Grade 11 Social Studies DISS Reviewer PDF

lOMoARcPSD|46675896 DISS- Reviewer - Grade 11 DISS Teaching Approaches in Social Studies (Emilio Aguinaldo College) Scan to open on Studocu Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university Downloaded by uh...

lOMoARcPSD|46675896 DISS- Reviewer - Grade 11 DISS Teaching Approaches in Social Studies (Emilio Aguinaldo College) Scan to open on Studocu Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university Downloaded by uhh duhh ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|46675896 DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES REVIEWER. 2ND QUARTER EXAMINATION I. SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM ★ 3 PARADIGMS ○ structural functionalism ○ conflict theory ○ symbolic interactionism Communications and interactions in this symbol define your social reality. In symbolic interactionism, truth varies from one person to another. - Social Reality - Meanings Change ➔ Communication- you can only communicate with other people only ➔ Interaction- can be made with other objects and other people Our actions will be guided by meanings Individuals are capable of making their own decisions apart from the social structure ❖ THERE IS NO TRUTH ( the only truth is that “THERE IS NO TRUTH” - TRUTH FOR ALL ❖ There is no unified “my truth” A. KEY CONCEPT 1. Interaction-based Meaning - Meaning is not monopolized by a single person or perspective. Because something can have di erent meanings because of di erent perspectives. 2. Human Agency - Humans- - a. George Hubert Meed- Social Self- language - 1. Language allows communication - Communication allows individuals to internalize the opinion of others. - 2. Play- allows Individuals to act a role. - 3. Games allows an individual to act while imposing a rule B. Charles Horton Cooley- looking through glass self- through encounters and interactions - ★ The only truth is that there is no such thing as an absolute truth. ❖ SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM FLAWS Lacks testability Cannot be subjected to quantitative research (not everyone has the same Downloaded by uhh duhh ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|46675896 opinions with each other. Unsystematic Subjective Unreliable II. STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONALISM - Macro theory- Involves not just individuals but also systems. - Organizations and institutions are structures ➔ Functions may be di erent but they are all interconnected= one problem in an organization can a ect the whole system. ❖ SOCIAL STRUCTURES: 1) Government 2) Education 3) Religion 4) Family AGENCY- abilities to act independently therefore, they have a fault on what outcome their government has STRUCTURE- the government is at fault because they have the power to make a change in the lives of other people and they still failed to alleviate the problems. ❖ Anthony Gideon’s Theory of Structuration Society and Individuals are in relationship with each other therefore, the government shapes individuals and in the process, individuals shape the structure. III. PSYCHOANALYSIS- pioneered by Sigmund Freud Psychoanalytic theory: Carl Jung ★ Psychoanalysis is both a theory and a clinical approach ○ Theory- how the individual a ects the society ○ Approach- aids individuals who are su ering from repression of emotions and consciousness Repressed emotions might a ect the society Stimulus- trigger factor Downloaded by uhh duhh ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|46675896 ➔ 3 LEVELS OF AWARENESS a. Conscious Awareness b. Sub- Conscious Awareness c. Unconscious Awareness ➔ Sigmund Freud proposed the Psychosexual theory ◆ There are 5 Stages (3 lang sa lesson); all stages has libido 1. Stage 1 - 0-1 y/o - Oral stage - Pleasure is focused on the mouth 2. Stage 2 - 2-3 y/o - Anal stage - Anal Explosive - lacks discipline - Anal Retentive - who hates mess, is obsessively tidy, punctual and respectful of authority. 3. Stage 3 - 3-6 y/o - Phallic stage - came from the latin word phallus meaning taint/genitals - Sex addicts, exhibitionism - Informal sex education begins when the child starts to learn more about the body ➔ 3 LEVELS OF THE MIND ACCORDING TO FREUD a. Id- found in the unconscious level > basic urges like eating, sleeping, drinking b. Ego- decision-maker > center of logic and reason c. Superego- subconscious > the conscience >demands strict adherence to rules and regulations of the society Downloaded by uhh duhh ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|46675896 IV. CARL JUNG ➔ Founder of the Analytic Psychology ➔ Archetypes that can trigger your subconscious ❖ 2 TYPES OF PERSONALITIES a. Introvert - energy derived from within - retrospection >the focus is the self b. Extrovert - source of the energy is from the outside - extrospection ➔ Every individual has 2 personalities; the only thing that di ers from everyone is that one personality is much more dominant than the other. ❖ LIMITATIONS OF PSYCHOANALYSIS AS A THEORY a. Phenomenological - experience-based > too personal and cannot be based on that whole society. b. Pseudoscience - appears to be scientific V. MARXISM/FEMINISM ➔ Carl Marx is the proponent of Marxism He is a historian, economist, and expert in Politics ❖ Hegelian Philosophy Idealist Philosophy - Plato believed in the world of ideas, world spirit. Not here - only a shadow of reality ❖ Empiricist Philosophy Aristotle - Father of Biology As a scientist he relies in empirical evidence “Reality is here and now”. ➔ Marx never believed in Idealist Philosophy. ◆ He was an empiricist and materialist. - Marx believed that in all phases of history there has been a conflict between two dominant classes of society. ○ - Slave Society (Antiquity): Conflict was between free citizen and slave. Downloaded by uhh duhh ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|46675896 ○ - Feudal Society (Middle Ages): Conflict was between feudal lord and serf/aristocrat and citizen. ○ - Capitalist Society (Marx’s time): Conflict between Bourgeois and the proletariat. ➔ Together with Engels, Marx published a COMMUNIST MANIFESTO in 1848. -The first sentence in the manifesto states, ‘a specter is haunting Europe- the specter of Communism.’ ★ “Let the ruling classes tremble at a Communist revolution. The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win. Workingmen of all countries, unite!” LIMITATIONS AND FLAWS: The actual implementation of communism is criticized by many historians and political scientists. Even if the ruling power would come from ranks of the proletariat, some critics believe that these rulers would inevitably look down upon the laborers and later turn themselves as oppressors (Stalin, Polpot, Mao, etc.) VI. HERMENEUTICAL PHENOMENOLOGY Big Idea: Hermeneutical phenomenology highlights the value of experience in the making of meaning and concepts. Etymology- Hermes (Greek god). Deliver the message. The message must be delivered exactly as it is expected to be conveyed. Hermeneutics - Hermeneutics originated from biblical studies and is defined as the understanding and analysis of biblical interpretation. Bible scholars adopt hermeneutics to avoid committing the mistake of MISUNDERSTANDING and MISINTERPRETING the SACRED SCRIPTURES - Using hermeneutics, scholars understand the scriptures by analyzing the historical and social contexts when and where passages were conceptualized and situated. It also involved careful analysis of the text and its structures. Downloaded by uhh duhh ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|46675896 - Eventually, hermeneutics evolved and became a tool applicable in social analysis. -According to hermeneutical scholars, this approach is equally useful in dealing with non biblical texts such as poetry, journals, diaries, text messages, editorials, caricatures, political speeches, interpretative dances, protest songs, chants, etc. ❖ Hermeneutical Role 2 - Any reflective activity involves interpretation, whether explicitly expressing it or not, implied, or categorically stated, {we} will always play the role of the hermeneutic (someone who performs hermeneutics). When somebody (interlocutors) says that he or she ‘understands’ the word in certain way and not in any other way, it is a cue that an act of interpretation is always involved. ❖ - Hermeneutics must make sure that the discourse must be cognizant of the ‘communicative power’ of the citizens. With the combination of rationality, joining arguments in the public sphere, and communicative action, the hermeneutics will look at how the actors are able to participate in the discourse: 1. Activate their rational/ knowledge potentials 2. Employ ordinary language that can democratize deliberation 3. Work for the common goals that they share about 4. In turn create a lifeworld as a result of hermeneutic mediation - To interpret in this way will make you understand life in society better, especially during times of conflict, crisis, and disagreement. ❖ Main Characteristics of Phenomenological Method 1. Epoche’ - Literally defined as ‘bracketing’, a mathematical term borrowed by Husserl to mean that we need to put inside the bracket all our natural attitudes of our object of inquiry. - Natural attitudes mean our advanced concepts like prejudices and biases. - These natural attitudes can create misconceptions and therefore in a scientific study these natural attitudes are invalid and unreliable because we do not have enough evidence to prove their claim. - Example: you have seen a bald man (for the first time) with lots of tattoos. Our natural attitude to this kind of person is that he is a bad boy, naughty, irresponsible, and dirty. - The first method suggests that we need to bracket all these natural attitudes because there is not enough and valid conclusion. Downloaded by uhh duhh ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|46675896 In the spirit of fairness, allow him to unfold himself who he really is. 2. Reduction - Look for the essences or ideas that remain in your consciousness in relation to the object you are conscious of. This involves a long process of a kind of mediation; it takes you beyond the ordinary knowledge that you have learned in natural science and in simplistic psychology. a. Phenomenological Eidetic Reduction - The word ‘eidetic’ comes from the Greek word ‘eidos’ which means in English an image, shape or form. - This is an intelligible term. You reduce an object to the level of the mind. Eidetic reduction is about analyzing essences: what makes the thing you are contemplating what it is. - For example, the bald man with a tattoo. Upon looking at him you analyze him as an individual, a man, a person, a friend, a member of any gang. - Who is this person free from prejudices? Why does he have tattoos? b. Phenomenological Transcendental Reduction - Under this method, one reduces the object to the mere activity itself of one’s own consciousness. Instead of paying attention simply to talking, listening, loving, and seeing during the time of encounter, you will now turn yourself to the very experience of the ‘I’ who will decide the validity of the objects in experience. - “What is it that I experienced during my last encounter with him?” - The third method gives us the idea that there is always truth in every experience and only ‘I’ can validate it. - For example, having a pleasant encounter with a bald and tattooed person, the ‘I’ always finds the reason to perpetuate their friendship due to what has been a good and pleasant experience they shared. - “I don’t care what you have in mind. You judge him as a bad person, irresponsible, or whatever. But based on what I experienced about this guy, he is not.” Downloaded by uhh duhh ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|46675896 ❖ - Awareness connotes three things: 1. The object of our intention (noema) 2. The intentional act (noesis) ❖ 3. The conscious self - Example, when the boy buys an ice cream (noema), he is aware that what he is buying is an ice cream and not otherwise. Buying is an intentional act (noesis). This is the reason why he calls the vendor because he wants to buy an ice cream. And lastly, who is the subject and the author of the activity, it is the conscious self. - The self is the giver of meaning and keeps on repeating this activity because he feels satisfied eating ice cream. He finds the meaning of this activity. - Phenomenology attempts to understand people’s perceptions, opinions, and understanding of a particular situation (or phenomenon). Downloaded by uhh duhh ([email protected])