Cell Structure and Function PDF
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This document provides an overview of cell structure and function. It covers different types of cells and their organelles, highlighting the similarities and differences between plant and animal cells. The document emphasizes the basic principles of cell theory, including the roles of cell membranes, cytoplasm, and the nucleus.
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1 - Smallest living unit - Most are microscopic 2 ### Discovery of Cells 3 #### Cell Theory - \(1838) Theodor Schwann & Matthias Schleiden - \(1855) Rudolf Virchow #### Principles of Cell Theory - All living things...
1 - Smallest living unit - Most are microscopic 2 ### Discovery of Cells 3 #### Cell Theory - \(1838) Theodor Schwann & Matthias Schleiden - \(1855) Rudolf Virchow #### Principles of Cell Theory - All living things are made up of cells. - The cell is the smallest living unit of structure and function of all organisms. - All cells arise from preexisting cells. 5 Basic Structure of a Cell ----------------------------------------------- ·Ribosom-es 6 ### Introduction to Cells **Bacterial Cell** 7 ### Cells May be Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic - ***Prokaryotes* include bacteria & lack a nucleus or membrane-bound structures called organelles** - ***Eukaryotes* include most other cells & have a nucleus and membrane- bound organelles (plants, fungi, & animals)** 8 Prokaryotes ---------------------------------- - **Cell membrane & cell wall** - **Contain ribosomes (no membrane) to make proteins in their cytoplasm** 9 Eukaryotic Cell --------------- - **Cell Membrane -- protectively envelops the cytoplasm** - **Cytoplasm -- the part where the main life activities occur** - **Nucleus (plural: nuclei) -- the part where the genetic material is found** 10 ### Two Main Types of Eukaryotic Cells  **Plant Cell Animal Cell** ##### Cell membrane 12  ##### Cell membrane 13 ### Cytoplasm of a Cell ##### Cytoplasm 14 ##### Cytoplasm 15 16 ##### Organelles Found in the Cytoplasm 17 ##### Mitochondrion 18  ##### Mitochondria 19 Lysosome ============================== - **Contains digestive enzymes** - **Considered as "suicidal sacs" of the cell** - **Break down large molecules into smaller molecules that can be oxidized by the mitochondrion** 20 Golgi Bodies ================================== - **Stacks of flattened sacs** - **Have a shipping side & a receiving side** - **Receive & modify proteins made by ER** - **Transport vesicles with modified proteins** **pinch off the ends Transport** **vesicle** 21 ### Smooth & Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum 22 - **Near the nucleus** - **Paired structures** - **Help cell divide** 23 ### Control Organelle ##### Nucleus 24  ##### Nucleus 25 Nucleolus ========= - **Cell may have 1 to 3 nucleoli** - **Inside nucleus** - **Disappears when cell divides** - **Manufactures ribosomes that make proteins** 26 ##### Cell wall 27 ##### Cell wall ### Plant Cell Organelles ##### Chloroplast 29 ### Plant Cell Organelles ##### Vacuole 30 ### Different kinds of plant cells 31 ### Different kinds of animal cells 32  33 ### Differences between plant cells and animal cells 34 ### Differences between Plant Cells and Animal Cells 35  36 37
