ECE Methods of Research Module 2 Week 2 PDF

2 METHODS OF RESEARCH RESEARCH AND DESIGN LEARNING OUTCOMES WEEK 1: RESEARCH AND DESIGN The Meaning of Research T he m eani ng of researc h as wel l as i ts attri b utes and characteristics are same regardless of the learning discipline or f i...

2 METHODS OF RESEARCH RESEARCH AND DESIGN LEARNING OUTCOMES WEEK 1: RESEARCH AND DESIGN The Meaning of Research T he m eani ng of researc h as wel l as i ts attri b utes and characteristics are same regardless of the learning discipline or f ield of study. Hence, the common def inition of research hereby adopted, thus: Research is simply a systematic and ref in ed technique of thiniking, employing specialized tools, instruments, and procedures in order to obtain a more adequate solution to a problem that would be possible under ordinary means. LEARNING OUTCOMES WEEK 1: RESEARCH AND DESIGN The Meaning of Research Oxford Concise Dictionary def ines research as A systematic investigation into and study of materials, sources, etc, in order to establish fatcs and reach new conclusions. It is an endeavour to discover new or collate old facts etc., by the scientif ic study of a subject or by a course of critical investigation (emphasis). LEARNING OUTCOMES WEEK 1: RESEARCH AND DESIGN Purpose of Research The purpose of research is to serve man and the goal of research is good life, to satisfy man’s craving for more understanding, to improve his judgments, to add to his power, to reduce the burden of work, to relieve suffering, and to increase the satisfaction in multitudinous ways - these are the large and fundamental goals of research. LEARNING OUTCOMES WEEK 1: RESEARCH AND DESIGN Characteristics of Research The following are generally accepted characteristics of research: 1. Empirical. Research is based on the direct experience or observation by the researcher. 2. Logical. Research is based on valid procedures and principles. 3. Cyclical. The research is start with the problem and ends with a problem. LEARNING OUTCOMES WEEK 1: RESEARCH AND DESIGN Characteristics of Research 4. Analytical. Research utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering the data. Whether historical, descriptive, experimental or case study. 5. Replicability. The research designs and procedures are replicated to enable the researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results. 6. Critical. The research exhibits careful and precise judgments. LEARNING OUTCOMES WEEK 1: RESEARCH AND DESIGN Types of Research Basically, there are three types of research: Pure Research, Applied Research, and Action Research. 1. Applied Research - involves seeking new application of scientif ic knoweldge to the solution of a problem. Ex: Developement and evaluation of the Telecommunication system for the Quezon City University using 6G 2. Action Research - is a feature of applied research. LEARNING OUTCOMES WEEK 1: RESEARCH AND DESIGN Types of Research Which is a decision-oriented research involving the application of the steps of the scientif ic method in response to an immediate need to improve existing practices. Ex: Methods of birth control. Vaccination 3. Pure Research - aims to discover basic truths or principles. Ex: Newton’s Law LEARNING OUTCOMES WEEK 1: RESEARCH AND DESIGN Types of Research 4. Qualitative - Requires non-numerical data. 5. Quantitative - Present research finding. LEARNING OUTCOMES WEEK 1: RESEARCH AND DESIGN Research Methods A research methodology def ined what the activity of research is, how to proceed, how to measure progress, and what constitutes sucess. LEARNING OUTCOMES WEEK 1: RESEARCH AND DESIGN Research Methods 1. Descriptive Research. It describe “WHAT IS?”. It involves the description, recording, analysis, and interpretation of the present nature, composition or process of phenomena. 2. Historical Research. A process of selecting the area or topic to write the history about, collecting data about events that occured in the area or about the topic, collecting the data, shifting the authentic from non- authentic and then making an interpretative narrative. LEARNING OUTCOMES WEEK 1: RESEARCH AND DESIGN Research Methods 3. Experimental Research. A problem-solving approach that describe the effect when certain variables are carefullfy controlled or manipulated. 4. Ex post Facto Research. In this method, the researcher investigates a problem by studying the variables in retrospect. 5. Case Study Research. It is a systematic inquiry into an event or a set of related event which aims to describe and explain the LEARNING OUTCOMES WEEK 1: RESEARCH AND DESIGN The Meaning of Design In the area of Engineering, Design is the process of devising a system, component, or a process to meet desired needs. It is a decision-making process (often iterative), in which the basic science, mathematics, and the engineering sciences are applied to convert resources optimally to meet these stated needs. LEARNING OUTCOMES WEEK 1: RESEARCH AND DESIGN The Meaning of Design In the area of Engineering, the term design includes, among others: 1. Application development that focuses on Engineering process. 2. Application design that focuses on effective testing procedures 3. A study on application development processes, in which basic Science, Mathematics and Computing are applied to meet the stated needs LEARNING OUTCOMES WEEK 1: RESEARCH AND DESIGN The Meaning of Design The Key word in design is the word “OPTMUM”. Good designs convert and/or uses engineering resources optimally to meet the stated needs. This is the reason why the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) def ines the Bachelor of Science in Electronics Engineering program as the study of the UTILIZATION of both Hardware and Software Technologies in Planning, Installing, Customizing, Operating, Managing, Administering, and Maintaining Engineering infrastructure. LEARNING OUTCOMES WEEK 1: RESEARCH AND DESIGN The Meaning of Design In Bachelor of Science in Electronics Engineering program, The terminal step for design is when the system or processes, has been integrated and im plem ented in the business processes of an enterprise. The process will be iterative for reason that the design no matter how carefully crafted and made is NOT PERFECT. LEARNING OUTCOMES WEEK 1: RESEARCH AND DESIGN The Meaning of Design According to Reeves (1992), everything will be part of the design process: Diagram, Layouting, coding is design, testing, and debugging are parts of design, and what typically call hardware and software design is still part of design. LEARNING OUTCOMES WEEK 1: RESEARCH AND DESIGN Research and Design Distinguished As stated by Ashkey Karr (2013), distinguished research and design in this wise, thus: To Research something is to investigate it systematically. We do this in order to reach new conclusions, establish new facts, and learn as much about the truth as possible. LEARNING OUTCOMES WEEK 1: RESEARCH AND DESIGN Research and Design Distinguished As stated by Ashkey Karr (2013), distinguished research and design in this wise, thus: To Research also give us chance to f ind problems that we can potentially fix. We research to understand the world. LEARNING OUTCOMES WEEK 1: RESEARCH AND DESIGN Research and Design Distinguished As stated by Ashkey Karr (2013), distinguished research and design in this wise, thus: To Design something, is to create form and function of an object, system, or interaction. We do this in order to make our experience here on earth (or in space) better, safer, healthier, more comfortable, more fun. LEARNING OUTCOMES WEEK 1: RESEARCH AND DESIGN Research and Design Distinguished As stated by Ashkey Karr (2013), distinguished research and design in this wise, thus: We can create solution to the problems We found during our research. We Design to change the world. LEARNING OUTCOMES WEEK 1: RESEARCH AND DESIGN The Gray between Research and Design The American Society for Engineering Education (2006) explains the difference between research and design: Design is NOT RESEARCH, which may be def ined as “a careful investigation or study, especially of a scholarly or scientif ic nature. A design task may require research to accomplish a task, but it typically involves the integration of the knowledge, not the creation of knowledge.” LEARNING OUTCOMES WEEK 1: RESEARCH AND DESIGN The Gray between Research and Design The American Society for Engineering Education (2006) explains the difference between research and design: Design is different than research. Design consider alternative solutions by selecting the optimal solution with a f ix ed goal or specifications in mind. LEARNING OUTCOMES WEEK 1: RESEARCH AND DESIGN The Gray between Research and Design The American Society for Engineering Education (2006) explains the difference between research and design: Design often results in a commercial product being developed. Research has an open-ended goal and is exploratory, with no set specif ications in mind, and does not necessarily result in a product or service. LEARNING OUTCOMES WEEK 1: RESEARCH AND DESIGN The Research vs. Design Problem A research problem is commonly def ined as any signif ic ant, perplexing and challenging situation, real or artif ic ial, the solution of which requires ref lective thinking. A good research problem should be (1) Specif ic, (2) Measurable, (3)Achievable, (4) Realistic; and (5) Time Bound. LEARNING OUTCOMES WEEK 1: RESEARCH AND DESIGN RESEARCH DESIGN It must be new. It does NOT need to be new. It does not have to be good. It has to be good. In sum, research does not have to be good but it In sum, design does not have to be new, but it must be new. must be good. It is done to understand the world. It is done to change the world. SUMMARY WEEK 16: Laplace Transform and Inverse Laplace Transform QUESTIONS ??? SUMMARY WEEK 1: RESEARCH AND DESIGN END OF PRESENTATION THANK YOU