Earth Science Quiz 1 Reviewer PDF

LAYERS OF THE EARTH ○ As the earth slowly gets bigger, the heat from the sun and friction gets trapped Crust: Thinnest layer, made up of continental and...

LAYERS OF THE EARTH ○ As the earth slowly gets bigger, the heat from the sun and friction gets trapped Crust: Thinnest layer, made up of continental and inside the core. oceanic crust Mantle: Largest layer, made up of hot, dense rock WHY DOES EARTH NOT GROW ANYMORE? Outer Core: Liquid layer of metal, responsible for The Atmosphere maintains the dust from getting the Earth's magnetic field. in. Inner Core: Solid layer of metal As well as Jupiter as it has a large mass. ○ Why does Jupiter not grow? Because it PURPOSE OF INTERNAL HEAT is a gas giant. Plate Tectonics, Thermoregulation, Recycling of Materials, and Energy Source. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Why are celestial bodies circular? Because it is WHERE DID HEAT ORIGINATE? the simplest and easiest form. What is in the middle of a galaxy? A black hole. Originated from the most accepted theory where the universe is created, The BIg Bang. Age of the Universe: 13.8 Billion Years II. HEAT FROM THE DECAY OF RADIOACTIVE ELEMENTS Where heat originated: Inflation The spontaneous breakdown of an atomic nucleus releases energy and matter. ○ Radioactive elements emits streams of radiation ○ Half life means the time it takes for half an element to decay ○ Isotopes are the same number of protons but different number of neutrons The Parent Isotope started 4,5 billion years ago and turned to HOW DOES INTERNAL HEAT BEHAVE? radioactive decay that results in Convection Current heat and the daughter isotope. ○ Heat goes up, and cold sinks down. ○ High temperature and high pressure III. FRICTIONAL HEATING when going deep into the earth. The heat energy from the friction that occurs between the mantle and outer core. INTERNAL HEAT SOURCES ○ The more descent into Earth's interior, the amount of pressure increases. I. PRIMORDIAL HEAT OF THE PLANET REMAINS FROM ITS EARLY STAGE IV. GRAVITATIONAL COMPRESSION Primordial means pre-existing. Adiabatic Heating How did earth get formed? ○ Massive pressure exerted on the core by ○ The Earth was formed from the process overlying materials causes it to become of accretion wherein gasses and dust of solid, generating heat through the cloud was attracted by gravitational process. energy. ○ The process of accretion created IV. PHASE CHANGES Earth's molten core, which Happens between 2 parts of the core. traps heat. Cycle Process: To have gravity, you need the right amount of ○ Liquid iron cools (from the inner to mass. outer) then releases heat, heat The earth started as a singularity (as a small surrounding the solid iron melting it debris) and gained mass from rotation that (from outer to inner) and repeats. causes debris to join love, eun 𐙚⋆.˚  ENDOGENIC PROCESS A geological process that was formed, originated, WHAT HAPPENS AFTER MAGMA IS FORMED? and located below the surface of theEarth Intrusion ○ Tectonic movements, Metamorphism, ○ magma that moves up into a volcano and Magmatism without erupting. Extrusion HOW IS MAGMA FORMED? ○ eruptions of magmatic material that produce materials. Magmatism ○ It forms from "Partial melting" of mantle rocks PLUTONISM ○ As temperature rises, some minerals Plutonites are purified polycarbonate melt and others remain solid Formed from solidification of magma below the ○ Between 600 to 1000 degrees Celsius surface. Slow cooling forms large interlocking crystals, a MECHANISMS THROUGH WHICH ROCKS MELT texture called phaneritic. Examples: Granite, Gabbro, and Peridotite I. DECOMPRESSION MELTING The usual temperature but pressure is reduced ○ Mantle Plume or Mantle Convection Cell This is where magma penetrates the crust. Convection current occurs that’s why temperature remains the usual. VOLCANISM Used to describe all geological phenomena that occur on the natural terrestrial surface, such as the eruption of volcanoes and creation of hot springs. I. FLUX MELTING Also called as Volcanites such as Scoria and Rock is close to its melting point and coolant Obsidian. (water) is added to the rock, the melting temperature is reduced and partial melting starts As the magma moves upwards, it interacts with the surrounding rock, initiating partial melting onto other rocks. In example, trenches. love, eun 𐙚⋆.˚