Tissue Photomicrographs PDF

TISSUE PHOTOMICROGRAPHS TYPES OF TISSUES it contracts to provide movement  EPITHELIAL TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Simple Squamous Single layer of flat, hexagonal cells Nuclei (like bumps) img0037 Cross...

TISSUE PHOTOMICROGRAPHS TYPES OF TISSUES it contracts to provide movement  EPITHELIAL TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Simple Squamous Single layer of flat, hexagonal cells Nuclei (like bumps) img0037 Cross section  EPITHELIAL TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Simple Squamous  Lung Tissue alveolus pulmonary alveolar alveolar artery macrophages wall branch  EPITHELIAL TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Simple Squamous Glomeruli  EPITHELIAL TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Simple Squamous - lining of blood vessels (endothelium)  EPITHELIAL TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Simple Squamous https://www.noelways.com/courses/Body%20in%20Health%20and%20Dis/Lect ures/Lec_2_Tissues_Mem/Hist_Images/27_Serous_Mem.html  EPITHELIAL TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Simple Cuboidal -Single layer of cube-like cells -With more organelles compared to squamous type - others with cilia or microvilli  EPITHELIAL TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Simple Cuboidal kidney tubules Kidney tubules  EPITHELIAL TISSUE CLASSIFICATION kidney tubules  EPITHELIAL TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Simple Cuboidal thyroid follicular cells Thyroid Gland  EPITHELIAL TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Simple Cuboidal  EPITHELIAL TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Simple Cuboidal  EPITHELIAL TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Simple Columnar  single layer of tall, thin cells  contain organelles that enable them to perform complex functions  some have cilia or microvilli  With goblet cells  EPITHELIAL TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Simple Columnar fallopian tubes  EPITHELIAL TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Simple Columnar  EPITHELIAL TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Simple Columnar Jejunum  EPITHELIAL TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Pseudostratified Columnar  Respiratory Epithelium respiratory cilia epithelium goblet cells ciliated cells lamina propria  EPITHELIAL TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Pseudostratified Columnar cells with nuclei at different levels cilia  EPITHELIAL TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Pseudostratified Columnar  EPITHELIAL TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Stratified Squamous may be keratinized or non-keratinized flattened cells Cuboidal cells basement membrane  EPITHELIAL TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Stratified Squamous: Functions & Locations Epidermis (keratinized) Skin Thin Skin Thick Skin  EPITHELIAL TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Stratified Squamous Esophagus  EPITHELIAL TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Stratified Squamous: Functions & Locations  EPITHELIAL TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Stratified Cuboidal Cuboidal cells  EPITHELIAL TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Stratified Cuboidal: Functions & Locations 1. absorption, secretion & protection - sweat gland ducts - ovarian follicular cells  EPITHELIAL TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Stratified Cuboidal: Functions & Locations Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium secondary follicle Ovaries corona radiata secondary oocyte primary follicle antrum  EPITHELIAL TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Stratified Columnar -more than one layer of epithelial cells, but only the surface cells are columnar; deeper layer cells are irregular or cuboidal in shape -Functions and locations: -secretion, protection & absorption - mammary gland ducts - larynx - part of male urethra Mammary gland duct  EPITHELIAL TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Transitional  EPITHELIAL TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Transitional  Urinary Bladder Transitional Lamina Detrusor Submucosa Muscle Epithelium Propria  Bladder Epithelium transitional epithelium lamina propria  CONNECTIVE TISSUE - most abundant and widely distributed  Collagenous Fibers LOOSE  White  Collagen  “Rope”  Strong and flexible  Loose or dense Reticular Fibers  Short & very fine  Collagen  Form supporting NETWORK (Reticulum) Elastic Fibers  Yellow  Elastin  “coiled metal bed springs”  Not very strong BUT elastic  CONNECTIVE TISSUE FEATURES Basic Elements of Connective Tissues 1. Extracellular matrix a. protein fibers b. ground substance c. fluid 2. Cells Ground substance  Shapeless background which holds the cells and protein fibers  With water and proteoglycans  CONNECTIVE TISSUE FEATURES Basic Elements of Connective Tissues 1. Extracellular matrix a. protein fibers b. ground substance c. fluid 2. Cells CELLS 1. Blast 2. Cyte 3. Clast 4. Mast 5. Macrophages  CONNECTIVE TISSUE FEATURES Basic Elements of Connective Tissues  CONNECTIVE TISSUE Classification A. Loose (areolar) B. Adipose C. Dense connective 1. dense collagenous 2. dense elastic D. Cartilage 1. Hyaline c. 2. Fibrocartilage 3. Elastic c. E. Bone F. Blood G. Reticular  CONNECTIVE TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Loose (Areolar) Fills the spaces between the organs the red here are the elastic fibers.  CONNECTIVE TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Loose (Areolar)  CONNECTIVE TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Loose (Areolar) Dermis are mostly Loose Areolar.  CONNECTIVE TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Adipose * It has fats that serves as protection. * Adipose is color Yellow. - with very little extracellular matrix - matrix with collagen & elastic fibers - nucleus & cytoplasm peripherally located - packing, thermal insulator, energy storage, protection of organs against injury from being bumped or jarred  CONNECTIVE TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Adipose * Seen in the Hypodermis or in the Subcutaneous layer.  CONNECTIVE TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Adipose * Cells are clumped together with nucleus. Adipose Cartilage  CONNECTIVE TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Dense Collagenous  matrix consisting mostly of collagen fibers which may be arranged in the same direction (dense regular) or in many different directions (dense irregular)  provide pulling strength along the axis of fibers 1. Dense Collagenous - has more protein fibers * Collagen fibers are one of the 2. Dense Elastics - fewer protein fibers. strongest fibers in the body.  CONNECTIVE TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Dense Collagenous (Regular) Tendons attach muscles to the bones. Tendon  CONNECTIVE TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Dense Collagenous (Regular) Moves in a one direction.  CONNECTIVE TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Dense Collagenous (Irregular) Moves in different directions. Ex. Skin  CONNECTIVE TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Dense Elastic  same direction of fibers: ligaments between vertebrae, vocal cords  different fiber directions: blood vessel wall - Either Same or Opposite direction. - has the ability to stretch and recoil.  CONNECTIVE TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Dense Elastic * provides elasticity to cell fibers.  CONNECTIVE TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Cartilage Elastic cartilage fibrocartilage  CONNECTIVE TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Hyaline Cartilage  most abundant type  collagen fibers small and evenly dispersed  Ends of long bones  tracheal/bronchial rings, costal cartilage, nasal cartilage * example: bronchial, nasal cartilage, etc.  forms smooth articulating surfaces  forms embryonic skeleton  Hyaline Cartilage * this is where cartilage grow. Pericondrum - spaces between Perichondrium the cartilages (blue) Matrix Fibrous Layer of Perichondrium Lacunae with Chondrogenic Layer Chondrocytes Of Perichondrium Sternum Articular cartilage can be it is connected because of the seen also in chicken. coastal cartilage. This provides protections from injury.  CONNECTIVE TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Hyaline Cartilage Provides protection from injury in the ribs. Costal cartilages average count of growth how? female: 18 years old epiphyseal will close at that age or male: 21 years old be calcified and then will become epiphyseal line. rare cases: till 23 to 25 years old. * for bone growth  CONNECTIVE TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Hyaline Cartilage Tracheal rings  CONNECTIVE TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Fibrocartilage * can resist tearing or pulling. - with more collagen fibers than hyaline c. - fibers arranged in thick bundles - flexible & can withstand considerable pressure - connects structures subjected to great pressure  Fibrocartilage * larger and stronger * found in the vertebrae (Lumbar) Lacuna Matrix  CONNECTIVE TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Fibrocartilage Lumbar Vertenbrae Can also be found in the Knee - it is made of fibrocartilage. * Old people go through degeneration that makes their bones weak as they age.  CONNECTIVE TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Fibrocartilage * To withstand the pressure of child birth.  CONNECTIVE TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Elastic Cartilage * Mostly made of Elastic protein fibers. (can also be made from collagen) * can turn back to original position or place (ex. ear) - with elastic fibers appearing as coiled fibers among bundles of collagen fibers  Elastic Cartilage * Dense * The color blue are the elastic matrix with elastic fibers The color Blue part Perichondrium fibrous perichondrium chondrogenic layer of perichondrium lacunae with chondrocytes  CONNECTIVE TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Elastic Cartilage Auditory tubes are made of Elastic Cartilage to withstand sound waves.  CONNECTIVE TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Elastic Cartilage  Epiglottis  Auditory tubes to withstand sound waves.  CONNECTIVE TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Cartilage Elastic cartilage fibrocartilage  CONNECTIVE TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Trabeculae are the spaces in Bone between the spongy bones to withstand weights Spongy bone are located in the spongy compact Lamellae are the matrix in between  Bone *hard; with living cells and mineralized matrix. Types: 1. compact 2. Spongy  CONNECTIVE TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Bone Osteocytes in lacunae  CONNECTIVE TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Blood liquid connective tissue increase amount of erythrocytes RBC - Polycythemia Vera made of formed elements and plasma (liquid property) if bumaba - anemia  with liquid matrix and blood cells  Transports substances, protects from infection, regulates temperature Thrombocytosis Erythrocytes - red blood cells carries the oxygen - increase amount of Platelets (increase leukocytes - white blood cells platelets) Platelets - responsible for blood clotting for when we are Thrombocytopenia - injured decreased amount of platelets. "the river of life" carries water, proteins, hormones, and many (increase bleeding) more that are important to the body. this may cause death.  CONNECTIVE TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Blood rbc wbc platelets  looks like a donut small 5-6 million platelets is the normal range of RBC 4k to 10k normal range of WBC 250k to 450k normal range of platelets treating injury to fight microorganism 1st line of defense for allergic reactions or prevent infection. (Respond team) parasitic infections.  CONNECTIVE TISSUE CLASSIFICATION Reticular * specialized type of connective tissue made of reticular fibers. * long  network of interlacing reticular fibers and reticular cells that are loosely arranged  supporting framework (liver, spleen, lymph nodes)  binds together smooth muscle tissue cells Skeletal Muscle Skeletal Muscle  Skeletal Muscle note: this picture is included in the exams. A band I band nuclei  MUSCLE TISSUE TYPES * involuntary control Cardiac Muscle * there are spaces in between because they are branched. (intercallated disk) to coordinate contraction in the cardiac muscle. * unicellular Cardiac Muscle branched cell cardiac nuclei intercalated discs looks like a bamboo because of the intercalated discs Cardiac Muscle  Smooth Muscle * no striations * Spindle shaped tissue. * uni nucleated - single nuclei * Increase Deification * found in the hollow organ (liver, stomach, intestine) eyes * for digestion and absorption. * Involuntary Control * change in the pupil size as it contracts smooth muscle cell nuclei  * forms the brain, spinal cord, nerves * composed of neurons and supporting NERVOUS TISSUE cells. (neuroglia or glial cells) * specialized in conduction of electrical impulses (sends information to the brain) support and protect the neuron. Insulate the axon. Binds or holds the neurons together. Astrocyte - holds the neurons together. provide nutrients in blood supply. Ependymal Cells - cerebro spinal fluid NERVOUS TISSUE Oligodendrocyte - wraps the axons Multipolar Neuron it has many dendrites and only one axon. soma dendrites axon  Motor Neurons * Multi Polar axon axon terminal muscle fiber  Nerve this illustration is the cut section of a nerve cell  108 Let’s Review © 2019 McGraw-Hill Education  109 img0037 © 2019 McGraw-Hill Education  110 © 2019 McGraw-Hill Education  111 © 2019 McGraw-Hill Education  112 © 2019 McGraw-Hill Education  113 © 2019 McGraw-Hill Education  114 © 2019 McGraw-Hill Education  115 Simple Cuboidal Epithelium © 2019 McGraw-Hill Education  Hyaline Cartilage 116 © 2019 McGraw-Hill Education  117 Stratified Squamous Epithelium Keratinized © 2019 McGraw-Hill Education  118 Pseudo stratified Columnar Epithelium ciliated © 2019 McGraw-Hill Education  Skeletal Muscle 119 © 2019 McGraw-Hill Education  120 Simple Columnar Ciliated © 2019 McGraw-Hill Education  121 Stratified Squamous © 2019 McGraw-Hill Education  122 Dense Regular Collagenous Tissue Tendons © 2019 McGraw-Hill Education  123 Vaginal Canal Stratified Squamous Non Keratinized © 2019 McGraw-Hill Education  124 © 2019 McGraw-Hill Education  125 © 2019 McGraw-Hill Education  126 © 2019 McGraw-Hill Education  127 © 2019 McGraw-Hill Education  129 Multipolar Many Dendrites and only one Axons soma dendrites axon © 2019 McGraw-Hill Education  130 Smooth Muscle © 2019 McGraw-Hill Education