Evidence Based Practice PDF

Evidence Based Practice Module 1.2: Searching the Literature  Acknowledgement of Country I would like to acknowledge the Gadigal People from the Eora Nation, the Traditional Custodians of the water and lands from where we meet today. As we share our knowledge of teaching and learning,...

Evidence Based Practice Module 1.2: Searching the Literature  Acknowledgement of Country I would like to acknowledge the Gadigal People from the Eora Nation, the Traditional Custodians of the water and lands from where we meet today. As we share our knowledge of teaching and learning, I would also like to pay respect to Elders, past, present and emerging, and I extend that respect to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples here today. Outline 1. Steps of evidence-based practice 2. Qualitative vs. quantitative 3. Searching the literature - Activity 4. APA Referencing - Activity  Evidence-based Practice (Hoffman, Bennett and Del Mar, 2013) 5 steps of Evidence Based Practice Ask Acquire Appraise 1 Formulating a question 2 Systematic searching and retrieval of the best available evidence 3 Critical appraisal of the evidence 4 Apply Implementation of the evidence into clinical practice 5 Assess Evaluation of practice and the outcome  Qualitative Approaches Mixed in Research Quantitative  Approaches in Research Quantitative Qualitative Significant relationship among Meaning of responses, variables through the use of verbal or non-verbal numbers Quick Quiz Qualitative research is…. A) Concerned with exploring and understanding complex phenomena in-depth through words and narratives. B) Primarily focused on subjective experiences and interpretations. C) Utilized to gain insights into individuals' motivations, attitudes, and beliefs. D) Often conducted through methods such as interviews, focus groups, and observations. E) All of the above. Quick Quiz Quantitative research is…. A) Based on numerical data and statistical analysis. B) Primarily concerned with subjective experiences. C) Conducted through interviews and observations. D) Limited to exploratory research and lacks statistical significance. Quick Quiz Which of the following statements best describes a mixed methods study design? A) A mixed methods study design combines qualitative and quantitative research approaches within a single study. B) Mixed methods study designs exclusively utilize qualitative research methods to gather data. C) Mixed methods study designs involve conducting two separate studies: one qualitative and one quantitative. D) Mixed methods study designs focus solely on statistical analysis and numerical data.  Experimental vs. non-experimental Experimental Non-experimental Cause and effect Describes Manipulation of a variable Descriptive research design Describes a phenomenon as it stands True experimental design (intervention group compared Do NOT manipulate any variables to control group) Do NOT compare a control group to Quasi-experimental design - Doesn’t rely on random an intervention group assignment – groups are assigned on non-random Correlation research design criteria, don’t always have proper control groups Relates Variables Which one sits higher on the hierarchy? Experimental Example Cause and effect Variable being Does ‘supplement x’ lower blood pressure? manipulated Two groups are compared before and after a period of time (e.g. after taking the supplement or placebo for 10 weeks) to determine if blood pressure changed. Intervention group: Control group: Given ‘supplement x’ Given placebo Non-Experimental Example Describe How many people over the age of 70 in Australia have hypertension (high blood pressure)? Collect information from residents in Australia to DESCRIBE how many people over 70 have high blood pressure. Study sample: Individuals over 70, living in Australia Quick Quiz True or False A scientist is looking to perform research to establish cause-and-effect. They should use a non-experimental study design Searching the literature Find credible and current sources of information Books Journal articles Websites Finding the Evidence 1 - Using PICO to Finding the evidence 2 - Turning search terms into a search formulate a search question strategy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ypYk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yho7_7zCOnA aKnn8_4 Journals Remember there is a difference between academic and non- academic journals and magazines in terms of credibility of information. Source: https://libguides.usc.edu.au/credible/journals  Websites.org.edu A registered organization An educational institution.gov.gov.au Government agency Australian government agency Always consider, who is the author, what is the purpose of the website, who is the target audience, has the information been referenced Source: https://libguides.usc.edu.au/credible/journals Books Source: https://libguides.usc.edu.au/credible/journals Searching the literature Let’s practice! Clearly identify what question you are trying to answer. Use PICO to identify the components of your question. P I C O Population Intervention Comparison Outcome  Searching the literature Hoffmann, T., Bennett, S., Mar, C. D. (2017). Evidence-Based Practice Across the Health Professions, 3rd Edition. You are a rehabilitation consultant who has recently seen a number of individuals with work-related neck Clinical muscle pain, especially pain from the descending part of the trapezius muscle. You know that physical exercise is generally recommended, but you do not know which type of training is more effective in scenario relieving muscle pain—strength training of the painful muscle, or general fitness training without direct involvement of the painful muscle. P I C O Population Intervention Comparison Outcome Work-related neck Strength training of General fitness Pain relief muscle pain the painful muscle training Searching the literature Hoffmann, T., Bennett, S., Mar, C. D. (2017). Evidence-Based Practice Across the Health Professions, 3rd Edition. You are a rehabilitation consultant who has recently seen a number of individuals with work-related neck Clinical muscle pain, especially pain from the descending part of the trapezius muscle. You know that physical exercise is generally recommended, but you do not know which type of training is more effective in scenario relieving muscle pain—strength training of the painful muscle, or general fitness training without direct involvement of the painful muscle. For patients with work-related neck Finalise the question muscle pain, does strength training of the painful muscle versus general fitness training without direct involvement of the painful muscle result in greater pain relief?  Searching the literature Hoffmann, T., Bennett, S., Mar, C. D. (2017). Evidence-Based Practice Across the Health Professions, 3rd Edition. You are a rehabilitation consultant who has recently seen a number of individuals with work-related neck Clinical muscle pain, especially pain from the descending part of the trapezius muscle. You know that physical exercise is generally recommended, but you do not know which type of training is more effective in scenario relieving muscle pain—strength training of the painful muscle, or general fitness training without direct involvement of the painful muscle. Identify Keyword 1 Keyword 2 Keyword 3 Keyword 4 Keywords Neck muscle pain Muscular strength General fitness Pain relief Synonyms Synonyms Synonyms Synonyms Neck strain Neck sprain Strength training Exercise Pain Stiff neck Muscle strengthening Trapezius muscle pain  Searching the literature Hoffmann, T., Bennett, S., Mar, C. D. (2017). Evidence-Based Practice Across the Health Professions, 3rd Edition. You are a rehabilitation consultant who has recently seen a number of individuals with work-related neck Clinical muscle pain, especially pain from the descending part of the trapezius muscle. You know that physical exercise is generally recommended, but you do not know which type of training is more effective in scenario relieving muscle pain—strength training of the painful muscle, or general fitness training without direct involvement of the painful muscle. Enter the key words into a database which can be accessed through the Torrens library webpage. Boolean Searching Basics https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jMV7X3 W_beg Quick Quiz Which of the following statements best highlights the importance of synonyms in a search strategy? A) Synonyms allow researchers to diversify their vocabulary but do not significantly impact search results. B) Synonyms are irrelevant in a search strategy and can lead to confusion in research findings. C) Synonyms help capture a broader range of relevant information by accounting for variations in terminology. D) Synonyms are only relevant in qualitative research studies and have limited applicability in quantitative research. Quick Quiz Which of the following statements best describes an effective approach to searching databases for literature? A) Searching only within the abstracts of articles ensures the most relevant results. B) Using highly specific keywords and phrases will yield a broader range of articles. C) Exploring multiple databases increases the chances of finding comprehensive literature. D) Neglecting to use Boolean operators (e.g., AND, OR) has no impact on search result Referencing What is referencing? Why is it important? Image source: https://www.istockphoto.com/illustrations/thinking-face  Referencing What is referencing? Referencing acknowledges the thoughts and ideas expressed by other people. Academic Skills. (2018) Academic Writing Guide [APA 6th Edition]. Laureate Universities Australia. Retrieved from: http://library.laureate.net.au/apa  Referencing Why is it important? To indicate to the To show that your To avoid reader the sources of arguments are plagiarism your information and properly supported background ideas Academic Skills. (2018) Academic Writing Guide [APA 6th Edition]. Laureate Universities Australia. Retrieved from: http://library.laureate.net.au/apa Referencing Numbering system (Vancouver): common in medical journals Name and date system: several different protocols (APA7th edition) Intext referencing is done within the body of the text Reference list at the end of your assignment or a journal article Guidelines for APA referencing: http://library.laureate.net.au/apa Different rules for different numbers of authors in text Pay attention to the detail- that’s the commas and full stops after initials and words Referencing – name, date Chronic insomnia is defined as difficulties falling asleep, maintaining sleep and/or early morning awakening occurring at least three times per week over three months plus at least one related daytime impairment (fatigue, attention impairment, mood disturbance, impaired performance) (Riemann et al., 2015). It affects 9-15% of the general population worldwide, with a prevalence of approximately 6% in countries of high income (Ohayon, 2002). et al. = and others References (end of your assignment or journal article)- in alphabetical order Ohayon, M.M. (2002). Epidemiology of insomnia: what we know and what we still need to learn. Sleep Med Rev, 6, 97-111. Riemann, D., Nissen, C., Palagini, L., Otte, A., Perlis, M.L., & Spiegelhalder, K. (2015). The neurobiology, investigation, and treatment of chronic insomnia. Lancet, 14, 54-58. Class activity Go to: https://library.torrens.edu.au/academicskills/apa/tool Use the APA 7th edition guide to correct this reference list: A. C., Page, & W. G. K, Stritzke. 2015. 2nd ed Clinical psychology for trainees: Foundations of science-informed practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Population by age and sex, New South Wales, 30 June 2000 (ABS Cat. no. 3235.1). ABS. (2000). Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Australian Bureau of Statistics. Sohrabi, H. R., Weinborn, M., Badcock, J. Bates, K. A., Clarnette, R., Trivedi, D.,Verdile, G., Sutton, T., Lenzo, N. P., Gandy, S. E., Martins, R. N.(2011). New lexicon and criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Lancet Neurology, 10(4), 299-300. Class activity Go to: https://library.torrens.edu.au/academicskills/apa/tool How would you cite this reference in-text? Gagné, M., Forest, J., Vansteenkiste, M., Crevier-Braud, L., van den Broeck, A., Aspeli, A. K.,... Westbye, C. (2015). The Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale: Validation evidence in seven languages and nine countries. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 24(2), 178-196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1359432x.2013.877892  Have a go at Paraphrasing paraphrasing Putting information in your own words this paragraph NOT copy and paste Below is a paragraph copied directly from Hoffmann et al. (2017 p.2): "There is a famous definition by Professor David Sackett and some of his colleagues that declares evidence-based medicine to be explicit and conscientious attempts to find the best available research evidence to assist health professionals to make the best decisions for their patients.1 Even though this definition was originally given with respect to evidence-based medicine, its use has extended beyond the medical profession and it is now often used as the definition of evidence-based practice as well. The definition may sound rather ambiguous, so let us pick its elements apart so that you can fully appreciate what is meant by the term ‘evidence-based practice’." Using this exact paragraph exactly as it is written here in your assessment is plagiarism. If you would like to use the information here you need to put it in your own words Paraphrasing Putting information in your own words NOT copy and paste Paraphrased version of the same paragraph: Previous research by Sackett and colleagues reported that evidence-based medicine involves the deliberate and comprehensive search for the best research evidence which is used to help health professionals make informed decisions to support their patients. While originally applied to the medical profession, this definition has now been applied widely beyond the medical context and is often used to describe evidence-based practice. What is missing from this paragraph?