities that require students to work together which may include: 1. Games and athletics – inter house competitions 2. Clubs - drama, debate, exhibition School Entertainment 3. Group Work – group presentations, group project, mixed ability groups like Houses/Sections. 4. Encourage democracy in class Emotional Development Education should aim at 1. Developing positive emotions such as love, joy and happiness of the individual 2. Managing emotions such as fear, jealousy, envy, worry, anxiety and aggression How Can Education Be Used To Achieve Emotional Development? 1.Motivate learners to manage both negative and positive emotions by using rewards and praises 2.Set the right examples by managing your emotions properly 3.Assist students to directly control specific emotions like fear, anger, sexual urge etc. 4.Help students to use their religious beliefs, cultural values and their backgrounds to bring certain emotions under control. For example, a Christian learns to overcome anger and fear 5.Help learners to translate emotional energies into useful activities 6. Children can be encouraged to dramatize their fears away. For example, masks can be used in drama to help children who are afraid of ghosts and bogey-men. 7.Use play therapy and counselling sessions to help learners to manage negative emotions. Moral Development The Aim of Education should be to: 1. Help learners to make good judgement of people and situation 2. To tell right from wrong 3. Develop good manners 4. Make informed decisions How Can Education Be Used To Achieve Moral Development? 1. Teach students to know what is right and wrong 2. Enforce positive and consistent discipline 3. Use rewards as incentives that can be used in moral training 4. Use persuasions and involve students in setting rules 5. Moral training at home and in school should aim at one and the same thing. The child may be confused in case the training at home differs from training at school 6. Organize seminars on topical issues  Spiritual Development Whatever the belief held by people, education should aim at the spiritual development of the individual How Can Education Be Used To Achieve Spiritual Development? 1. Expose students to the teaching of religions. 2. School worship should also be conducted. The art of praying should be taught. 3. Student should be guided to observe moral codes of their religions 4. Students should be taught to love others as themselves 5. Students guided to form the habit of giving willingly  Vocational Skills Education should 1. Predispose learners to different vocations. 2. Guide them to acquire occupational skills. 3. Place learners in the vocations of their interest, for example, carpentry, etc. 4. Encourage learners to have respect for manual work and use their hands in such work 1. Teachers should encourage creative and manipulative skills, for example, in art and crafts. 2. Takes learners on excursions to various workplaces 3. Include vocational and technical subjects such as agriculture, woodwork, tailoring, metal work, typing and accounting should be included in the school curriculum. 4. Guidance coordinators should be employed to guide and place children in occupations. Social Aims Of Education 1. Social aims of education has to do with qualities and aspirations society expect one to have after completing the educational process 2. Sometimes social aims of education may conflict with one’s individual aim.  The aims of a society or a nation like Ghana can better be formulated considering her characteristics, needs and aspirations  Characteristics Of A Developing Society Like Ghana 1. Large percentage of primary products constituting the National Products 2. Economic mismanagement 3. Political instability 4. Sticking to archaic cultures 5. Shortage of food and manufactured products 6. Low level of sanitation and health 7. High degree of dual economy 8. Size of population and rate of population growth 9. Unexploited resources  Needs Of Ghana The following may be considered as priority needs of Ghana. 1. Agricultural and industrial products like food, clothes, machines, etc. 2. Well-equipped hospitals and clinics; medical personnel like doctors, nurses and midwives to see to the health needs of the people 3. Political stability through political education 4. Good morals 5. Transportation 6. Vocational and technical skills to solve many of the economic problems 7. Cultural and civic education Aims and Functions of Education in Ghana  What Should Be The Aims And Functions Of Education In A Developing Country Like Ghana? 1. Education should aim at making the population proficient in numeracy and literacy. People should be able to read, write and deal with mathematical issues in their daily lives. 2. Critical and logical Thinking - should lead to the development of creative and inquiry skills, resulting in critical and logical thinking in everyday problem solving. 3. Vocational and Technical Skills. 4. Education should develop the vocational and technical skills of learners and also satisfy the manpower requirement of the society. 5. Political Stability - Education should produce patriotic and informed citizens who will contribute ideas to solve the country’s numerous problems 6. Patriotic and informed citizens - Education should produce patriotic and informed citizens who will contribute ideas to solve the country’s numerous problems, or even take active part in communal labour in the towns and villages 7. Morality - Education should aim at producing honest, truthful, courageous and kind boys and girls, men and women. 8. Mental Physical Health - Education should produce a healthy Ghanaian society. It should make people respect the rules of hygiene. 9. Ghanaian Culture Heritage thank you  Any Questions?