Earth Moving Equipment PDF

Type of Equipment use in construction There are several equipment that is being used in the Construction Industry. These are used for both large and small scale purposes. Various types of Equipment are being used for Building & structural Construction, Road construction, underwater and other marine...

Type of Equipment use in construction There are several equipment that is being used in the Construction Industry. These are used for both large and small scale purposes. Various types of Equipment are being used for Building & structural Construction, Road construction, underwater and other marine construction work, Power projects etc Construction equipment can be categorized in to 4 main sections based on purpose and use, They are:  Earth Moving equipment  Construction vehicle  Material Handling Equipment  Construction Equipment 1. Earth Moving equipment 1.1 Excavator An excavator is a construction vehicle used to excavate or move large objects. An Excavator is basically made up of 2 parts: a driving base associated a powerful boom arm with an attachment designed for excavating. Also, Excavators are been used in large and small scale constructions. They are used for small housing projects to do a cut and fill, used in road construction, used in marine structures to place armors and large rocks, and also been used in larger sites to excavate, move construction material, remove construction waste etc….. There are several types of excavators which are classified on use, brand and purpose. Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 27 o Digging of trenches, holes, foundations o Demolition o Material handling o General grading/landscaping o Brush cutting with hydraulic attachments o Forestry work o Lifting and placing of pipes o Mining, especially, but not only open-pit mining o River dredging Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 28 1.2 Graders A grader is a construction machine with a long blade used to create a flat surface. It is commonly called in names such as road grader, a blade, a maintainer and motor grader. In the construction of paved roads they are used to prepare the base course to create a wide flat surface for the asphalt to be placed on. They are also used to set native soil foundation pads to finish grade prior to the construction of large buildings. Many countries use grader for the flatting process that is done before the placing of Asphalt. Graders too have various types; some consist a large fork front, and some consist of a flat blade front, which vary from different sizes. Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 29  1.3 Loaders is a heavy equipment machine frequently used in construction industry, mainly used to Load material (such as demolition waste, feed, gravel raw minerals, used material, rock, and plywood) into or onto another type of machinery (such as a dump truckload).Loaders have a very higher productivity and a lower maintenance cost unlike most of the other large scale construction machines. The Loader has a large bucket with a shorter moving arm. Large quantities of material such as soil, construction material, etc can be moved from this. SIMILAR NAMES : FRONT END LOADER, BUCKET LOADER, SCOOP LOADER, OR SHOVEL Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 30  Usage Loaders in construction Loading materials into trucks Laying pipes Clearing rubble Moving construction waste and other materials Small excavations Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 31 1.4 Skid Loaders A skid loader or skid-steer loader is a small rigid frame, engine-powered machine with lift arms used to attach a wide variety of labor-saving tools or attachments. Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 32 1.5 Crawler Loaders The crawler loader combines the stability of the crawler tractor with the abilities of a wheel loader. However, to construct a reliable crawler loader it requires more than simply attaching a loader bucket onto a crawler tractor. It must be considered with its specific purpose in mind to ensure. It has the strength to survive heavy excavating. crawler loaders are capable of maneuvering across the entire construction site under its own power, whereas most hydraulic excavators require towing or transport. Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 33 1.6 Backhoe A backhoe, also known a rear tractor or back tractor, is a section of excavating equipment or digger consisting of a digging bucket on the end of a two-part articulated arm. They are typically mounted on the back of a tractor or front loader. usually through a total of around 200 degrees. Modern backhoes are powered by hydraulics. Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 34 1.7 Bulldozer A bulldozer is a crawler (continuous tracked tractor) with a substantial metal plate used (known as blade) fitted to push large amounts of soil, sand, dirt or other materials when construction or remodeling and usually push on the back with a claw mechanism (Known as ripper) to loosen densely-compacted materials Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 35 1.7 Trencher Ditchers or Trenches, are similar to excavators in the sense that penetrate the soil, break soil and rock, and from the earth. They differ from excavators in that the soil is removed in one continuous movement. Digging trenches for pipes used specifically for, but other machines have been improvised in the past in order to serve this purpose. Trenchers can come in two types  Ladder trenchers  Wheel trenchers Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 36 1.7 Scraper The scraper is a large piece of equipment used in mining, construction, agriculture and other earth moving applications. When the hopper is full it is raised, and closed with a vertical blade. The scraper can carriage its load to the fill area where the blade is raised, the back panel of the hopper, or the ejector, is hydraulically pushed forward and the load tumbles out. Then the empty scraper returns to the cut site and repeats the cycle. Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 37