Ecology Final - PDF

ECOLOGY  RELATION BETWEEN PLANTS AND ANIMALS WITH ITS INORGANIC PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT AND CULTURE  OIKOS = HOUSE (GREEK) *GEOGRAPHY – STUDY OF EARTH’S SURFACE AND ITS RELATION TO MAN - GEOGRAPHIA GREEK FOR EARTH’S DESCRIPTION *ECOSYSTEM – INTERACTING SYSTEM B...

ECOLOGY  RELATION BETWEEN PLANTS AND ANIMALS WITH ITS INORGANIC PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT AND CULTURE  OIKOS = HOUSE (GREEK) *GEOGRAPHY – STUDY OF EARTH’S SURFACE AND ITS RELATION TO MAN - GEOGRAPHIA GREEK FOR EARTH’S DESCRIPTION *ECOSYSTEM – INTERACTING SYSTEM BETWEEN A COMMUNITY AND ITS HABITAT *SYSTEM – COLLECTION OF PARTS AND EVENTS THAT IS INTERDEPENDENT  OPEN SYSTEM – DEPENDS ON OUTSIDE ENVIRONMENT  CYBERNETIC SYSTEM – USE FEEDBACK MECHANISM TO REGULATE THEMSELVES  ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM – BOTH OPEN AND CYBERNETIC *POPULATION – GROUP OF SAME SPECIES THAT INTERBREEDS *BIOMES – A MAJOR REGIONAL GROUPINGS OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS *ORGANISM – CONTIGUOUS LIVING SYSTEM *HABITAT – ENVIRONMENT WHERE A KNOWN SPECIES OCCURS *ENVIRONMENT – PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL SURROUNDINGS OF AN ORGANISM *TUNDRA – NEAR POLAR REGION *TAIGA – BELOW TUNDRA *CHAPARRAL – COASTAL *SAVANNA – GRASSLAND *EIA – EVALUATES IMPACT OF A PROJECT TO THE ENVIRONMENT *ENVIRONMENTAL CRITICAL PROJECT (ECP) – HAS NEGATIVE IMPACT *CERT OF NON COVERAGE – NOT COVERED BY EIA AND DOES NOT REQURE AN ECC *ANAEROBIC – ORG THAT DOES NOT REQUIRE OXYGEN *PHYSIOLOGY – STUDY OF FUNCTIONS OF LIVING SYSTEMS *ETHOLOGY – STUDY OF ANIMAL BEHAVIOR *COMMUNITY – DIFFERENT POPULATIONS LIVING IN AN AREA *GRAZING – ONE SPECIES USES A PART OF THE OTHER AS FOOD *DETRITUS – REMAINS *NICHE – FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF AN ORGANISM *LOTIC – RUNNING WATER *LENTIC – STAGNANT WATER *LIMNOLOGY – STUDY OF FRESHWATER *PYRAMID OF ENERGY – REDUCES UP TO 10% ON EACH STAGE UP *SUPRATIDAL – HIGH TIDE *INTERTIDAL – MID *SUBTIDAL – LOW TIDE *BEHAVIORAL GEOGRAPHY – STUDY OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND ITS COGINITIVE PROCESSES IN RESPONSE TO ITS ENVIRONMENT *CLIMATOLOGY & METEOROLOGY – STUDY TO UNDERSTAND THE PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF GREENHOUSE GASSES TO THE ATMOSPHERE *TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM HAS THE LARGEST BIOMES *ACTIONS – ENVIRONMENT ACTS UPON THE ORGANISM (TEMPERATURE,WIND,LIGHT) *INTERACTION – ORGANISM REACTION TO THE ENVIRONMENT (POLLUTION) *CO-ACTION – EFFECT OF ORGANISMS’ ACTION TO THE OTHER (PREDATION,COMPETITION) *PD 984 – POLLUTION CONTROL LAW OF 1976 *PD 1151 – ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR COVERED PROJECTS OF 1977 *PD 1586 – PHIL ENVI IMPACT STATEMENT SYSTEM OF 1978 *RA 6969 – TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND HAZARDOUS AND NUCLEAR WASTE CONTROL ACT OF 1990 *RA 7586 – NATIONAL INTEGRATED PROTECTED AREAS SYSTEM (NIPAS) ACT OF 1992 *RA 8550 – FISHERIES CODE OF 1998 *RA 8749 – PHIL CLEAR AIR ACT OF 1999 *RA 9275 – PHIL CLEAN AIR ACT OF 2004 *RA 9003 – ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MGT ACT OF 2000 (RESPONSIBILITY OF LGU) *CERT OF CONFORMITY – ISSUED BY DENR TO THE VEHICLE MANUFACTURERS *ECO-PROFILE – GEOGRAPHIC INST FOR PLANNING AND DECISION MAKING WHICH PRESENT THE QUALITY AND CARRYING CAPACITY OF AN AREA S *SIGA – SMALL SACALE COMMUNITY SANITATION *CARBON CYCLE – COMBUSTION OF VEHICLES AND INDUSTRIES *TRANSPIRATION – WATER FROM PLANTS AND SOIL TO THE AIR *LEED – LEADERSHIOP IN ENERGY AND ENVI DESIGN (RATING SYSTEM) *OZONE HOLE – MONTREAL PROTOCOL OF 1987 *ATMOSPHERE – 78% NITROGEN / 21% OXYGEN / 1% OTHERS *AGRICULTURAL WASTE – WASTE FROM PLANTING, HARVESTING, TRIMMING *CONTROLLED DUMP – DISPOSAL SOLID WASTE SITE *LEACHATE – TOXIC CHEM THAT IS PRODUCED WHEN WASTE UNDERGOES DECOMPOSITION *HETEROTROPH – AN ORG THAT CANNOT FIX CARBON AND USES ORGANIC CARBON FOR GROWTH *PHYTOPLANKTON – AUTOTROPHIC COMPONENT OF PLANKTON COMMUNITY *GENETICS – SCIENCE OF GENES, HEREDITY AND VARIATIONS OF LIVING ORGS *WATER – 97% SALTWATER / 2% FRESH WATER / 1% ICE AND SNOW *WEST VALLEY FAULT – 19 KMS (MARIKINA TO PASIG) *EAST VALLEY FAULT – 10 KMS (SAN MATEO AND RODRIQUEZ, RIZAL) *MARIKINA VALLEY FAULT – AURORA, QUEZON, MARIKINA, TAGUIG, LAGUNA, CAVITE SUMMARIZING THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ECOLOGY Balance of Nature - “Nature are maintained by a set of general laws and processes” Diversity - “All forms of life are important in their own right” Interdependence - “Everything is related to everything else” Change -“Everything changes. Some changes enhance the natural state of the environment, others degrade it” Pollution - “Unwanted materials must go somewhere” Finiteness of Resources - “Ours is a finite earth” Population Dynamics - “Natural populations are subject to laws of control” Stewardship - “Humans are part of nature: they must learn to take care of it” Sample Question and Answer Notes  ECOLOGY –Ddistribution and abundance of life and interactions between organisms and their environment; syn -natural environment  ECOSYSTEM –all organisms living in a particular area, as well as nonliving, physical components of the environment  BIOMES –major regional grouping of plants and animals  ABIOTIC –non living and physical components of the environment  DENR –tasked to protect the envi and natural resources of the country  ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT –process that involves predicting and evaluating the likely impacts of aproject  ENVIRONMENT COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE –proponent conforms with by signing the sworn undertaking of full responsibility over implementation of specified measures which are necessary to comply with existing environmental regulations  THE PHILIPPINE CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1999 –law that governs the protection of the environment, particularly covering the pollution control of the atmosphere  CERTIFICATE OF NON COVERAGE –project is not covered by the EIS system and is not required to secure an ECC  ENVIRONMENTAL CRITICAL PROJECT –project which may pose significant negative impact at certain threholds of operation regardless of location  ENVIRONMENTALLY CRITICAL AREA –environmentally sensitive such that significant environmental impacts are  expected if certain types/thresholds of proposed projects are located, developed or implemented in it  ABANDONMENT STAGE –there shall be specific measures and conditions that the project proponent has to undertake  Most problematic sources of pollution air, water, and SOLID WASTE  AIR POLLUTANT –any matter found in the atmosphere that is detrimental to health  AMBIENT AIR QUALITY –general amount of pollution present in a broad area; atmosphere’s average purity  CERTIFICATE OF CONFORMITY –certicate issued by DENR certifying that a new vehicle meets the requirements  of the law  GREENHOUSE GASES –potentially be expected to induce global warming  INFECTIOUS WASTE –means that portion of medical waste that could transmit an infectious disease  ECO-PROFILE –geographic based instrument for planners and decision makers which present an evaluation of the  environment quality and carrying capacity of an area  MEDICAL WASTES –materials generated as a result of patient treatment  OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES –substances that deplete ozone layer  INCINERATION –burning of waste which emits poisonous and toxic fumes  SIGA –called the traditional small-scale method of community neighborhood sanitation  TREATMENT –not part of the sold waste reduction scheme  DISPOSAL –in hierarchy of solid waste management, the following is the last method considered  AGRICULTURAL WASTES –generated from planting/harvesting crops  BULKY WASTES –cant be appropriately placed in separate containers because of size, shape or other physical attributes  COMPOSTING –controlled decomposition or organic matter by micro- organisms  CONTROLLED DUMP –disposal site at which solid waste is deposited in accordance with the minimum prescribed standards of site operation  ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT –systematic administration of activities which provide segregation at source, segregated transportation, storage, transfer, processing, treatment, and disposal of solid waste  LEACHATE –liquid produced when waste undergo decomposition and when water percolate through solid waste undergoing decomposition  MATERIALS RECOVERY FACILITY –solid waste transfer station; sorting, drop- off, composting, recycling  OPEN DUMP –wastes are indiscriminately thrown of without due planning and consideration for environmental standards  RE-USE –process of recovering materials intended for the same or different purposes  SANITARY LANDFILL –site designed, constructed, operated and maintained in a manner that exerts engineering control over significant potential environmental impacts  SOLID WASTE –discarded household, commercial, non hazardous, agricultural and other solid waste  SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT –discipline associated with control of generation, storage, collection, transfer, and transport, processing/disposal of solid wastes  SPECIAL WASTES –paints, thinners, batteries, spray canisters and the like  TRANSFER STATIONS –facilities to receive solid wastes, temporarily store, separate, convert, or process the materials in the solid wastes, or to transfer the solid wastes directly from smaller to larger vehicles for transport  RED –color of non biodegradable solid waste container  GREEN - color of biodegradable solid waste container  DOMESTIC SOURCES –largest source of water pollution  POINT SOURCE –identifiable source with specific point of discharge into body of water  NON POINT SOURCE –cropland runoffs, animal wastes, construction sites, mining and logging operations,  landfills, spils  DRINKING WATER –water intended for human consumption  FRESHWATER containing dissolved common salt containing less than 500 ppm  GROUNDWATER –subsurface water occurs beneath a water table in soils and rocks or in geological formations  SEWAGE –water borne wastes, excluding oil or oil wastes, removed from residences, bldgs. Etc. discarded  EFFLUENT –discharge from known sources which is passed into a body of water or land  SURFACE WATER –all water which is open to the atmosphere and subject to surface runoff  LAGUNA LAKE DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY –shall have exclusive jurisdiction to issue permit for the use of all  the surface water for any projects in or affecting the said region  LAGUNA DE BAY REGION –rizal, laguna (san Pablo), pasay Caloocan, quezon, manila, tagaytay, town of carmona  cavite  SLUDGE –solid or semi solid or liquid waste or residue generated from wastewater/water treatment plant, waste  control pollution facility  NATIONAL COMMISSION ON INDIDENOUS PEOPLE –primary govt agency for indigenous people  Total number of ethnolinguistic groups of indigenous people is estimated to be 110  INDIGENOUS CULTURAL COMMUNITIES –refers to a group of people or homogenous societies identified by self ascription and ascription by other who have continuously lived as organized community on communally bounded and defined territory  WRIT OF KALIKASAN –remedy available to a non-governmental organization whose constitutional right to a balanced and healthful ecology is violated  FREE AND PRIOR INFORMED CONSENT –consensus of all the ICCs/IPs to; be determined in accordance with their respective customary laws/practices  A petition for protection of the environment shall be filed with the SUPREME COURT  CERTIFICATE OF ANCESTRAL DOMAIN TITLE –a title recognizing the rights of possession and ownership of ICCs/IPs over ancestral domains  TEPO –Temporary environmental protection order  WASTE AVOIDANCE AND REDUCTION –Highest priority in hierarchy of solid waste management  DOMESTIC WASTE –highest major source of water pollution  EPO (ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ORDER) –order issued by the court directing or enjoining any person or government agency to perform or desist from performing an act in order to protect the environment