Animal Life PDF

# Animal Life ## Mind Opener - You are a living thing. - What do you think are the differences between: - You and plants? - You and animals? - So what do you think you are - an animal or a plant? Why? ## Learning Objectives By the end of the lesson you will be able to: - explain the di...

# Animal Life ## Mind Opener - You are a living thing. - What do you think are the differences between: - You and plants? - You and animals? - So what do you think you are - an animal or a plant? Why? ## Learning Objectives By the end of the lesson you will be able to: - explain the different eating habits of animals. - recognise how the bodies of animals are suited to their surroundings. - describe the different kinds of breathing and movements observed in animals. - state why some animals travel long distances. ## There are millions of different types of Animals that live on the Earth. - Animals such as Amoeba are very tiny and can only be seen under a microscope. - Some such as the blue whale are huge - many times the size of an elephant. ## Animals live in many different kinds of Surroundings. - They are found in forests, rivers, seas, ponds, deserts, mountains, snow-covered areas, air, and even in our homes. ## The Surroundings in which a living organism lives and survives is called its habitat. - Animals have different features that help them to survive in their specific habitat. ## Different Body Coverings | Animal | Covering | Description | | ------------------------------------- | -------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | Snails, turtles, and tortoises | Shell | Protects their soft bodies | | Fish and reptiles | Scales | Protects their bodies, thin for fish and hard leathery for reptiles | | Birds | Feathers | Protects them, keeps them warm, and helps them to fly | | Mammals | Hair | Protects them and keeps them warm; a thick covering of hair is called **fur** | ## Different Eating Habits - Different animals eat different kinds of food to stay alive. - The mouth parts of animals are adapted to the kind of food they eat. ### Animals that Eat Plants - Animals such as cow, sheep, goat, zebra and horse eat plants. - They are called **herbivores**. - They have sharp front teeth to cut or bite the plants, and large flat back teeth to grind the food. ### Animals that Eat Both Plants and Animals - Ducks, fowls, humans, and bears eat both plants and animals. - These animals are known as **omnivores**. - Fowls eat grains and worms. - Humans eat both vegetables and meat. ## Different Methods of Breathing - In order to stay alive, animals have to breathe continuously. - Oxygen from the inhaled air is used to release the energy from food. - Carbon dioxide is breathed out during exhalation. ### Some Animals Breathe Through Lungs - Mammals, birds, and reptiles breathe through their lungs. - They have two lungs, which are connected by a breathing tube to the nostrils (breathing holes in the nose.) - Air is breathed in through the nostrils and fills the lungs. - The lungs become big when air enters. - The lungs exchange the oxygen in the inhaled air with the carbon dioxide produced in the body. - The air is then breathed out through the nostrils. ### Some Animals Breathe Through Moist Skin - The earthworm breathes through its moist skin. - So does the frog, when it is in water. - On land, the frog breathes through its lungs. ### Some Animals Breathe Through Body Holes - Insects breathe through tiny holes, called **spiracles**, on both sides of their body. - The air that enters reaches all parts of the body through small tubes called breathing tubes. ### Some Animals Breathe Through Gills - Fish. tadpoles, prawns, and most animals that live in water breathe the air dissolved in water. - They have **gills** instead of lungs. - They take in water through their mouths. - As the water passes over the gills, the dissolved oxygen is taken in, and carbon dioxide is given out. ## Different Methods of Moving - Animals move to look for food. - They also move to escape from enemies and find shelter from heat, rain, and cold. - They move in different ways. - Some move slowly and some move fast. - Some move over small distances, and some move over long distances. ### Animals That Move on Land - Many animals living on land move with the help of their limbs. - Lions, tigers, elephants, and many others walk on four limbs. - The front limbs are called the **forelimbs**, and the ones behind are the **hindlimbs**. - Cheetahs, horses, gazelles, and zebras are good runners. They use their strong legs to run fast. - Rabbits and hares **hop** instead of walking. Their hindlimbs are strong and longer than their forelimbs. - Humans can stand upright and walk on two legs. Their arms are the forelimbs. The arrangement of the thumb and other fingers helps humans to lift, hold, and grab things. - Snakes and worms do not have legs. A snake moves by curving and straightening its body. - A worm shortens and elongates its body repeatedly to move. - Crocodiles, lizards, and tortoises use their four short legs to crawl. - All insects have six legs. Ants and beetles use their legs for walking. - A grasshopper uses its powerful hind legs to hop. ### Animals that Fly - Birds use their wings to fly. - The wings are actually the forelimbs. - By moving the wings up and down, birds push themselves through the air. - The bodies of birds are small and light, making it easy for them to fly. ## Some Animals Travel Long Distances - Many people who live in very cold places like Nainital or Shimla go to warmer places during winters. - In the same way, several animals that live in very cold places like Siberia, in Russia, come to warmer places like India during winters. - They travel thousands of miles to find warmth, food, and to give birth to their young. - They travel alone or in large groups. - At the end of winter, they go back to their original home. - This seasonal movement of animals from one region to another is called **migration**. The Arctic tern travels more than 70,000 km when it migrates from the Arctic region in winter to the Antarctic (where it is summer at that time) and back again. Some eels that live in the freshwater rivers swim more than 6000 km to the sea to reproduce. The young eels