DRO1113 L8 - Work Equipment Hazards Control Student Copy.pdf

DRO1113 Topic 8 - WORK EQUIPMENT HAZARDS AND CONTROL SLIDE | 1 1 Lesson outcome In the end of this session, you should be able to understand and describe Suitability of work equipment Use and maintenance of equipment with spec...

DRO1113 Topic 8 - WORK EQUIPMENT HAZARDS AND CONTROL SLIDE | 1 1 Lesson outcome In the end of this session, you should be able to understand and describe Suitability of work equipment Use and maintenance of equipment with specific risks Maintenance and inspection Operation and working environment User responsibilities Hand-held tools Hand-held power tools Mechanical machinery hazards Non-mechanical machinery hazards Practical safeguards SLIDE | 2  Introduction ▪ Employers and the self-employed must ensure that work equipment is suitable, maintained, inspected, if necessary, provided with adequate information and instruction and only used by people who have received sufficient training. ▪ When work equipment is provided, it must conform to standards which cover its supply as a new or second-hand piece of equipment and its use in the workplace. This involves: o its initial integrity o the place where it will be used o the purpose for which it will be used. SLIDE | 3 3 WORK EQUIPMENT HAZARDS AND CONTROL Suitability of work equipment Under ‘u er’ law employers have to provide safe equipment of the correct type, ensure that it is correctly used and maintain it in a safe condition new equipment, including machinery, should have ‘CE’ marking when purchased ‘CE’ marking is only a claim by the manufacturer that the equipment is safe and that they have met relevant supply law SLIDE | 4 4 WORK EQUIPMENT HAZARDS AND CONTROL Use and maintenance of equipment with specific risks ▪ Repairs, modifications, maintenance or servicing is also restricted to designated persons. ▪ A designated person may be the operator if he/she has the necessary skills and has received specific instruction and training ▪ Hierarchy of controls should be adopted to reduce the risks by: o eliminating the risks; or, if this is not possible; o taking physical measures to control the risks such as guards, but if the risks cannot be adequately controlled; o taking appropriate software measures, such as a safe system of work. SLIDE | 5 5 WORK EQUIPMENT HAZARDS AND CONTROL Maintenance and inspection ▪ Work equipment needs to be properly maintained so hat it continues to operate safely and in the way it was designed to perform ▪ The amount of maintenance will be stipulated in the manufacturer ’ s instructions and will depend on the amount of use, the working environment and the type of equipment SLIDE | 6 6 Maintenance and inspection Maintenance Preventative planned maintenance Condition based maintenance Breakdown based maintenance Typical maintenance notice. SLIDE | 7 WORK EQUIPMENT HAZARDS AND CONTROL Operation and working environment ▪ To operate work equipment safely it must be fitted with easily reached and operated controls, kept stable, properly lit, kept clear and provided with adequate markings and warning signs. SLIDE | 8 WORK EQUIPMENT HAZARDS AND CONTROL Operation and working environment ▪ Equipment should be provided with efficient means of: o Starting or making a significant change in operating conditions o Stopping in normal circumstances o Emergency stopping as necessary to prevent danger SLIDE | 9 WORK EQUIPMENT HAZARDS AND CONTROL Operation and working environment ▪ Equipment control should: o Be easily reached from the operating position o Not permit accidental starting of equipment o Move in the same direction as the motion being controlled o Vary in mode, shape and direction of movement to prevent inadvertent operation of the wrong control o Incorporate adequate red emergency stop buttons o Incorporate adequate red emergency stop button of the mushroom-headed type with lock-off o Have shrouded or sunken green start buttons to prevent accidental starting of equipment o Be clearly marked to show what they do SLIDE | 10 WORK EQUIPMENT HAZARDS AND CONTROL Operation and working environment ▪ Controls Start controls Stop controls Emergency stop controls Isolation of equipment ▪ Stability Stability is important and is normally achieved by bolting equipment in place or, if this is not possible, by using clamps. Some equipment can be tied down, counterbalanced or weighted, so that it remains stable under all operating conditions. The quality of general and local lighting will need to be considered to ensure the safe operation of the equipment. SLIDE | 11 WORK EQUIPMENT HAZARDS AND CONTROL Operation and working environment ▪ Markings Marking on equipment must be clearly visible and durable The contents, or the hazards of the contents, as well as controls, will need to be marked on some equipment Warnings or warning devices are required in some cases to alert operators or people nearby to any dangers. SLIDE | 12 WORK EQUIPMENT HAZARDS AND CONTROL User responsibilities ▪ Reasonable care for themselves and others who may be affected and to cooperate with the employer ▪ Use equipment properly in accordance with instructions and training ▪ They must also inform employers of dangerous situations and shortcomings in protection arrangements. SLIDE | 13 1 Hand-held tools SLIDE | 14 1 Hand-held power tools SLIDE | 15 1 Hand-held power tools SLIDE | 16 1 Hand-held power tools SLIDE | 17 1 Hand-held tools Basic safety rules ▪ Keep all tools in good condition with regular maintenance; ▪ Use the right tool for the job; ▪ Examine each tool for damage before use and do not use damaged tools; ▪ e too ccord ng to the m nuf cturer’ n truct on ; ▪ Provide and use properly the right personal protective equipment (PPE). SLIDE | 18 1 Hand-held tools Hazards of hand tools ▪ Broken handles on files/ chisels/ screwdrivers/ hammers which can cause cut hands or hammer heads to fly off ▪ Incorrect use of knives, saws and chisels with hands getting injured in the path of the cutting edge ▪ Tools that slip causing stab wounds ▪ poor- quality uncomfortable handles that damage hands ▪ Splayed wrenches that slip and damage hands or faces ▪ Chipped or loose hammer heads that fly off or slip ▪ Flying particles that damage eyes from breaking up stone or concrete SLIDE | 19 1 Hand-held tools Hazards of hand tools (Cont.) ▪ Electrocution or burns by using incorrect or damaged tools for electrical work ▪ Use of poorly insulated tools for hot work in the catering or food industry ▪ Use of pipes or similar equipment as extension handles for a spanner which is likely to slip causing hand or face injury ▪ Use spark producing or percussion tools in flammable atmospheres ▪ Painful wrists and arms from the frequent twisting from using screwdrivers ▪ When using saw blades, knives or other tools, they should be directed away from aisle and away from other people working in close proximity. SLIDE | 20 2 Hand tools Safety consideration Suitability Inspection Training Use well-designed high-quality tools SLIDE | 21 2 Hand-held power tools General hazards ▪ mechanical entanglement in rotating ▪ manual handling problem with a risk of injury spindles or sanding discs; if the tool is heavy or very powerful; ▪ waste material flying out of the cutting ▪ hand–arm vibration, especially with area; pneumatic drill and chainsaws, disc cutters ▪ coming into contact with the cutting and petrol-driven units; blades or drill bits; ▪ tripping hazard from trailing cables, hoses or ▪ risk of hitting electrical, gas or water power supplies services when drilling into building ▪ equipment and cables or cutting the electrical surfaces; cable; ▪ electrocution/electric shock from poorly maintained ▪ eye hazard from flying particles; SLIDE | 22 2 Hand-held power tools Typical safety controls and instructions ▪ Guarding Must be provided to protect operator from: o Point of operation o In-running nip points o Rotating parts o Flying chips and sparks ▪ Operating controls and switches Equipped with a constant-pressure switch or control that shuts off the power when pressure is released Handles should be designed to protect operators from excessive vibration and keep their hands away from danger areas SLIDE | 23 2 Hand-held power tools Typical safety controls and instructions ▪ Safe operations/ instructions Shall protected against electrical shock, personal injury, ill health and risk of fire Should read the instruction before using equipment and ensure there are followed: o Maintain a clean and tidy working area o Never expose power tools to rain o Do not use power tools in the vicinity of combustible fluids, dust or gases unless tested o Handle by authorized person o Stored in safe place o Use right tools o Wear suitable work clothes, safety glasses, respirator mask o Do not abuse the power cable SLIDE | 24 2 Mechanical machinery hazards Range of mechanical hazards SLIDE | 25 2 Mechanical machinery hazards Range of mechanical hazards SLIDE | 26 2 Mechanical machinery hazards Range of mechanical hazards SLIDE | 27 2 Classification of mechanical hazards 1. Crushing hazard through being trapped between a moving part of a machine and a fixed structure, such as a wall or any material in a machine; 2. Shearing hazard which traps part of the body, typically a hand or fingers, between moving and fixed parts of the machine; 3. Cutting or severing hazard through contact with a cutting edge, such as a band saw or rotating cutting disc 4. Entanglement hazard with the machinery which grips loose clothing, hair or working material, such as emery paper, around revolving exposed parts of the machinery. The smaller the diameter of the revolving part the easier it is to get a wrap or entanglement; SLIDE | 28 2 Classification of mechanical hazards 5. Drawing-in or trapping hazard such as between in-running gear wheels or rollers or between belts and pulley drives; 6.Impact hazard when a moving part directly strikes a person, such as with the cc dent movement of robot’ work ng rm when m nten nce t k ng p ce; 7. Stabbing or puncture hazard through ejection of particles from a machine or a sharp operating component like a needle on a sewing machine; 8. Contact with a friction or abrasion hazard , for example on grinding wheels or sanding machines; 9. high-pressure fluid injection (ejection hazard) for example, from a hydraulic system leak. SLIDE | 29 2 Non-mechanical machinery hazards Access: slips, trips and falls; falling and Radiation: ionizing and non-ionizing; moving objects; obstructions and Biological: viral or bacterial; projections Physiological effects (e.G. Musculoskeletal Lifting and handling disorders); Electricity (including static electricity): Psycho-physiological effects (e.G. Mental overload or underload); shock, burns Human errors Burns and other injuries from fi re and Hazards from the environment where the explosion machine is used (e.G. Temperature, wind, Noise and vibration snow, lightning) Pressure and vacuum High/low temperature Inhalation of dust/fume/mist Suffocation SLIDE | 30 3 Activity 1 (KALAM) – Machinery hazards List all possible machinery hazards come from these equipment. ▪ Office – photocopier ▪ Office – document shredder ▪ Manufacturing and maintenance – bench-top grinding machine ▪ Manufacturing and maintenance – pedestal drill ▪ Agriculture/horticultural – cylinder mower ▪ Chainsaw ▪ Retail – compactor ▪ Retail – checkout conveyor system ▪ Construction – cement/concrete mixer ▪ Construction – bench-mounted circular saw SLIDE | 31 WORK EQUIPMENT HAZARDS AND CONTROL Practical safeguards ▪ Dangerous parts of machinery should be prevented in a preferred order or hierarchy of control methods. The standard required is a ‘ practicable ’ one, so that the only acceptable reason for non-compliance is that there is no technical solution. Cost is not a factor. ▪ Levels of protection required are, in order of implementation fixed enclosing guarding; other guards or protection devices, such as interlocked guards and pressure- sensitive mats; protection appliances, such as jigs, holders and push sticks; the provision of information, instruction, training and supervision. SLIDE | 32 3 WORK EQUIPMENT HAZARDS AND CONTROL Practical safeguard - Fixed guard ▪ Simple, always in position, difficult to remove and almost maintenance-free. ▪ A fixed guard has no moving parts and should, by its design, prevent access to the dangerous parts of the machinery. ▪ An alternative fixed guard is the distance fixed guard, which does not completely enclose a hazard, but which reduces access by virtue of its dimensions and its distance from hazard. SLIDE | 33 3 WORK EQUIPMENT HAZARDS AND CONTROL Practical safeguards – Fixed guard SLIDE | 34 3 WORK EQUIPMENT HAZARDS AND CONTROL Practical safeguards – Adjustable guard User-adjusted guard fixed or movable guards, which are adjustable for a particular operation during which they remain fixed used with machine tools where some access to the dangerous part is required (e.g. drills, circular saws, milling machines) and where the clearance required will vary (e.g. with the size of the cutter in use on a horizontal milling machine or with the size of the timber being sawn on a circular saw bench) Adjustable guard for a rotating shaft, such as a pedestal drill SLIDE | 35 3 WORK EQUIPMENT HAZARDS AND CONTROL Practical safeguards – Adjustable guard (cont.) Self-adjusted guard Adjust itself to accommodate, for example, the passage of material. Only provide a partial solution in that they may well still allow access to the dangerous part of the machinery. Require careful maintenance to ensure the guard work to the best advantage. Self-adjusting guard on a wood saw SLIDE | 36 3 WORK EQUIPMENT HAZARDS AND CONTROL Practical safeguards - Interlocking guards Allow safe access to operate and maintain the machine without dismantling the safety devices. connected with the power or control system of the machine. Typical sliding and hinged interlocking guards. SLIDE | 37 3 WORK EQUIPMENT HAZARDS AND CONTROL Other safety devices – Trip Devices A trip device does not physically keep people away but detects when a person approaches close to a danger point. Should be designed to stop the machine before injury occurs. Telescopic trip device fitted to a radial drill SLIDE | 38 3 WORK EQUIPMENT HAZARDS AND CONTROL Other safety devices – Two-handed control devices Require the operator to have both hands in a safe place (the location of controls) before the machine can be operated. Design should not allow any part of body enter the danger zone during operation. No protection to anyone other than the operator. SLIDE | 39 3 WORK EQUIPMENT HAZARDS AND CONTROL Other safety devices – Hold-to-run-control Allows movement of the machinery only as long as the control is held in set position. The control must return automatically to the stop position when released. Give even less protection to the operator than two-handed controls and no protection to anyone other than operator. SLIDE | 40 4 WORK EQUIPMENT HAZARDS AND CONTROL Guard construction The design and construction of guards must be appropriate to the risk identified and the mode of operation of the machinery. Factor to be considered: o Strength o Visibility o Ease of maintenance & cleanliness o Weight and size o Noise attenuation o Openings o Compatibility o Enabling a free flow of air o Hygiene o Avoidance of additional hazards SLIDE | 41 4 Conclusion ✓Hazards factors when handling work equipment should be considered when assessing risks from manual handling activities to suggest ways of minimizing manual handling risk ✓It is very important to identify the hazards and explain the precautions and procedures to ensure safety in the use of hand-held tools, hand-held power tools, and other machinery. ✓Worker's responsibilities and well maintenance when handling work equipment are essential to avoid accident. SLIDE | 42 4  Link Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-vJIwO9fmNY SLIDE | 43 4  What did you learn from this video? Can you relate this video to all the topics we have learned so far? SLIDE | 44 4 THANK YOU SLIDE | 45 4