Earth Science for STEM Quarter 1 Module 4: Classification of Rocks PDF

Earth Science for Stem Quarter 1 – Module 4: Classification of Rocks CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 4 Earth Science for STEM Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 4: Classification of Rocks First Edition, 2021 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that:...

Earth Science for Stem Quarter 1 – Module 4: Classification of Rocks CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 4 Earth Science for STEM Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 4: Classification of Rocks First Edition, 2021 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Development Team of the Module Writer: Annabel A. Sengco Editors: Randie Atienza, Aida Gutierrez Reviewers: Marionel U. Briz, Francia C. Silva, Basilisa T. Isla, Julerita A. Babao, Cyrus T. Festijo, Rowena D. Cabanding Illustrator: Patrick Lemeul V. Reyes Layout Artist: Paulina S. Crescini Management Team: Francis Cesar B. Bringas Job S. Zape Jr. Ramonito O. Elumbaring Reicon C. Condes Elaine T. Balaogan Fe M. Ong-ongowan Sacoro R. Comia Fe M. Fallurin Marieta N. Perez Printed in the Philippines by ________________________ Department of Education – Region IV-A CALABARZON Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Barangay San Isidro Cainta, Rizal 1800 Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487 E-mail Address: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487 Earth Science for STEM Quarter 1 – Module 4: Classification of Rocks Introductory Message This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson. Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by- step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you. Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these. In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning. Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task. If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Thank you.  What I Need to Know This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the nature of Biology. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using. The module contains lesson on classification of rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. describe igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks based on their characteristics and how they are formed; 2. explain the process of the formation of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks; and 3. give examples of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. 1 CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 4  What I Know Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter on a separate sheet of paper. Note: If your answer to this pre-assessment is one hundred percent correct, you may skip and proceed to the next module. 1. Which of the following is the least description of a rock? a. solid b. heavy c. naturally occurring d. aggregate of minerals 2. Which of the following is NOT a classification of sedimentary rock? a. clastic rock b. organic rock c. chemical rock d. non-foliated rock 3. A rock sample was recovered from Taal Volcano Island by a local. The resident volcanologist was on - site and identified that the rock was formed from the material ejected by the volcano during its eruption. What type of rock did the local recover? a. igneous rock b. ore body rock c. sedimentary rock d. metamorphic rock 4. While walking at the beach, Angela found a rock sample with shells and pebbles embedded. What type of rock did she find? a. igneous rock b. ore body rock c. sedimentary rock d. metamorphic rock 5. Which of the following statements is TRUE about metamorphic rocks? a. It formed from existing rocks. b. It is subjected to cold and high pressure. c. It is composed of plants and animals’ materials. d. It is formed from the deposition and cementation of minerals and organic particles. 2 CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 4 6. When the magma solidifies below the surface of the Earth, what possible igneous rock may form? a. scoria b. basalt c. granite d. andesite 7. Rinzen found an igneous rock from the school ground. Out of curiosity, she strongly hit the rock sample with a hammer and found out that it contained large crystals. What is the CORRECT inference on the formation of the rock sample? a. It formed over time through a slow process of crystallization at the surface of the Earth. b. It formed over time through a fast process of crystallization at the surface of the Earth. c. It formed over time through a slow process of crystallization beneath the surface of the Earth. d. It formed over time through a fast process of crystallization beneath the surface of the Earth. 8. Which type of rock may contain plants’ and animals’ remains? a. igneous rock b. ore body rock c. sedimentary rock d. metamorphic rock 9. Which of the following is EXCLUDED from the group? a. coal b. shale c. granite d. rock salt 10. Ava collected samples of sedimentary rocks from the riverbank of Pansit. She grouped the rocks according to their characteristics. In the first group, she observed attached weathered rock on the samples. While in the second group, she observed shells attached toa it. What type of sedimentary rocks had been collected by Ava from the riverbank? a. The first group is clastic sedimentary rocks while the second is chemical sedimentary rock. b. The first group is clastic sedimentary rocks while the second is an organic sedimentary rock. c. The first group is chemical sedimentary rocks while the second is a clastic sedimentary rock. d. The first group is organic sedimentary rocks while the second is a clastic sedimentary rock. 3 CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 4 11. Foliation occurs when a certain rock was subject to intense heat and pressure. Which of the following rocks is most likely to have foliation? a. slate b. marble c. hornfels d. quartzite 12. Scoria is a rock formed through fast solidification on air when a volcano erupts. What type of rock is scoria? a. extrusive igneous rock b. extensive igneous rock c. intrusive igneous rock d. intensive igneous rock 13. Which of the following statement is TRUE about sedimentary rocks? a. It is formed from plant and animal debris. b. It is formed when subjected to high heat and pressure. c. Schist, phyllite, and gneiss are examples of sedimentary rocks. d. Foliated and non-foliated are classifications of sedimentary rocks. 14. Which of the following rock contains large crystals? a. diorite b. scoria c. basalt d. andesite 15. Which group of rocks was formed through compressing and heating? a. clastic rock b. igneous rock c. sedimentary rock d. metamorphic rock 4 CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 4  Lesson Important Minerals to 5 Society This lesson will explore the different types of rocks existing in our environment. The learner is expected to identify and classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. What’s In In the previous module, you have learned the common naturally occurring minerals such as feldspar, quartz, mica, and alike. Those minerals are called rock-forming minerals because they are the building blocks of rocks. For example, when quarts, feldspar, and mica come together, they form a certain type of rock. Different combinations of minerals form different types of rock. In this lesson, you will learn how rocks are grouped or classified with their distinguishing characteristics. Notes to the Teacher Hello dear teachers, this module may be used by learners with minimal supervision. The activities included are suitable for their level and capacity. As pre-requisite to this module, make sure that the learners had finished the previous module on minerals. Thank you. 5 CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 4  What’s New Collect ten rock samples from your garden or yard. Using a magnifying glass, observe the rocks. Create a grouping of the rocks based on your observation. Label your rock samples as samples 1 to 10. You may use the data table below for your observation. (You may coordinate with your teacher how to submit your output for this activity) Data Table Rock Observed Rock Observed sample properties/characteristics sample properties/characteristics 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9 5 10 Guide Questions: 1. How many groups did you form for your collected samples of rocks? 2. What basis of grouping or classification did you use? 3. Can you describe the common features of each group? 6 CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 4  What is It How can we classify rocks? Would it be by color, hardness, texture, density, or other physical properties? Is it by chemical composition? You may have a little knowledge that rocks can be Igneous, Sedimentary, or Metamorphic. But how did geologists come into these three classifications? What do you think was their basis for classification? Rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals sometime with nonmineral solid particles. Classification of Rocks Igneous rocks or magmatic rocks are formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. Igneous rock can be classified into: Intrusive igneous rocks. This type of igneous rock is formed from solidification of magma below the surface They have large crystals of minerals that formed over time through the slow process of crystallization in a magma. Granite, diorite, gabbro, pegmatite, and peridotite are examples of this type of rock. Granite rock (own photo) Extrusive igneous rocks. This type of igneous rock is formed through a faster rate of solidification of lava on the surface of Earth. They can become glassy in appearance due to less crystallization or vesicular like Scoria, due to the air that was trapped inside when they solidified and formed on the surface of the earth. Other examples of this type of rock are andesite, basalt, dacite, obsidian, pumice, Scoria (own photo) rhyolite, and tuff. Sedimentary rock is formed by the deposition and cementation of mineral or organic particles on the floor of oceans and other bodies of water at the Earth’s surface. Sedimentary rocks can be classified into clastic, chemical, and organic. 7 CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 4  Clastic sedimentary rock. It is formed from the mechanical weathering debris of rocks. Examples are breccia, conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, and shale. Chemical sedimentary rock. It is formed when dissolved materials precipitate from the solution. Examples of these are rock salt, iron ore, chert, flint, some dolomites. Sandstone (own photo) Organic sedimentary rock. It is formed from the build-up of plant or animal debris. Examples of this type are coal and fossiliferous limestone. Metamorphic rock forms from existing rock types called “parent rock” in the process called metamorphism, which means a change in form. The original rock which can be an igneous, sedimentary, or another metamorphic rock is subjected to heat and pressure, causing a profound chemical or physical change. Metamorphic rocks can be classified into: Foliated metamorphic rock. It is formed through pressure due to compression of rocks that create bands called foliation. Examples are gneiss, phyllite, schist, and slate. Non-foliated metamorphic rocks. It has no foliation or bands. Examples of this type are hornfels, marble, quartzite, and novaculite. Marble (own photo) 8 CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 4  What’s More A. Observe the pictures and answer the questions that follow. Picture 1. Questions: 1. What type of rock do you think will be formed through this geologic activity? 2. How was the rock formed in this geologic activity? 3. How will you describe the types of rock formed? Picture 2. Questions: 1. What type of rock is formed in this event? 2. What are the required factors to form a rock on this event? 3. What are the possible types of rock that will be formed in this event? Picture 3. Questions: 1. What type of rock will be formed in this scenario? 2. What are the important factors needed to form a rock in this scenario? 3. What are the characteristics of rock formed in this scenario? 9 CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 4  B. Complete the table below. Classification Rock Sample Subclassification (Igneous/Sedimentary/Metamorphic) 1. Quartzite 2. Chemical 3. Intrusive 4. Gneiss 5. Clastic What I Have Learned Fill in the correct information to complete the concept about rocks. Write your answer on a piece of paper. 1. _______________ is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals and sometime with nonmineral solid particles. 2. Rocks can be classified based on _______________. 3. _______________are formed through solidification or crystallization of molten materials such as magma and lava. 4. _______________ are formed through compaction and cementation of sediments and other materials usually under the ocean or other bodies of water. 5. _______________ are formed either by heat such as those near a magma chamber or by pressure such as those in the area with compression of rock layers. 6. Granite is an example of _______________ with visible large crystals because it solidified underneath the Earth surface. 7. Sandstone is an example of _______________ rock from compaction and cementation of sand under the ocean. 8. Marble is an example of _______________that has been formed due to heat and appears physically different from its parent-rock called _______________. 9. Igneous rock can be classified into ______________ and ____________________. 10. __________________ metamorphic rock contains bands and ________________ metamorphic rocks do not have bands. 11. Sedimentary rocks can be grouped according to _______________, ___________________ and ____________________. 12. ___________________ formed from the mechanical weathering debris of rocks. 13. Chemical sedimentary rocks are formed when ______________________________. 14. ___________________ are formed from the debris of plants and animals. 15. ____________________ are metamorphic rocks that has no foliation. 10 CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 4  What I Can Do Answer the question below. While mountain trekking, Mayumi found several rocks that contained remains of aquatic plants and animals. What kind of rock did she found? What can you infer from the formation of the rock? Rubric for Assessment Very satisfactory Satisfactory Needs Improvement Key elements (3 pts) (2 pts) (1 pt.) Concept Basis Argument is based Only one indicator None of the on facts learned is evident. indicators is from the module. present. Inference makes use of evidence. Writing Skill Clear and concise Only one indicator None of the explanation of is evident. indicators is argument is present. organized. Understanding of the topic is clearly manifested. 11 CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 4  Assessment Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Ava collected samples of sedimentary rocks from the riverbank of Pansipit. She grouped the rocks according to their characteristics. In the first group, she observed attached shells on the samples. While in the second group, she observed pebbles attached to it. What type of sedimentary rocks did Ava collect from the riverbank? A. The first group is clastic sedimentary rocks while the second is a chemical sedimentary rock. B. The first group is clastic sedimentary rocks while the second is an organic sedimentary rock. C. The first group is chemical sedimentary rocks while the second is a clastic sedimentary rock. D. The first group is organic sedimentary rocks while the second is a clastic sedimentary rock. 2. Which of the following describes a rock? I. Solid II. Heavy III. Naturally occurring IV. Aggregate of minerals A. I, II, and III B. I, III, and IV C. I, II, and IV D. II, III, and IV 3. Which of the following is a classification of sedimentary rock? A. intrusive rock B. foliated rock C. chemical rock D. non-foliated rock 4. A rock sample was recovered from Taal Volcano Island by a local. The resident volcanologist was on-site and identified the rock was formed from the material ejected by the volcano during its eruption. He further observed that the rock sample had a glassy appearance. What type of rock did the local recover? A. extrusive rock B. intrusive rock 12 CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 4  C. metamorphic rock D. sedimentary rock 5. Which of the following statement is NOT TRUE about metamorphic rocks? A. It is formed when subjected to high heat and pressure. B. It is formed from plant and animal debris. C. Schist, phyllite, and gneiss are examples of sedimentary rocks. D. Foliated and non-foliated are classifications of sedimentary rocks. 6. While walking at the beach, Angela found a rock sample with a crystal white appearance which according to her friend was halite – a rock salt. What type of rock did she find? A. clastic rock B. organic rock C. chemical rock D. metamorphic rock 7. When the magma solidifies on the surface of the Earth, what possible igneous rock may be formed? A. scoria B. gabbro C. granite D. peridotite 8. Obsidian is a rock formed through fast solidification on air when a volcano erupts. What type of rock is obsidian? A. extrusive igneous rock B. extensive igneous rock C. intrusive igneous rock D. intensive igneous rock 9. Rinzen found an igneous rock from the school ground. Out of curiosity, she strongly hit the rock sample with a hammer and found out that it had a glassy appearance. What is the correct inference on the formation of the rock sample? A. It formed over time through a slow process of crystallization beneath the surface of the Earth. B. It formed over time through a fast process of crystallization beneath the surface of the Earth. C. It formed over time through a slow process of crystallization at the surface of the Earth. D. It formed overtime through a fast process of crystallization at the surface of the Earth. 13 CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 4 10. Which type of rock contains plants’ and animals’ remains? A. clastic rock B. foliated rock C. organic rock D. chemical rock 11. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about igneous rocks? A. It formed crystals. B. It is formed from magma. C. It can become glassy in appearance. D. It can be formed from an existing rock. 12. Which of the following is EXCLUDED from the group? A. shale B. gabbro C. granite D. pegmatite 13. Despite of intense heat and pressure, nonfoliated rocks did not formed bands. Which of the following rocks is non-foliate? A. slate B. gneiss C. marble D. phyllite 14. Which of the following rock contains fewer crystals? A. diorite B. granite C. rhyolite D. pegmatite 15. Which group of rocks formed from precipitate of dissolved materials? A. clastic rock B. foliated rock C. organic rock D. chemical rock 14 CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 4  Additional Activities There are more examples of rocks other than what you recognized in this lesson. This time, I want you to widen your knowledge about rocks by identifying more examples of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks in your area. Make a log and collect pictures of your samples and form a gallery. You may search on the internet or ask an expert to assist you in identifying the samples you have collected. (You may coordinate with your teacher how to submit your output for this activity) Rubric Needs Key Satisfactory Very Satisfactory (5pts.) Improvement elements (3pts.) (1pt.) Organization Organizers such as but Only two of the Only one of the not limited to tables, indicators are indicators is graphic organizer, evident. evident. shapes, etc. are used/utilized. Labels are used to showcase information. Organization is evident to enhance the over-all presentation of the gallery. Ideas At least two Only two of the Only one of the characteristics about indicators are indicators is the rock are presented evident. evident. based on observation made. Correct information about the rock is evident based on the module. Pictures/images contain captions. Convention A standard writing Only two of the Only one of the convention such as but indicators are indicators is not limited to spelling, evident. evident. capitalization, grammar, and paragraphing is correctly demonstrated. Writing convention enhances readability. 15 CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 4  Few minor errors are evident but they do not interfere with the meaning. 16 CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 4  Module 4 CO_Q1_ESS SHS 17 What I Have Learned 1. Rock Assessment 2. Formation 3. Igneous 1. D 4. Sedimentary 2. B 5. Metamorphic 3. C 6. Intrusive rocks 4. A 7. Sedimentary 5. B 8. Metamorphic 6. C 9. Intrusive – extrusive 7. A 10. Foliated – non-foliated 8. A 11. Clastic – chemical – organic 9. D 12. clastic 10. C 13. dissolved materials precipitate from solution 11. D 14. organic 12. A 15. non-foliated 13. C 14. C 15. D What’s More What I Know A. 1. Igneous 2. Solidification and cooling of magma or lava 1. B 3. Intrusive and extrusive rock 2. D 4. Sedimentary rocks 3. A 5. Cement and minerals or organic particles 4. C 6. Clastic, chemical, and organic 5. A 7. Metamorphic 6. C 8. Heat and pressure 9. Foliated or non-foliated 7. C 8. C B. 9. C 1. metamorphic – non-foliated 10. B 2. rock salt/iron ore/chert/flint/some dolomites – 11. A sedimentary rocks 12. A 3. granite/diorite/gabbro/pegmatite/ periodite – igneous 4. metamorphic – foliated 13. A 5. recia/ conglomerate/ sandstone/ siltstone/ shale – 14. A sedimentary 15. D Answer Key References Commission on Higher Education. Teaching guide for Senior High School: Earth Science Core Subject. Quezon City: CHED. 2016. Tarbuck, Edward J., Lutgens, Frederick, K. Earth Science 10th Edition. Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. 2003. 18 CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 4 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR) Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600 Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985 Email Address: [email protected] * [email protected]