E-Mat Reviewer PDF

**E-Mat**- includes many chemical elements in which some of the elements are used in the commercially pure state. **Metallic Materials**- contain any several chemical elements and exhibit electrical and thermal conductivity **Non-Metallic Materials**- do not recognize metallic characteristics **F...

**E-Mat**- includes many chemical elements in which some of the elements are used in the commercially pure state. **Metallic Materials**- contain any several chemical elements and exhibit electrical and thermal conductivity **Non-Metallic Materials**- do not recognize metallic characteristics **Ferrous Materials**- contain iron as based metal **Non-Ferrous Materials**- materials that do not contain iron as its base. **Structure**- materials usually relates to the arrangement of the internal component. **Property**- materials traits in the terms of the kind of magnitude of response. **Chemical property**- materials that relates to its behavior in chemical reaction. **Physical Property**- used to describe substances in the absence of external force **Mechanical Property**- describe the behavior of materials under the application of force. **Elasticity**- return to its original shape or length upon the removal of external force. **Brittleness**- break up or fail suddenly without warning. **Hardness**- resist penetration, wear or scratch. **Ultimate Strength**- the ultimate stress of a materials. **Toughness**- refers to the amount of energy required to fracture the standard test piece **Plasticity**- properties of material which by virtue permanent deformation can occur, it is the opposite of elasticity\.... **Malleability**- ability of materials by virtue of which it may plastically compressed. **Ductility**- deformed plastically without fracture. **Alloy**- made up of two or more metal element. **Metal Alloy**- metallic substance composed of two or more element. **Ferrous Alloy**- susceptible to corrosion. **Steel**- its carbon content does not exceed 1.7 percent. **Pig Iron**- product of smelting iron ore in a blast furnace. **Scrap Iron**- waste piece of iron, to be recast or rework. **Intermediate Product**- use in production of final goods **Iron Ores**- are rocks and mineral from which metallic iron can be economically extracted. **Blast Furnace**- used for smelting to produce industrial metals. **Smelting**- is the process in which metal is obtained. **Plain Carbon Steel**- only contain iron and carbon. **Alloy Steel**- have greater strength, required heat treatment. **Cast Iron**- class of ferrous iron with carbon content above 1.7 percent **Gray Cast Iron-**comparatively weak Ang brittle in tension. Effective in dumping vibrational energy, high resistance to wear. **Ductile Cast Iron**- adding a small amount of magnesium to the gray Cast iron before casting. **White Cast Iron**- 1.0wt percent silicon, white appearance, chilled cast iron. **Malleable Cast Iron**- improve white Cast iron by the process of annealing. **Annealing**- is the heat treatment that alters the microstructure of materials. **Casting**- is the manufacturing process by which a liquid material usually poured into mold. **Nickel**- increases the strength with high elastic limit and good ductility. **Chromium**- increase hardness, sharply increase corrosion resistance. **Manganese**- eliminates formation of harmful iron sulfides. **Tungsten**- remains hardness when hot, promote high tensile strengths and elastic limit. **Molybdenum**- increases machinability for the same hardness. **Vanadium**- increase hardness, creep resistance and impact resistance, promote heat resistance. **Silicon**- have a high elastic limit. **Chrome nickel**- when heat treated, they acquired greatly increase tensile strength and elastic limit, together with toughness and ductility. **Non-Ferrous metal and Alloy**- are more expensive than any other iron and steel substitute. **Copper**- next to iron and steel in commercial importance, particularly because of its electrical conductivity or low electrical resistivity. **Brass**- a combination of alloy copper and zinc. **Bronze**- a combination of alloy copper and tin. **Zinc**- resistance to atmospheric corrosion, malleable and ductile. It is brittle in room temperature. **Galvanization**- is the process of applying zinc coating to steel or iron. **Die casting**- process by forcing metal under high pressure into a mold cavity. **Aluminum**- malleable and ductile. Characterize by extreme lightness in weight. **Lead**- it is soft, weak and malleable and it has little ductility. **Tin**- highly resistance to corrosion when pure, low strength, soft and weak. **Antimony**- alloying element, increase hardness and stiffness, lead storage batteries. **Titanium**- it has higher strength, resist to corrosion and atmospheric pressure. **Hard** type- composed primarily of copper. **Soft type**- includes babbitts and cadmium-silver-copper alloy. **Metallurgy**- science deals with the preparation or metals and alloys. **Chemical metallurgy**- reduction of metal from minerals, refining and alloying. **Physical metallurgy**- deals with the nature structure and physical properties of metals and alloys. **Chemical metallurgy**- working and shaping of metals and alloys. **Ores**- types of rock that contain mineral and important elements. **Gangue**- worthless materials, also called impurities of an earth nature. **Iron Ores**- are rocks and minerals from which metallic iron can be economically extracted. **Primary Metal**- are metal directly produce from an ore. **Secondary Metals**- are materials reclaimed from scrap. **Acid Ores**- which contain a predominant of silica or silicates. **Basic Ores**- which contain a predominance of limestone and magnesia. **Mining**- is the extraction of ore from one valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth. **Ore dressing/mineral processing**- minerals from their ores increase by a mechanical treatment. **Purification**- separating valuable minerals from their ore but the process usually involves mechanical. **Reduction**- separating minerals from their ores but the process usually involves chemical change. **Refining**- process used to improve the purity of the materials, usually for secondary metal. **Fluxes**- are the materials added to the ores after dressing to melt the gangue. **Slag**- the combination of gangue and flux. **Furnace**- equipment used for heating. **Blast Furnace**- used for smelting to produce metals. **Fuel**- used in the metallurgical process, it may be solid, liquid or coal **Bessemer Process**- It is the first and the simplest method of producing steel from pig iron or scrap in large quantities. **Open Hearth Process**- Open hearth employs heat and gaseous fuels. It is used to produce about 90 percent of the world's total steel output. **Direct-Arc Electric Process**- Used for special and high-alloy steels with less impurity and are of higher quality. **[Casting]** is a process by which the fluid is brought to a fluid state by heating and is then poured or forced into a mold. **[Mold-]** is a hollow cavity of the desired shape. **[Founding]** is the art of making metal castings. **[Sand casting]** the most widely used casting process, utilizes expendable sand molds to form complex metal parts that can be made of nearly any alloy. **[Die casting]** is a process of forcing molten metal into a metallic die or mold under pressure, usually 1,000 to 5,000 psi. **[Centrifugal casting]**, sometimes called roto casting, is a metal casting process that uses centrifugal force to form cylindrical parts. **[Hot working]** is a process of forming metals by deformation at temperatures above recrystallization temperature. **[ingot]** is a metal, that is cast into a shape suitable for further processing, such as hot working, cutting or milling to produce a useful final product. Rolling- The most widely used deformation process, consists of passing a piece of metal between two rolls. **[Blooms]**- bars having a cross section of more than 6 inches that have been rolled from ingots. **[Billets]** are rolled products that have a cross section of less than 6 inches and that are not in the finished form. **[Slabs]** are rectangular cross-sectional, rolled products in which the width far exceeds the thickness. **[Forging]** is the art of working metals by the application of sudden blows or by steady pressure. **[Drop forging]** is a metal shaping process in which a hot piece of metal is hammered. **[Die]** is a material-shaping device. **[Upset/Machine forging]** is made in a horizontal press. 1. **[Press forging]** is made in vertical press. 2. **[Smith forging]** is a manual forging of small, hot metal parts with flat or simple-shaped dies, as with a hammer and anvil. 3. **[Cold working]** is a process of forming metals by deformation at temperatures below recrystallization temperature 4. **[Cold Rolling]** is a squeezing process used to finish sheet or bar stock for the desired purpose. The method employs rolling mills. 5. **[Sizing]** is a squeezing method of producing an accurate dimension in a heavy press. Restricted to materials that are relatively ductile. 6. [**Swaging**](Cold%20Working/Swaging-%20Swaging%20Machine%20RAS%2012.35.flv) is a metal forming process that is used to reduce or increase the diameter of tubes and/or rods. 7. **[Cold heading]** is a type of forging operation in which upset shapes are formed. 8. [**Coining**](Cold%20Working/Coining-%20JGH-60%20Metal%20Craft%20Coining%20Machine.flv) is a stamping or squeezing process in which the metal is formed between dies in a heavy process. It is employed particularly in the production of money. 9. **[Pressing]** or [**stamping**](Cold%20Working/Metal%20Stamping%20by%20BeadSmith%20-%20YouTube.mp4) is a stamping process in which sheet or plates are subjected to shallow drawing in formed dies such as imprinting numbers and figures into the surface of a solid metal. 10. [**Shot Peening**](Cold%20Working/Shot%20Peening%20Metal%20Improvement.flv) is used to develop compressive stresses in the surface of the metal to improve metal's fatigue resistance. 11. **[Extruding]** is a process to form metal with a desired shape by forcing it through a die. 12. **[Deep Drawing]** is a process in which cup-shaped articles or shells are produced from sheet metals by means of a punch or die. 13. **[Stretch Forming]** is a method of shaping sheet metals by stretching them over dies to attain the desired shape. 14. [**Embossing**](Cold%20Working/Embossing-%20Metal%20Embossing.mp4) is related to stretching but is done by punch and die on relatively small pieces. 15. **[Spinning]** is a special case of drawing in which the work is rotated and formed by means of a tool. The workpiece may have the form of a disk or of a cup.