Basic Principle of Ecology PDF

Basic Principle of Ecology Ecology (from the Greek, Oikoo, oikos, "household", and oyoo, logos, "knowledge') is the scientific study of the distribution and abundance of life and the interactions between organisms and their environment The word "ECOLOGY" is often used more loosely in such terms in c...

Basic Principle of Ecology Ecology (from the Greek, Oikoo, oikos, "household", and oyoo, logos, "knowledge') is the scientific study of the distribution and abundance of life and the interactions between organisms and their environment The word "ECOLOGY" is often used more loosely in such terms in common parlance as a synonym for the natural environment or environmentalism. A. Law on creation of DENR Executive Order No. 192 dated June 10, 1987 "Providing for the Reorganization of the Department of Environment, Energy and Natural Resources, Renaming it as the Department of Euvironment and Natural Resources, and for other Purposes" The Department is mandated to be the primary agency responsible for the conservation, management, development, and proper use of the country's environment and natural resources. 03 To accomplish this mandated, the Department shall be guided by the following objectives: 1. Assure the availability and sustainability of the country's natural resources through judícious use and 2. Increase the productivity of natural resources in order to meet the demands for forest, mineral, and resources of a growing population; 3. Enhance the contribution of natural resources for achieving national economic and social development; 4. Promote equitable access to natural resources by the different sectors of the population; 5. Conserve specific terrestrial and marine areas representative of the Philippines natural and cultural heritage for present and future generation. 04 B. Terms-Definition 1. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) An Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) is a "process that involves predicting and evaluating the likely impacts of a project (including cumulative impacts) on the environment during construction, commissioning, operation and abandonment. It also includes designing appropriate preventive, mitigating and enhancement measures addressing these consequences to protect the environment and the community's welfare". 2. ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE A certificate of Environment Compliance Commitment to which the Proponent conforms to, after DENR-EMB explains the ECC conditions, by signing the sworn undertaking of full responsibility over implementation of specified measures which are necessary to comply with existing environmental regulations or to operate within best environmental practices that are not currently by existing laws. 05 Content of an ECC An ECC shall contain specific measure and conditions that the project Proponent has to undertake before and during the operation of a project, and in some cases, during the project's abandonment phase to mitigate identified environment impacts. Scope of project or undertaking Conditions conforned with by the proponent to implement the mitigation measures for potentially negative impacts and/or enhancement measures for potentially positive impacts as identified in the EIA Report. Suggestions/recommendations to assist LGUs and other agencies of the government to incorporate the EIA Results in their decision-making process. 3. CERTIFICATE OF NON COVERAGE (CNC) A Certificate of Non-Coverage (CNC) is issued by the EMB certifying that, based on the submitted project description; the project is not covered by the EIS System and is not required to secure an environment compliance certificate or ECC 07 4. ENVIRONMENTALLY CRITICAL PROJECT Projects belonging to protect types declared thru Proclamation No. 2146 and Proclamation No. 803 which may pose significant negative environmental impact at certain thresholds of operation regardless of location. Updating of technical descriptions of ECPs is vested on the DENR-EMB thru Section 2-d of AO 42 (2002), in coordination with the DTI as provided for in Section 3-A of AO 42. 08 ENVIRONMENTALLY CRITICAL AREA A general area declared thru Proclamation 2146 as environmentally sensitive such that significant environmental impacts are expected if certain types of thresholds of proposed projects are located, developed, or implemented in it. Updating of technical descriptions of ECAs is vested on the DENR-EMB thru Section 2-D or AO 42 (2002) 09 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT BUREAU PHILIPPINE ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS OVERVIEW 1. R.A.9275 (CLEAN WATR ACT OF 2004} 2. R.A 8479 (CLEAN WATER ACT OF 1999) 3. R.A 6969 ( TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS AND NUCLEAR WASTE CONTROL ACT OF 1990 4. R.A. 9003 ( ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT OF 2000) 5. P.D 1586 ( ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT) 10 R.A 9275 CLEAN WATER ACT *REGULATES THE DISPOSAL OF WASTE WATER *REQUIRE INDUSTRIES TO SECURE DISCHARGE PERMIT BEFORE DISCHARGING *DISCHARGE RATES OF POLLUTANTS ( BOD AND TSS)-P5 PER KG OF POLLUTANT *VIOLATION FINES: P10T-200T R.A 8749 - CLEAN AIR ACT *REGULATES EMISSIONS OF AIR POLLUTANTS FROM STATIONARY AND MOBILE SOURCES *REQUIRES PERMIT TO OPERATE (PO) AIR POLLUTION SOURCE EQUIPMENT(APSE) AND AIR POLLUTION CONTROL FACILITY (APCF) VIOLATION: FINES- P10T-P100T 11 R.A9003 ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT *REQUIRES SEGREGATION O WASTE AT SOURCE , PROPER COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL OF WASTES *LGU AS THE LEAD AGENCY FOR ENFORCEMENT *DENR -EMB PROVIDES TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE R.A 6969- TOXIC , HAZARDOUS AND NUCLEAR WASTES ACT *REGULATES ,RESTRICT AND PROHIBITS THE IMPORTATION , MANUFUCTURE , PROCESSING SALE, DISTRIBUTION , USE AND DISPOSAL OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES AND MIXTURES THAT PRESENT UNREASONABLE RISK AND OR INJURY TO HEALTH OR THE ENVIRONMENT , TO PROHIBIT THE ENTRY EVEN IN THE TRANSIT OF HAZARDOUS AND NUCLEAR WASTES AND THEIR DISPOSAL INTO PHILIPPINE TERRITORIALLIMITS FOR WHATEVER PURPOSE. 12 P.D. 1586 PRINCIPLE *PLANNING TOOL THAT REQUIRES PROJECT TO UNDERGO EIA PROCESS BEFORE ACTUAL IMPLEMENTATION. PROJECT CATEGORY A. ENVIRONMENTALLY CRITICAL PROJECTS B. PROJECTS LOCATED IN ECA C. PROJECTS FALL IN CATEGORY OF NON COVERAGE PD 1586-ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS 1. LAND- SOIL/LAND MODIFICATION 2. AIR-AIR QUALITY 3. WATER-WATER CONTAMINATION,WATER POLLUTION 4. PEOPLE-ROADWAYS,ECONOMIC ATTRIBUTE PROJECT PHASES:1.PRE CONSTRUCTION 2.CONSTRUCTION 3.OPERATION 4.ABANDONEMENT PD1586 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS 1.LAND- SOIL/LAND MODIFICATION 2. AIR- AIR QUALITY 3.WATER- WATER CONTAMINATION ,WATER POLLUTION 4.PEOPLE-ROAWAYS ECONOMIC ATTRIBUTE PROJECT PHASES: 1.PRE CONSTRUCTION 2.CONSTRUCTION3.OPERATION 4.ABANDONEMENT REVISED PROCEDURAL MANUAL FOR DENR ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 30 SERIES OF 2003 (DAO 03-30) Project Grouping Matrix for Determination of EIA Report Types Types of Reports -Environmental Impact Statement -Initial Environmental Examination Report -Initial Environmental Examination Checklist Infrastructure / Subdivision -Certificate of Non-Coverage Form Documentary Requirements - Request Letter - IEE Report - Proof of Ownership - Site Development Plan - Impact Management Plan - Environmental Monitoring Plan - Project Environment Monitoring and Audit Prioritization Scheme - Panoramic Pictures of the Project site - Geographical Coordinates - Email Address - Contact Number - Zoning Certification - Letter address to MGB (Eggar) IEE Checklist for Housing Dev't Projects I. INTRODUCTION The Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System was formally established by virtue of· Presidential Decree 1586. It requires the submission of Environmental Impact Statements (EIS) for environmentally critical projects and Initial Environment Examination (IEE) for [rojrcts which are located in environmentally critical areas as provided in its Implementing Rules and Regulations(IRR) and Presidential Proclamation No. 246, series of 1981 In 1996 DENR issued Department Administrative Order 37 (DAO 96-37) to further strengthen the EIS System. DAO 96-37 Article II. Section 9.0 (Contents of the EIS) provides that "Some or all of the foregoing items may, when appropriate, be presented in a format using the checklist approach." Pursuant to DAO 96-37, Memorandum Circular Number 4, Series of 1998 was issued by the Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) to simplify the system. MC 98-4 (Annex 1) defined the IEE Checklist as a simplified form in lieu of the standard EIS document. It provides a list of projects with IEEchecklists, the format and contents of the IEE Checklist, and implementing guidelines. To further assist the development of projects in ECAS while ensuring that environmental requirements are incorporated in project development, MC 3 Series of 2001 (Annex 2) by EMB presents an additional list of projects with IEE Checklists and refines the implementing guidelines for the preparation and submission of IEE Checklists. B.CONTENTS OF THIS GUIDE THIS GUIDE IS IUSED TO AID THE PROPONENT AN PREPARING AND SUBMITTING AN IEE CHECKLIST TO SECURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIAnCE CERTIFICATE (ECC) FOR A PROJECT LOCATED IN ECAs. This guide contains the following: Part II Scope and Coverage of the TTF Checklist for Selected Housing, Land Development and Other Building Projects. Part III Instructions for the Preparation and Submission of the IEE Checklist Part IV IEE Checklist Fann Part V Annexes: A. Definition of Terms of IEE Checklist for Selected Housing, Land Development and Other Building Projects B. EMB Regional Offices Directory SCOPE AND COVERAGE This section defines the scope and limitations to be covered and affected by this TEE checklist Such that projects with greater and or lower than the defined scope, the proponent shall be required to submit an initial Environmental Examination (IEE) or an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) document or secure a Certificate of Non-Coverage (CNC). The accompanying IEE Checklist is applicable only for housing, land development, and other building development projects that include the following: 1. Residential Structures a. Apartments - with a livable floor area of above 1,000 m² b. Condominiums and Apartelles - regardless of area c. Motels and Hotels - 1.000 m of livable facilities area and below 2. Commercial and Business Centers a. Food Handling/Services - 1,000 m of floor facilities area and below (except for kiosk type and mobile fast foods) b. Funeral Parlors - regardless of area c. Others (offices, retailers, wholesalers, etc.) - above 1,000 m to 10,000 m' of floor facilities area 3 Institutional a. Educational/School Structures - above 1,000 m to 10,000 m² of floor facilities area b. Religious Buildings/Facilities - above 1,000 m2 of floor facilities area c. Hospital and Medical Buildings/Facilities - 1,000 m2 of floor facilities area and below 4. Housing and Land Development a. Resettlement - To hectares of land area and below b. Economic and Socialized Housing - Less than 5 hectares of land area c. Open Market Housing - Less than 5 hectares of land area d. Projects under Community Mortgage Program (CMP)-OFF-site CMPs II. INSTRUCTIONS ON THE PREPARATION AND SUBMISSION OF THE LEE CHECKLIST This section guides the project proponent on how to fill up and answer the various questions and information stated in the checklist. This section also informs the project proponent un permit requirements that need to be attached to the Checklist. Likewise, it directs the proponent where to submit the Checklist and apply for an ECC, the system and timeframe for DENR processing A. Contents of the IEE Checklist The IEE Checklist is a simplified form designed to assist proponents of selected projects in complying with the EIS system. The EE Checklist, to be accomplished and submitted before undertaking a project, consists of a series of questions that deal with issues and concerns about the proposed project and its environment. The questions will also provide the proponents with information on environmental impacts, both positive and negative, which will be caused by the proposed project. The ILE Checklist has to be submitted by all government and private sector proponents applying for an ECC covering the abovementioned projects. The information contained herein will serve as the basis for EMB to make a decision on the application for ECC. The IEE Checklist is divided into five (5) major sections: Section 1. Required Information - consist of the attachments required to be submitted as part of the IEE Checklist Section 2 General Information - presents the project title, name, and address of the project proponent, proponent's contact person, and the location of the project: Section 3. Project Description presents the plan/design components and activities during the construction and operation phases of the project; Section 4. Description of Project Surroundings - describes the existing physical, biological and socio-economic conditions where the project will be located; Section 5. Predicted and Assessed Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures - describes the possible impacts that are likely to occur in various stages of the project development and the corresponding mitigation and enhancement measures to prevent and/or minimize the occurrence of adverse impacts and strengthen the positive effects of the project; B. Instructions on the Preparation of the IEE Checklist 1. For Section 1: Required Information, write a checkmark (4) on the title or description of the document to be submitted. The listed documents are MUST requirements and should be submitted, Otherwise, the application will not be accepted. 2. The IEE Checklist can be prepared by the proponent or any of his/her authorized representative per EMB Memorandum Circular No. 04, Series of 1998 (17 August 1998). The proponent's signature in the report shall be sufficient. The proponent may seek the help of the DENR personnel by clarifying questions in the TEE Checklist. 3. To use the Checklist, the proponent may put a check (4) mark in the appropriate box. If your answer does not fall in any of the pre-determined responses, check (4) OTHERS and indicate your specific answer in the blank space provided or use additional sheets as necessary. If some questions are not applicable to your project, write N/A on the blank space or column. 4. To facilitate and assist the proponent in answering Section 5 of this checklist, a menu is provided to serve as a guide and reference. However, it should be noted that this only serves as a menu checklist hence, the proponent is highly encouraged to identify additional impacts and mitigation/ enhancement measures other than those provided. The proponent may put a check (4) to the columns of Y or N on the predetermined and identified Mitigation/Enhancement measures column. The proponent may choose the mitigating measures appropriate to the impacts identified for the proposed project. He/She may write clarificatory words/phrases in the column of REMARKS proponent 5. Answers to the questions are not be strictly confined to the pre-determined responses. The proponent may elaborate and use as many additional sheets as needed to be able to provide adequate answers to the required information. Maps, pictures, drawings(e.g. charts, tables, diagrams, sketcher), and other visual aids are deemed to provide a better description of the information provided in the Checklist. These will help EMB in understanding the proposed project, and make decision on the application for ECC. C. Instructions on the Submission of the IEE Checklist 1.Upon completion of the IEE checklist, the project proponent shall submit one (1) set of the Checklist at the FIA Section of the EMB Regional Office where the project is to be located. A duly accomplished Procedural Screening Form shall accompany the IEE Checklist submission. 2.Upon the presentation/submission of the Checklist, the Screening Officer shall immediately determine its completeness and conformance with the DENR prescribed requirements. The immediate determination shall mean completion of the Procedural Review within the same day of IEE checklist submission. 3.The Screening Officer shall indicate, through a check/tick mark under the Yes, No, or Not Applicable column, the presence or absence of particular information required. 4. The determination of the completeness of the IEE Checklist will be based on the sufficiency of responses to all questions or checklists and information provided in the matrix. 5. If the IEE Checklist is complete, it will be formally accepted. The proponent will be furnished a copy of the accomplished procedural form duly signed by the Screening Officer. 6. If the Checklist is incomplete, it shall be immediately returned to the proponent for revision or submission of the missing requirement/information. The reason for non-acceptance shall be stated in writing at the appropriate place in the form. 7. If the IEE Checklist has complied with all the DENR prescribed requirements, the proponent shall submit 3 copies of the documents to the EIA Section of the concerned EMB Regional Office. The proponent shall pay the amount of P3,000.00 at the Cashier Section of the concerned EMB Regional Office upon submitting the required number of copies at the Record Section of the same office. 8. All EE Checklist not following the said standard procedures shall not be considered valid applications and therefore, shall not be used as a basis for a recommendation on the issuance or denial of the ECC. 9. The project proponent or his duly recognized representative shall be the one who will followup on the said application to the respective EMB Regional Office. The processing time including the issuance and/or denial of the ECC will take a maximum of 30 days. 10. The EIA Section of the EMB Regional Office, in the course of a substantial review, may conduct a site visit or ocular inspection in coordination with the project proponent 11. If the EMB finds that the IEE Checklist has substantially addressed all the significant impacts and relevant issues by way of mitigation and enhancement measures, it shall recommend the issuance of the ECC. The EMB Regional Office may call for a technical conference to explain to the project proponent the relevance of the ECC and the various conditions stated therein for compliance by the project proponent.