Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences PDF

‌ Unit‌‌2:‌‌Dominant‌‌Approaches‌‌and‌‌Ideas‌‌in‌‌the‌‌Social‌‌Sciences‌ ‌ ‌ Lesson‌‌2.3‌ ‌ Symbolic‌‌Interactionism‌ ‌ ‌ Contents‌ ‌ Introduction‌...

‌ Unit‌‌2:‌‌Dominant‌‌Approaches‌‌and‌‌Ideas‌‌in‌‌the‌‌Social‌‌Sciences‌ ‌ ‌ Lesson‌‌2.3‌ ‌ Symbolic‌‌Interactionism‌ ‌ ‌ Contents‌ ‌ Introduction‌ 1‌ ‌ Learning‌‌Objectives‌ 2‌ ‌ Explore‌ 2‌ ‌ Discover‌ 3‌ ‌ What‌‌Is‌‌Symbolic‌‌Interactionism?‌ 4‌ ‌ Blumer’s‌‌Three‌‌Basic‌‌Premises‌ 6‌ ‌ Max‌‌Weber‌ 9‌ ‌ Wrap-Up‌ 10‌ ‌ Try‌‌This!‌ 11‌ ‌ Challenge‌‌Yourself‌ 12‌ ‌ Reflect‌‌on‌‌This‌ 14‌ ‌ Bibliography‌ 14‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌  ‌ Unit‌‌2:‌‌Dominant‌‌Approaches‌‌and‌‌Ideas‌‌in‌‌the‌‌Social‌‌Sciences‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ Lesson‌‌2.3‌ ‌ Symbolic‌‌Interactionism‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ Introduction‌ ‌ The‌ ‌lockdown‌ ‌and‌ ‌social‌ ‌distancing‌ ‌measures‌ ‌brought‌ ‌about‌ ‌by‌ ‌the‌ ‌COVID-19‌ ‌pandemic‌‌ changed‌ ‌our‌ ‌usual‌ ‌way‌ ‌of‌ ‌doing‌ ‌things.‌ ‌Since‌ ‌then,‌ ‌the‌ ‌majority‌ ‌of‌ ‌our‌ ‌face-to-face‌‌ interactions‌ ‌have‌ ‌been‌ ‌limited‌ ‌to‌ ‌our‌ ‌family‌ ‌members.‌ ‌The‌ ‌internet,‌ ‌particularly‌ ‌social‌‌ media,‌‌has‌‌been‌‌able‌‌to‌‌keep‌‌us‌‌connected‌‌to‌‌our‌‌friends‌‌and‌‌to‌‌other‌‌people‌‌important‌‌to‌‌ us.‌‌However,‌‌at‌‌the‌‌back‌‌of‌‌our‌‌minds,‌‌we‌‌still‌‌feel‌‌the‌‌need‌‌to‌‌have‌‌actual‌‌interactions‌‌with‌‌ them,‌ ‌to‌ ‌go‌ ‌outside‌ ‌without‌ ‌restrictions,‌ ‌and‌ ‌visit‌ ‌malls‌ ‌or‌‌restaurants‌‌without‌‌the‌‌fear‌‌of‌‌ getting‌‌sick.‌‌The‌‌social‌‌isolation‌‌that‌‌the‌‌pandemic‌‌caused‌‌has‌‌affected‌‌us‌‌in‌‌many‌‌ways.‌‌ ‌ ‌ Social‌‌interactions,‌‌especially‌‌face-to-face‌‌interactions,‌‌play‌‌an‌‌important‌‌role‌‌in‌‌how‌‌we‌‌live‌‌ our‌ ‌lives.‌ ‌Without‌ ‌realizing‌ ‌it,‌ ‌these‌ ‌interactions‌ ‌that‌ ‌we‌ ‌were‌ ‌used‌ ‌to‌ ‌make‌ ‌us‌ ‌not‌ ‌only‌‌ social‌‌beings‌‌but‌‌also‌‌shape‌‌the‌‌society‌‌that‌‌we‌‌live‌‌in.‌‌In‌‌order‌‌to‌‌fully‌‌grasp‌‌this‌‌notion‌‌and‌‌ gain‌ ‌a‌ ‌better‌ ‌grasp‌ ‌of‌ ‌our‌ ‌society,‌ ‌this‌ ‌lesson‌ ‌will‌ ‌help‌ ‌us‌ ‌understand‌ ‌symbolic‌‌ interactionism.‌ ‌ ‌ 2.3.‌S ‌ ymbolic‌I‌ nteractionism‌ ‌ 1‌ ‌  ‌ Unit‌‌2:‌‌Dominant‌‌Approaches‌‌and‌‌Ideas‌‌in‌‌the‌‌Social‌‌Sciences‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ Learning‌‌Objectives‌ ‌ DepEd‌‌Competency‌ ‌ At‌t‌ he‌e ‌ nd‌o ‌ f‌t‌ his‌l‌esson,‌y ‌ ou‌s‌ hould‌b ‌ e‌a ‌ ble‌t‌ o‌‌ In‌‌this‌‌lesson,‌‌you‌‌should‌‌be‌‌able‌‌to‌‌do‌‌the‌‌ appraise‌t‌ he‌m ‌ eanings‌t‌ hat‌p ‌ eople‌a ‌ ttach‌t‌ o‌‌ following:‌ ‌ everyday‌f‌ orms‌o ‌ f‌i‌nteraction‌i‌n‌o ‌ rder‌t‌ o‌e ‌ xplain‌‌ social‌b ‌ ehavio‌r‌(‌HUMSS_DIS‌1 ‌ 1-IIIh-3‌).‌ ‌ Explain‌‌symbolic‌‌interactionism.‌ ‌ ‌ Identify‌‌Max‌‌Weber’s‌‌ contribution‌‌to‌‌symbolic‌‌ interactionism.‌ ‌ ‌ Explore‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ Down‌‌Memory‌‌Lane‌ ‌ 10‌ ‌minutes‌ ‌Instructions‌ ‌ 1. Read‌‌a‌‌book,‌‌watch‌‌a‌‌movie,‌‌or‌‌listen‌‌to‌‌a‌‌song‌‌that‌‌was‌‌meaningful‌‌to‌‌you‌‌when‌‌you‌‌ were‌‌a‌‌child.‌‌Choose‌‌one‌‌only.‌ ‌ 2. Recall‌ ‌a‌‌feeling,‌‌a‌‌memory,‌‌or‌‌a‌‌meaning‌‌you‌‌can‌‌connect‌‌to‌‌this‌‌particular‌‌piece‌‌of‌‌ media.‌‌ ‌ 3. Think‌ ‌of‌ ‌the‌ ‌feeling,‌ ‌memory,‌ ‌or‌ ‌meaning‌ ‌you‌ ‌attach‌ ‌to‌ ‌that‌ ‌piece‌ ‌of‌ ‌media‌ ‌at‌‌ present.‌ ‌ 4. Answer‌‌the‌‌guide‌‌questions.‌ ‌ ‌ Guide‌‌Questions‌ ‌ 1. Compare‌‌and‌‌contrast‌‌the‌‌meaning‌‌you‌‌attribute‌‌to‌‌the‌‌chosen‌‌piece‌‌of‌‌media‌‌then‌‌ and‌‌now.‌‌ ‌ ________________________________________________________________________________________‌ ________________________________________________________________________________________‌ ________________________________________________________________________________________‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ 2.3.‌S ‌ ymbolic‌I‌ nteractionism‌ ‌ 2‌ ‌  ‌ Unit‌‌2:‌‌Dominant‌‌Approaches‌‌and‌‌Ideas‌‌in‌‌the‌‌Social‌‌Sciences‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ 2. Why‌‌do‌‌you‌‌think‌‌the‌‌meaning‌‌you‌‌have‌‌attached‌‌to‌‌that‌‌piece‌‌of‌‌media‌‌changed?‌ ‌ ________________________________________________________________________________________‌ ________________________________________________________________________________________‌ ________________________________________________________________________________________‌ ‌ ‌ 3. In‌ ‌your‌ ‌opinion,‌ ‌what‌ ‌meanings‌ ‌do‌‌other‌‌people‌‌attach‌‌to‌‌that‌‌piece‌‌of‌‌media?‌‌Are‌‌ their‌‌notions‌‌similar‌‌to‌‌or‌‌different‌‌from‌‌yours?‌‌Explain‌‌your‌‌answer.‌ ‌ ________________________________________________________________________________________‌ ________________________________________________________________________________________‌ ________________________________________________________________________________________‌ ‌ Discover‌ ‌ ‌ Social‌ ‌interactions‌ ‌are‌ ‌key‌ ‌to‌ ‌how‌ ‌an‌ ‌individual‌‌ W ‌ ords‌‌to‌‌Remember‌ ‌ develops.‌‌As‌‌we‌‌go‌‌through‌‌the‌‌socialization‌‌process,‌‌ interaction‌‌– ‌ ‌ ‌a‌‌ we‌ ‌are‌ ‌immersed‌ ‌in‌ ‌various‌ ‌types‌ ‌of‌ ‌situations‌ ‌that‌‌ process‌‌in‌‌which‌‌the‌‌ help‌‌us‌‌to‌‌integrate‌‌into‌‌the‌‌larger‌‌part‌‌of‌‌the‌‌society.‌‌ ability‌‌to‌‌think‌‌is‌‌both‌‌ A‌ ‌number‌ ‌of‌ ‌sociologists‌ ‌try‌ ‌to‌ ‌explain‌ ‌large-scale‌‌ developed‌‌and‌‌ interactions‌ ‌in‌ ‌society.‌ ‌However,‌ ‌our‌ ‌everyday‌‌ expressed‌ ‌ minute‌ ‌interactions‌ ‌also‌ ‌play‌ ‌a‌ ‌role‌ ‌not‌ ‌only‌ ‌in‌ ‌our‌‌ social‌‌interaction‌‌– ‌ ‌‌a‌‌ individual‌ ‌development‌ ‌but‌ ‌also‌ ‌in‌ ‌greater‌ ‌societal‌‌ process‌‌by‌‌which‌‌people‌‌ changes.‌ ‌In‌ ‌fact,‌ ‌these‌ ‌interactions‌ ‌can‌ ‌also‌ ‌help‌‌ act‌‌and‌‌react‌‌in‌‌relation‌‌ redefine‌ ‌everything‌ ‌in‌ ‌our‌ ‌society.‌ ‌In‌‌this‌‌lesson,‌‌we‌‌ to‌‌others‌ ‌ will‌ ‌discuss‌ ‌symbolic‌ ‌interactionism,‌ ‌a‌ ‌sociological‌‌ Verstehen‌‌– ‌ ‌‌interpretive‌‌ approach‌ ‌utilized‌ ‌in‌ ‌understanding‌ ‌how‌ ‌our‌ ‌society‌‌ understanding‌‌applied‌‌ works‌‌even‌‌in‌‌the‌‌smallest‌‌of‌‌interactions.‌ ‌ by‌‌sociologists‌‌to‌‌ ‌ understand‌‌both‌‌the‌‌ ‌ intention‌‌and‌‌context‌‌of‌‌ ‌ human‌‌actio‌n‌‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ 2.3.‌S ‌ ymbolic‌I‌ nteractionism‌ ‌ 3‌ ‌  ‌ Unit‌‌2:‌‌Dominant‌‌Approaches‌‌and‌‌Ideas‌‌in‌‌the‌‌Social‌‌Sciences‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ How‌ ‌is‌ ‌symbolic‌ ‌interactionism‌ ‌relevant‌ ‌in‌ ‌understanding‌‌ differences‌‌in‌‌our‌‌society‌‌today?‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ What‌‌Is‌‌Symbolic‌‌Interactionism?‌ ‌ Symbolic‌ ‌interactionism‌ ‌is‌ ‌a‌ ‌major‌ ‌approach‌ ‌in‌ ‌sociology‌ ‌that‌ ‌centers‌ ‌on‌ ‌social‌‌ interactions‌ ‌in‌ ‌specific‌ ‌situations‌ ‌in‌ ‌society.‌ ‌It‌ ‌is‌ ‌therefore‌ ‌considered‌ ‌as‌ ‌a‌ ‌micro–level‌‌ approach.‌ ‌According‌ ‌to‌ ‌authors‌ ‌John‌ ‌Macionis‌ ‌and‌ ‌Linda‌ ‌Gerber,‌ ‌symbolic‌ ‌interactionism‌‌ “sees‌‌society‌‌as‌‌the‌‌product‌‌of‌‌the‌‌everyday‌‌interactions‌‌of‌‌individuals.”‌ ‌ ‌ The‌ ‌term‌ ‌symbolic‌ ‌interactionism‌ ‌was‌ ‌coined‌ ‌by‌ ‌sociologist‌ ‌Herbert‌ ‌Blumer‌‌(1900‌–1 ‌ 987)‌‌in‌‌ 1937.‌‌As‌‌its‌‌name‌‌implies,‌‌sociologists‌‌using‌‌this‌‌approach‌‌accept‌‌that‌‌we‌‌live‌‌in‌‌a‌‌world‌‌full‌‌ of‌ ‌symbols.‌ ‌According‌ ‌to‌ ‌author‌ ‌Joel‌ ‌Charon,‌ ‌symbols‌ ‌refer‌ ‌to‌ ‌social‌ ‌objects‌ ‌used‌ ‌to‌‌ represent‌ ‌whatever‌ ‌people‌ ‌agree‌ ‌they‌ ‌shall‌ ‌represent‌ ‌(Charon‌ ‌1995,‌ ‌39).‌ ‌Examples‌ ‌of‌‌ symbols‌ ‌include‌ ‌gestures,‌ ‌language,‌ ‌and‌ ‌actions.‌ ‌Symbols‌ ‌also‌ ‌include‌‌logos‌‌and‌‌religious‌‌ icons.‌‌Symbolic‌‌interactionism‌‌focuses‌‌on‌‌how‌‌symbols‌‌and‌‌their‌‌meanings‌‌affect‌‌individual‌‌ actions‌ ‌and‌ ‌social‌ ‌interactions‌ ‌in‌ ‌our‌ ‌everyday‌ ‌lives.‌ ‌Through‌ ‌social‌ ‌interactions,‌ ‌our‌‌ capacity‌ ‌for‌ ‌thought‌ ‌enables‌ ‌us‌ ‌to‌ ‌attach‌ ‌meanings‌ ‌to‌ ‌symbols‌ ‌and‌ ‌virtually‌ ‌everything‌‌ around‌‌us.‌‌ ‌ ‌ According‌‌to‌‌Macionis,‌‌symbolic‌‌interactionism‌‌was‌‌founded‌‌on‌‌the‌‌idea‌‌that‌‌our‌‌society‌‌is‌‌ “nothing‌ ‌more‌ ‌than‌ ‌a‌ ‌shared‌ ‌reality‌ ‌that‌ ‌people‌ ‌construct‌ ‌for‌ ‌themselves‌‌as‌‌they‌‌interact‌‌ with‌ ‌one‌ ‌another.”‌ ‌Furthermore,‌ ‌he‌ ‌says‌ ‌that‌ ‌society‌ ‌is‌ ‌created‌ ‌as‌ ‌we‌ ‌define‌ ‌our‌‌ surroundings,‌ ‌decide‌ ‌what‌ ‌we‌ ‌think‌ ‌of‌ ‌others,‌ ‌and‌ ‌shape‌‌our‌‌own‌‌identities.‌‌According‌‌to‌‌ sociologist‌ ‌James‌ ‌Farganis,‌ ‌Blumer‌ ‌sees‌ ‌symbolic‌ ‌interaction‌ ‌as‌ ‌a‌ ‌unique‌ ‌human‌ ‌process‌‌ that‌‌requires‌‌an‌‌individual‌‌to‌‌understand‌‌the‌‌meaning‌‌of‌‌something‌‌(a‌‌symbol‌‌or‌‌an‌‌action‌‌ itself),‌‌as‌‌well‌‌as‌‌the‌‌action‌‌of‌‌others,‌‌and‌‌then‌‌shape‌‌an‌‌appropriate‌‌response.‌‌This‌‌means‌‌ that‌ ‌individuals‌ ‌always‌ ‌try‌ ‌to‌ ‌mesh‌ ‌their‌ ‌behaviors‌ ‌and‌ ‌actions‌ ‌with‌ ‌those‌ ‌they‌ ‌are‌‌ interacting‌ ‌with.‌ ‌Thus,‌ ‌our‌ ‌society‌ ‌and‌ ‌everything‌ ‌in‌ ‌it‌ ‌continue‌ ‌to‌ ‌undergo‌ ‌change.‌‌ According‌‌to‌‌symbolic‌‌interactionism,‌‌we‌‌are‌‌in‌‌an‌‌ongoing‌‌process‌‌of‌‌meaning-making.‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ 2.3.‌S ‌ ymbolic‌I‌ nteractionism‌ ‌ 4‌ ‌  ‌ Unit‌‌2:‌‌Dominant‌‌Approaches‌‌and‌‌Ideas‌‌in‌‌the‌‌Social‌‌Sciences‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ To‌‌understand‌‌symbolic‌‌interactionism‌‌better,‌‌let‌‌ us‌ ‌use‌ ‌the‌ ‌peace‌ ‌sign‌ ‌hand‌ ‌gesture‌ ‌and‌ ‌how‌ ‌it‌‌ affects‌ ‌our‌ ‌social‌ ‌interactions.‌ ‌We‌ ‌have‌ ‌learned‌‌ that‌‌the‌‌symbol‌‌shown‌‌in‌‌Fig.‌‌1‌‌means‌‌"peace."‌‌If‌‌ we‌ ‌do‌ ‌this‌ ‌gesture‌ ‌in‌ ‌front‌ ‌of‌ ‌other‌ ‌people‌ ‌who‌ also‌‌learned‌‌its‌‌meaning,‌‌they‌‌may‌‌interpret‌‌such‌‌ a‌ ‌gesture‌ ‌with‌ ‌the‌ ‌same‌ ‌meaning.‌ ‌Indeed,‌‌ through‌ ‌continuous‌ ‌interaction‌ ‌and‌ ‌sharing‌ ‌of‌‌ meaning,‌‌symbols‌‌can‌‌gain‌‌a‌‌wider‌‌acceptance‌‌of‌‌ their‌ ‌attached‌ ‌meanings.‌ ‌American‌ ‌sociologist‌‌ George‌ ‌Ritzer‌ ‌argues‌ ‌that‌ ‌groups‌ ‌and‌ ‌societies‌‌ are‌ ‌shaped‌ ‌by‌ ‌action‌ ‌and‌ ‌interaction‌ ‌and‌ ‌the‌ attached‌‌meanings‌‌to‌‌these.‌ ‌ ‌ Unlike‌ ‌structural-functionalism,‌ ‌where‌‌a‌‌human‌‌being‌‌is‌‌part‌‌of‌‌a‌‌larger‌‌social‌‌structure‌‌or‌‌ institution‌ ‌that‌ ‌follows‌ ‌a‌ ‌certain‌ ‌set‌ ‌of‌ ‌functions,‌ ‌an‌ ‌individual‌ ‌under‌ ‌symbolic‌‌ interactionism‌ ‌plays‌ ‌an‌ ‌active‌ ‌role‌ ‌in‌ ‌constructing‌ ‌or‌ ‌reconstructing‌ ‌society.‌ ‌According‌ ‌to‌‌ authors‌ ‌Ruth‌ ‌Wallace‌ ‌and‌ ‌Alison‌ ‌Wolf,‌ ‌symbolic‌ ‌interactionism‌ ‌focuses‌ ‌on‌ ‌individuals'‌‌ actions‌ ‌or‌ ‌reactions‌ ‌and‌ ‌how‌ ‌they‌ ‌attach‌ ‌meaning‌ ‌to‌ ‌specific‌ ‌situations.‌ ‌They‌ ‌add‌ ‌that‌‌ because‌ ‌of‌ ‌this,‌ ‌different‌ ‌individuals‌ ‌may‌ ‌attach‌ ‌different‌ ‌meanings‌ ‌to‌ ‌a‌ ‌similar‌‌situation.‌‌ For‌ ‌example,‌ ‌Facebook‌ ‌was‌ ‌initially‌ ‌considered‌ ‌as‌‌a‌‌tool‌‌to‌‌communicate‌‌with‌‌friends‌‌and‌‌ loved‌ ‌ones‌ ‌and‌ ‌reconnect‌ ‌with‌ ‌old‌ ‌acquaintances‌ ‌and‌ ‌even‌ ‌family‌ ‌members‌ ‌from‌ ‌other‌‌ places.‌ ‌However,‌ ‌as‌ ‌Facebook‌ ‌has‌ ‌become‌ ‌an‌ ‌integral‌ ‌part‌ ‌of‌ ‌our‌ ‌everyday‌ ‌lives,‌ ‌it‌ ‌has‌‌ become‌ ‌more‌ ‌than‌ ‌a‌ ‌communication‌ ‌tool.‌ ‌It‌ ‌also‌ ‌became‌ ‌a‌ ‌means‌ ‌of‌ ‌self-expression.‌ However,‌ ‌it‌ ‌is‌ ‌also‌ ‌a‌ ‌tool‌ ‌for‌ ‌cyberbullying‌ ‌and‌ ‌a‌ ‌means‌ ‌to‌ ‌spread‌ ‌misinformation‌ ‌and‌‌ biased‌‌claims‌‌for‌‌some‌‌people.‌‌ ‌ ‌ Check‌‌Your‌‌Progress‌ ‌ What‌‌meaning‌‌does‌‌social‌‌media‌‌have‌‌in‌‌your‌‌life?‌‌ ‌ ‌ ______________________________________________________________________‌ ______________________________________________________________________‌ ______________________________________________________________________‌ ‌ ‌ 2.3.‌S ‌ ymbolic‌I‌ nteractionism‌ ‌ 5‌ ‌  ‌ Unit‌‌2:‌‌Dominant‌‌Approaches‌‌and‌‌Ideas‌‌in‌‌the‌‌Social‌‌Sciences‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ Blumer’s‌T ‌ hree‌B ‌ asic‌P ‌ remises‌‌ ‌ According‌ ‌to‌ ‌Wallace‌ ‌and‌ ‌Wolf,‌ ‌Herbert‌ ‌Blumer‌ ‌is‌ ‌one‌ ‌of‌ ‌the‌ ‌key‌ ‌figures‌‌in‌‌the‌‌symbolic‌‌ interactionism‌ ‌approach.‌ ‌Blumer‌ ‌argued‌ ‌the‌ ‌importance‌ ‌of‌ ‌subjective‌ ‌experience‌ ‌and‌‌ interpretation‌ ‌in‌ ‌explaining‌ ‌human‌ ‌interactions.‌ ‌In‌ ‌his‌ ‌book‌ ‌Symbolic‌ ‌Interactionism:‌‌ Perspective‌‌and‌‌Method‌,‌‌he‌‌theorized‌‌the‌‌three‌‌basic‌‌premises‌‌of‌‌symbolic‌‌interactionism.‌ ‌ ‌ 1. Human‌ ‌beings‌ ‌act‌ ‌toward‌ ‌things‌ ‌on‌‌the‌‌basis‌‌of‌‌the‌‌meanings‌‌that‌‌the‌‌things‌‌have‌‌ for‌‌them.‌ ‌ ‌ For‌ ‌Blumer,‌ ‌consciousness‌ ‌or‌ ‌awareness‌ ‌of‌ ‌one's‌ ‌action‌ ‌is‌ ‌a‌ ‌key‌ ‌element‌ ‌in‌‌ understanding‌ ‌a‌ ‌meaningful‌‌action‌‌by‌‌an‌‌individual.‌‌According‌‌to‌‌Wallace‌‌and‌‌Wolf,‌‌ Blumer‌‌believes‌‌that‌‌how‌‌an‌‌individual‌‌acts‌‌toward‌‌a‌‌specific‌‌situation‌‌is‌‌dependent‌‌ on‌ ‌how‌ ‌he‌ ‌or‌ ‌she‌ ‌thinks‌ ‌of‌ ‌it.‌ ‌Let‌ ‌us‌ ‌use‌ ‌smoking‌ ‌as‌ ‌an‌ ‌example.‌ ‌This‌ ‌activity’s‌‌ meaning‌‌would‌‌be‌‌one's‌‌perception‌‌of‌‌smoking‌‌or‌‌what‌‌meanings‌‌are‌‌attached‌‌to‌‌it.‌‌ Examples‌ ‌of‌ ‌such‌ ‌meanings‌‌would‌‌be‌‌health‌‌hazards,‌‌closer‌‌friendships,‌‌and‌‌stress‌‌ relief.‌ ‌The‌ ‌action‌ ‌would‌ ‌be‌ ‌whether‌ ‌to‌ ‌smoke‌ ‌or‌ ‌not‌ ‌to‌ ‌smoke.‌ ‌An‌ ‌individual‌ ‌who‌‌ sees‌ ‌smoking‌ ‌as‌ ‌beneficial‌ ‌is‌ ‌most‌ ‌likely‌ ‌to‌‌smoke.‌‌This‌‌person‌‌views‌‌smoking‌‌as‌‌a‌‌ means‌ ‌to‌ ‌relieve‌ ‌stress‌ ‌and‌ ‌to‌ ‌get‌ ‌closer‌ ‌to‌ ‌peers‌ ‌who‌ ‌are‌ ‌smoking.‌ ‌On‌ ‌the‌ ‌other‌‌ hand,‌ ‌someone‌ ‌who‌ ‌sees‌ ‌smoking‌ ‌as‌ ‌a‌ ‌health‌ ‌hazard‌ ‌is‌ ‌most‌ ‌likely‌ ‌to‌ ‌stray‌ ‌away‌‌ from‌‌the‌‌act‌‌itself‌‌or‌‌areas‌‌where‌‌people‌‌are‌‌smoking.‌ ‌ ‌ 2. The‌‌meaning‌‌of‌‌things‌‌arises‌‌out‌‌of‌‌the‌‌social‌‌interaction‌‌one‌‌has‌‌with‌‌one's‌‌fellows.‌ ‌ ‌ According‌‌to‌‌Wallace‌‌and‌‌Wolf,‌‌meaning‌‌is‌‌a‌‌social‌‌product;‌‌it‌‌is‌‌created,‌‌not‌‌inherent‌‌ in‌ ‌things;‌ ‌it‌ ‌is‌ ‌not‌ ‌a‌ ‌given.‌ ‌Both‌ ‌symbols‌ ‌and‌ ‌meanings‌ ‌present‌ ‌in‌ ‌a‌ ‌society‌ ‌are‌‌ socially‌ ‌constructed‌ ‌and‌ ‌agreed‌‌upon‌‌through‌‌specific‌‌social‌‌interactions.‌‌Using‌‌the‌‌ previous‌ ‌example‌ ‌of‌ ‌smoking,‌ ‌an‌ ‌individual‌ ‌may‌ ‌view‌ ‌the‌ ‌said‌ ‌activity‌ ‌in‌‌a‌‌positive‌‌ way‌ ‌if‌ ‌he‌ ‌or‌ ‌she‌ ‌grew‌ ‌up‌ ‌in‌‌a‌‌family‌‌that‌‌allows‌‌smoking.‌‌For‌‌that‌‌person,‌‌smoking‌‌ can‌‌be‌‌an‌‌acceptable‌‌behavior.‌‌Later‌‌on,‌‌that‌‌same‌‌person‌‌may‌‌be‌‌influenced‌‌by‌‌his‌‌ or‌‌her‌‌friends‌‌to‌‌smoke‌‌because‌‌smoking‌‌was‌‌believed‌‌to‌‌make‌‌a‌‌person‌‌look‌‌"cool"‌‌ in‌ ‌that‌ ‌group.‌ ‌As‌ ‌that‌ ‌person‌ ‌grew‌ ‌up‌ ‌and‌ ‌started‌‌working,‌‌he‌‌or‌‌she‌‌may‌‌be‌‌then‌‌ persuaded‌ ‌to‌ ‌smoke‌ ‌during‌ ‌breaks‌‌since‌‌it‌‌provides‌‌an‌‌opportunity‌‌to‌‌get‌‌closer‌‌to‌‌ his‌‌or‌‌her‌‌bosses‌‌and‌‌gain‌‌a‌‌better‌‌standing‌‌in‌‌their‌‌company.‌‌What‌‌one‌‌can‌‌observe‌‌ ‌ 2.3.‌S ‌ ymbolic‌I‌ nteractionism‌ ‌ 6‌ ‌  ‌ Unit‌‌2:‌‌Dominant‌‌Approaches‌‌and‌‌Ideas‌‌in‌‌the‌‌Social‌‌Sciences‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ here‌ ‌is‌ ‌how‌ ‌social‌ ‌interactions‌ ‌provide‌ ‌a‌ ‌basis‌ ‌for‌ ‌the‌ ‌meaning‌ ‌that‌ ‌an‌ ‌individual‌‌ attaches‌‌to‌‌it.‌ ‌The‌‌meanings‌‌of‌‌a‌‌symbol‌‌or‌‌an‌‌action‌‌may‌‌vary‌‌depending‌‌on‌‌whom‌‌ the‌‌individual‌‌interacts‌‌with.‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ Fig.‌‌2.‌‌‌Smoking‌‌can‌‌have‌‌different‌‌meanings‌‌depending‌‌on‌‌the‌‌person‌ ‌ or‌‌group‌‌of‌‌individuals.‌ ‌ ‌ 3. The‌‌meanings‌‌of‌‌things‌‌are‌‌handled‌‌and‌‌modified‌‌through‌‌an‌‌interpretative‌‌process‌‌ used‌‌by‌‌the‌‌person‌‌in‌‌dealing‌‌with‌‌things‌‌he‌‌or‌‌she‌‌encounters.‌ ‌ ‌ As‌ ‌cited‌ ‌by‌ ‌Wallace‌ ‌and‌ ‌Wolf,‌ ‌Blumer‌ ‌described‌ ‌this‌ ‌interpretative‌ ‌process‌ ‌as‌‌an‌‌ act‌ ‌where‌ ‌a‌ ‌person‌ ‌communicates‌ ‌and‌ ‌handles‌ ‌meanings‌ ‌through‌ ‌a‌ ‌process‌ ‌of‌‌ talking‌‌to‌‌himself.‌‌Individuals‌‌decide‌‌the‌‌meaning‌‌that‌‌they‌‌attach‌‌to‌‌things.‌‌Because‌‌ an‌ ‌individual‌ ‌has‌ ‌the‌ ‌capacity‌ ‌for‌ ‌thought,‌ ‌he‌ ‌or‌ ‌she‌ ‌undergoes‌ ‌an‌ ‌internal‌‌ decision‌-making‌‌process‌‌(or‌‌interpretative‌‌process)‌‌whenever‌‌he‌‌or‌‌she‌‌encounters‌‌a‌‌ situation‌‌that‌‌questions‌‌the‌‌meaning‌‌of‌‌his‌‌or‌‌her‌‌actions.‌‌‌This‌‌interpretative‌‌process‌ takes‌ ‌into‌ ‌account‌ ‌the‌ ‌meanings‌ ‌attached‌‌to‌‌an‌‌action‌‌or‌‌symbol‌‌and‌‌the‌‌probable‌‌ action‌ ‌of‌ ‌others‌ ‌within‌ ‌that‌ ‌social‌‌interaction.‌‌This‌‌helps‌‌the‌‌individual‌‌produce‌‌the‌‌ most‌‌appropriate‌‌response.‌‌Thus,‌‌meanings‌‌attached‌‌to‌‌an‌‌action‌‌or‌‌symbol‌‌can‌‌be‌‌ retained‌‌or‌‌modified‌‌depending‌‌on‌‌the‌‌outcome‌‌of‌‌the‌‌interaction.‌‌Let‌‌us‌‌again‌‌use‌‌ smoking‌‌as‌‌an‌‌example.‌‌An‌‌individual,‌‌for‌‌example,‌‌may‌‌have‌‌grown‌‌up‌‌in‌‌a‌‌family‌‌of‌‌ non‌-s‌ mokers.‌ ‌Because‌ ‌of‌ ‌this,‌ ‌he‌ ‌or‌ ‌she‌ ‌has‌ ‌assigned‌ ‌“harm”‌ ‌as‌ ‌the‌ ‌meaning‌ ‌of‌‌ smoking.‌‌Let‌‌us‌‌say‌‌that‌‌this‌‌individual‌‌eventually‌‌met‌‌friends‌‌who‌‌smoke.‌‌This‌‌group‌‌ ‌ 2.3.‌S ‌ ymbolic‌I‌ nteractionism‌ ‌ 7‌ ‌  ‌ Unit‌‌2:‌‌Dominant‌‌Approaches‌‌and‌‌Ideas‌‌in‌‌the‌‌Social‌‌Sciences‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ of‌ ‌friends‌ ‌may‌ ‌have,‌‌one‌‌day,‌‌tried‌‌to‌‌convince‌‌him‌‌or‌‌her‌‌that‌‌smoking‌‌is‌‌relaxing.‌‌ The‌ ‌individual‌ ‌will‌ ‌now‌ ‌be‌‌undergoing‌‌the‌‌process‌‌of‌‌“talking‌‌to‌‌oneself.”‌‌He‌‌or‌‌she‌‌ will‌ ‌deliberate‌ ‌on‌ ‌the‌ ‌meanings‌ ‌he‌ ‌or‌ ‌she‌ ‌has‌ ‌attached‌ ‌to‌ ‌smoking,‌ ‌as‌ ‌well‌ ‌as‌ ‌the‌‌ present‌‌situation‌‌where‌‌he‌‌or‌‌she‌‌is‌‌in,‌‌in‌‌deciding‌‌whether‌‌to‌‌smoke‌‌or‌‌not.‌‌ ‌ ‌ For‌‌Blumer,‌‌all‌‌three‌‌premises,‌‌especially‌‌the‌‌interpretative‌‌process,‌‌are‌‌integral‌‌to‌‌symbolic‌‌ interactionists.‌‌These‌‌explain‌‌how‌‌meanings‌‌are‌‌created‌‌from‌‌a‌‌specific‌‌situation.‌‌ ‌ ‌ Check‌‌Your‌‌Progress‌ ‌ Why‌ ‌do‌‌you‌‌think‌‌the‌‌meanings‌‌we‌‌attach‌‌to‌‌symbols‌‌change?‌‌Do‌‌ you‌ ‌think‌ ‌socialization‌ ‌has‌ ‌something‌ ‌to‌ ‌do‌ ‌with‌ ‌it?‌ ‌Why‌ ‌or‌ ‌why‌ ‌ not?‌‌Explain‌‌your‌‌answer.‌ ‌ ______________________________________________________________________‌ ______________________________________________________________________‌ ______________________________________________________________________‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ 2.3.‌S ‌ ymbolic‌I‌ nteractionism‌ ‌ 8‌ ‌  ‌ Unit‌‌2:‌‌Dominant‌‌Approaches‌‌and‌‌Ideas‌‌in‌‌the‌‌Social‌‌Sciences‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ Max‌‌Weber‌ ‌ According‌‌to‌ ‌Wallace‌‌and‌‌Wolf,‌‌there‌‌are‌‌a‌‌number‌‌of‌‌prominent‌‌figures‌‌under‌‌the‌‌field‌ ‌of‌‌ symbolic‌ ‌interactionism;‌ ‌some‌ ‌of‌ ‌them‌ ‌are‌ ‌Georg‌ ‌Simmel‌ ‌(1858‌–1 ‌ 918),‌ ‌George‌ ‌Herbert‌‌ Mead‌ ‌(1863‌–1 ‌ 931),‌ ‌Herbert‌ ‌Blumer,‌ ‌Charles‌ ‌Horton‌ ‌Cooley‌ ‌(1864‌–1 ‌ 929),‌ ‌and‌ ‌Erving‌‌ Goffman‌‌(1922‌–1 ‌ 982).‌‌However,‌‌most‌‌sociologists‌‌have‌‌credited‌‌Max‌‌Weber‌‌for‌‌the‌‌origins‌‌ of‌‌this‌‌approach,‌‌as‌‌its‌‌roots‌‌can‌‌be‌‌traced‌‌to‌‌his‌‌original‌‌conception‌‌of‌‌sociology.‌‌ ‌ ‌ Max‌ ‌Weber‌ ‌(1864–1920)‌ ‌was‌ ‌a‌ ‌German‌ ‌sociologist‌‌ and‌ ‌political‌ ‌economist‌ ‌considered‌ ‌by‌ ‌many‌‌as‌‌one‌‌ of‌ ‌the‌ ‌greatest‌ ‌social‌ ‌scientists‌ ‌of‌ ‌the‌ ‌twentieth‌‌ century.‌ ‌According‌ ‌to‌ ‌Farganis,‌ ‌he‌ ‌was‌ ‌born‌ ‌to‌ ‌a‌‌ middle-class‌ ‌family‌ ‌in‌ ‌Germany;‌ ‌his‌ ‌father‌ ‌was‌ ‌a‌‌ politician,‌‌while‌‌his‌‌mother‌‌was‌‌a‌‌devout‌‌Protestant.‌‌ He‌ ‌studied‌ ‌law‌ ‌in‌ ‌Heidelberg‌‌and‌‌later‌‌on‌‌in‌‌Berlin.‌‌ This‌ ‌is‌ ‌also‌ ‌where‌ ‌he‌ ‌studied‌ ‌economic‌ ‌and‌ ‌legal‌‌ history.‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ Some‌‌of‌‌his‌‌contributions‌‌to‌‌symbolic‌‌interactionism‌‌ are‌ ‌believed‌ ‌to‌ ‌be‌ ‌rooted‌ ‌in‌ ‌his‌ ‌concept‌ ‌of‌‌ Verstehen‌ ‌or‌ ‌“interpretive‌ ‌understanding.”‌‌ According‌‌to‌‌Wallace‌‌and‌‌Wolf,‌‌for‌‌Weber,‌‌sociology‌‌ is‌ ‌a‌ ‌“science‌ ‌which‌ ‌attempts‌ ‌the‌ ‌interpretive‌‌ understanding‌ ‌of‌ ‌social‌ ‌action‌ ‌in‌ ‌order‌ ‌thereby‌ ‌to‌‌ arrive‌ ‌at‌ ‌a‌ ‌causal‌ ‌explanation‌ ‌of‌ ‌its‌ ‌course‌ ‌and‌‌ effects‌‌(Wallace‌‌and‌‌Wolf,‌‌1991:‌‌238).”‌‌Interpretive‌‌or‌‌ subjective‌‌understanding‌‌implies‌‌the‌‌need‌‌to‌‌understand‌‌how‌‌an‌‌individual‌‌makes‌‌sense‌‌of‌‌ an‌‌action‌‌or‌‌experience.‌‌Understanding‌‌this‌‌can‌‌help‌‌to‌‌fully‌‌grasp‌‌the‌‌meaning‌‌behind‌‌the‌‌ action‌ ‌or‌ ‌experience.‌ ‌For‌ ‌him,‌ ‌sociologists‌ ‌and‌ ‌other‌ ‌social‌ ‌scientists‌ ‌who‌ ‌seek‌ ‌to‌‌ understand‌‌a‌‌social‌‌experience‌‌or‌‌phenomenon‌‌must‌‌learn‌‌to‌‌put‌‌their‌‌feet‌‌in‌‌the‌‌subject’s‌‌ shoes.‌‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ 2.3.‌S ‌ ymbolic‌I‌ nteractionism‌ ‌ 9‌ ‌  ‌ Unit‌‌2:‌‌Dominant‌‌Approaches‌‌and‌‌Ideas‌‌in‌‌the‌‌Social‌‌Sciences‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ Another‌ ‌contribution‌ ‌of‌ ‌Weber‌ ‌to‌ ‌symbolic‌ ‌interactionism‌ ‌is‌ ‌his‌ ‌action‌ ‌theory.‌ ‌This‌‌ emphasizes‌ ‌the‌ ‌importance‌ ‌of‌ ‌subjective‌ ‌meaning,‌ ‌and‌ ‌it‌ ‌proved‌ ‌to‌ ‌be‌ ‌influential‌ ‌to‌‌ symbolic‌‌interactionism‌‌as‌‌a‌‌general‌‌approach‌‌in‌‌sociology.‌ ‌ ‌ In‌‌addition‌‌to‌‌this,‌‌Weber‌‌had‌‌other‌‌contributions‌‌to‌‌social‌‌science,‌‌especially‌‌in‌‌the‌‌field‌‌of‌‌ sociology.‌‌These‌‌contributions‌‌proved‌‌critical‌‌in‌‌promoting‌‌the‌‌discipline‌‌of‌‌sociology‌‌as‌‌it‌‌is‌‌ known‌ ‌today.‌ ‌The‌ ‌Protestant‌ ‌Ethic‌ ‌and‌ ‌the‌ ‌Spirit‌ ‌of‌ ‌Capitalism‌ ‌offered‌ ‌insights‌ ‌on‌ ‌how‌‌ religious‌ ‌ideas‌ ‌were‌‌related‌‌to‌‌economic‌‌activities‌‌in‌‌19th‌‌century‌‌Germany.‌‌In‌‌‌Politics‌‌as‌‌a‌‌ Vocation,‌‌he‌‌described‌‌the‌‌types‌‌of‌‌legitimate‌‌authority‌‌present‌‌in‌‌a‌‌society.‌‌Lastly,‌‌‌Economy‌‌ and‌ ‌Society‌ ‌was‌ ‌considered‌ ‌his‌ ‌monumental‌ ‌project‌ ‌because‌ ‌it‌ ‌consolidates‌ ‌all‌ ‌of‌ ‌his‌‌ theories,‌ ‌his‌ ‌interpretation‌ ‌of‌ ‌society,‌ ‌and‌ ‌the‌ ‌application‌ ‌of‌ ‌sociology‌ ‌in‌‌making‌‌sense‌‌of‌‌ our‌‌social‌‌reality.‌ ‌ ‌ ‌Wrap-Up‌ ‌ _____________________________________________________________________________________________‌ ‌ Symbolic‌ ‌interactionism‌ ‌is‌ ‌an‌ ‌approach‌ ‌that‌ ‌“sees‌ ‌society‌ ‌as‌ ‌the‌ ‌product‌ ‌of‌ ‌the‌‌ everyday‌‌interactions‌‌of‌‌individuals.”‌ ‌ Symbols‌ ‌refer‌ ‌to‌ ‌social‌ ‌objects‌‌used‌‌to‌‌represent‌‌whatever‌‌people‌‌agree‌‌they‌‌shall‌‌ represent.‌ ‌ According‌‌to‌‌authors‌‌Wallace‌‌and‌‌Wolf,‌‌‌meaning‌‌is‌‌a‌‌social‌‌product;‌‌it‌‌is‌‌created,‌‌not‌‌ inherent‌‌in‌‌things;‌‌it‌‌is‌‌not‌‌a‌‌given.‌ ‌ According‌ ‌to‌ ‌Herbert‌ ‌Blumer,‌ ‌symbolic‌ ‌interactionism‌ ‌has‌ ‌three‌ ‌basic‌ ‌premises.‌‌ These‌ ‌premises‌ ‌center‌ ‌on‌ ‌the‌ ‌importance‌ ‌of‌ ‌meanings,‌ ‌how‌ ‌meanings‌‌are‌‌formed‌‌ through‌‌social‌‌interaction,‌‌and‌‌how‌‌individuals‌‌can‌‌interpret‌‌meanings‌‌on‌‌their‌‌own.‌‌ ‌ Max‌ ‌Weber‌ ‌also‌ ‌believed‌ ‌in‌ ‌the‌ ‌importance‌ ‌of‌ ‌individual‌ ‌experiences‌ ‌in‌‌ understanding‌‌an‌‌action.‌ ‌ ‌ 2.3.‌S ‌ ymbolic‌I‌ nteractionism‌ ‌ 10‌ ‌  ‌ Unit‌‌2:‌‌Dominant‌‌Approaches‌‌and‌‌Ideas‌‌in‌‌the‌‌Social‌‌Sciences‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ _____________________________________________________________________________________________‌ ‌ ‌ Try‌‌This!‌ ‌ Completion.‌F ‌ ill‌‌in‌‌the‌‌blanks‌‌with‌‌the‌‌correct‌‌answer.‌ ‌ 1. Symbolic‌‌interactionism‌‌is‌‌an‌‌approach‌‌that‌‌sees‌‌society‌‌as‌‌the‌‌product‌‌of‌‌the‌‌ _________________________‌‌‌of‌‌individuals.‌ ‌ 2. For‌‌symbolic‌‌interactionists,‌‌society‌‌is‌‌a‌‌“_‌ ________________________‌‌‌reality”‌‌created‌‌ through‌‌our‌‌relationships‌‌with‌‌one‌‌another.‌ ‌ 3. _________________________‌,‌‌such‌‌as‌‌language‌‌and‌‌gestures,‌‌are‌‌social‌‌objects‌‌whose‌‌ meanings‌‌have‌‌been‌‌agreed‌‌upon‌‌in‌‌society.‌ ‌ 4. While‌‌structural‌-f‌ unctionalism‌‌claims‌‌that‌‌people‌‌are‌‌tied‌‌to‌‌the‌‌roles‌‌they‌‌play‌‌in‌‌ society,‌‌symbolic‌‌interactionism‌‌claims‌‌that‌‌people‌‌play‌‌a/an‌_‌ ________________________‌‌ role‌‌in‌‌shaping‌‌society.‌ ‌ 5. Sociologist‌_‌ ________________________‌‌‌presented‌‌the‌‌three‌‌premises‌‌of‌‌symbolic‌‌ interactionism.‌ ‌ ‌ 2.3.‌S ‌ ymbolic‌I‌ nteractionism‌ ‌ 11‌ ‌  ‌ Unit‌‌2:‌‌Dominant‌‌Approaches‌‌and‌‌Ideas‌‌in‌‌the‌‌Social‌‌Sciences‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ 6. Authors‌‌Wallace‌‌and‌‌Wolf‌‌explained‌‌that‌‌meaning‌ ‌is‌‌a‌‌social‌‌product‌‌that‌‌is‌‌created,‌‌ not‌_‌ ________________________‌‌‌in‌‌things‌‌or‌‌objects.‌ ‌ 7. The‌_‌ ________________________‌‌‌is‌‌described‌‌as‌‌a‌‌process‌‌of‌‌talking‌‌to‌‌oneself‌ ‌when‌‌ dealing‌‌with‌‌the‌‌meanings‌‌of‌‌a‌‌certain‌‌action.‌‌ ‌ 8. Max‌‌Weber’s‌_‌ ________________________‌‌‌theory‌‌emphasizes‌‌the‌‌importance‌‌of‌‌ subjective‌‌experience‌‌in‌‌making‌‌sense‌‌of‌‌society.‌‌ ‌ 9. Symbolic‌‌interactionists‌‌believe‌‌that‌‌the‌‌approach‌‌is‌‌rooted‌‌to‌‌Weber’s‌‌sociology,‌‌ particularly‌‌his‌‌concept‌‌of‌_‌ ________________________‌.‌‌ ‌ 10. Max‌‌Weber’s‌_‌ ________________________‌‌‌offered‌‌an‌‌insight‌‌on‌‌how‌‌religious‌‌ideas‌‌were‌‌ related‌‌to‌‌economic‌‌activities‌‌in‌‌19th‌‌century‌‌Europe.‌ ‌ ‌ Challenge‌‌Yourself‌ ‌ Answer‌‌the‌‌following‌‌questions.‌‌ ‌ ‌ 1. Explain‌ ‌how‌ ‌social‌ ‌interactions‌ ‌construct‌‌and‌‌reconstruct‌‌the‌‌meanings‌‌attached‌‌to‌‌ symbols‌‌in‌‌a‌‌culture‌‌or‌‌society.‌‌Use‌‌your‌‌own‌‌examples.‌‌ ‌ ________________________________________________________________________________________‌ ________________________________________________________________________________________‌ ________________________________________________________________________________________‌ ‌ ‌ 2. List‌‌down‌‌three‌‌meanings‌‌that‌‌you‌‌think‌‌the‌‌Filipino‌‌celebration‌‌of‌‌Christmas‌‌has‌‌in‌‌ our‌‌lives.‌‌Why‌‌do‌‌you‌‌think‌‌there‌‌are‌‌differences‌‌in‌‌meanings‌‌attached‌‌to‌‌it?‌‌Explain‌‌ your‌‌answer.‌ ‌ ________________________________________________________________________________________‌ ________________________________________________________________________________________‌ ‌ ________________________________________________________________________________________‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ 2.3.‌S ‌ ymbolic‌I‌ nteractionism‌ ‌ 12‌ ‌  ‌ Unit‌‌2:‌‌Dominant‌‌Approaches‌‌and‌‌Ideas‌‌in‌‌the‌‌Social‌‌Sciences‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ Suggested‌‌Rubric‌‌for‌‌Grading‌ ‌ The‌ ‌rubric‌ ‌below‌ ‌is‌ ‌a‌ ‌suggested‌ ‌one.‌ ‌Your‌ ‌teacher‌ ‌may‌ ‌modify‌ ‌it‌ ‌based‌ ‌on‌ ‌your‌ ‌needs.‌‌ Consult‌‌your‌‌teacher‌‌for‌‌the‌‌final‌‌rubric.‌‌ ‌ ‌ Performance‌L ‌ evels‌ ‌ 1‌ ‌ 3‌ ‌ Suggested‌‌ Criteria‌ ‌ 2‌ ‌ Score‌ ‌ Beginning‌‌ Advanced‌‌ Weight‌ ‌ Proficient‌ ‌ Proficiency‌ ‌ Proficiency‌ ‌ There‌‌were‌‌key‌‌points‌‌ All‌‌key‌‌points‌‌were‌‌ All‌‌key‌‌points‌‌were‌‌ Content‌ ‌ ‌ missing‌‌from‌‌the‌‌ included‌‌in‌‌the‌‌ included‌‌in‌‌the‌‌ response.‌‌More‌‌ideas‌‌ response.‌‌However,‌‌ response.‌‌Also,‌‌ need‌‌to‌‌be‌‌added‌‌to‌‌it.‌‌ ‌ relevant‌‌personal‌‌ relevant‌‌personal‌‌ examples‌‌need‌‌to‌‌be‌‌ examples‌‌were‌‌added‌‌ ×‌‌3‌ ‌ added‌‌and‌‌explained‌‌ and‌‌explained‌‌ thoroughly‌‌as‌‌well.‌‌ ‌ thoroughly,‌‌thus‌‌ showing‌‌mastery‌‌of‌‌ the‌‌content.‌ ‌ The‌‌examples‌‌ The‌‌examples‌‌depicted‌‌ The‌‌examples‌‌ Demonstration‌‌ ‌ depicted‌‌in‌‌the‌‌essay‌‌ in‌‌the‌‌essay‌‌were‌‌ depicted‌‌in‌‌the‌‌essay‌‌ of‌‌relevance‌ ‌ were‌‌barely‌‌related‌‌to‌‌ somehow‌‌related‌‌to‌‌ were‌‌highly‌‌related‌‌to‌‌ ×‌‌2‌ ‌ what‌‌was‌‌required‌‌by‌‌ what‌‌was‌‌required‌‌by‌‌ what‌‌was‌‌required‌‌by‌‌ the‌‌question.‌ ‌ the‌‌question.‌ ‌ the‌‌question.‌ ‌ The‌‌ideas‌‌were‌‌ The‌‌ideas‌‌were‌‌ The‌‌ideas‌‌were‌‌ Coherence‌‌of‌‌ ‌ incoherent,‌‌and‌‌the‌‌ coherent,‌‌and‌‌the‌‌ coherent‌‌and‌‌ ideas‌ ‌ overall‌‌message‌‌was‌‌ overall‌‌message‌‌was‌‌ contributed‌‌to‌‌ ×‌‌1‌ ‌ not‌‌clear.‌ ‌ quite‌‌clear.‌ ‌ formulating‌‌a‌‌ message‌‌that‌‌feels‌‌ whole‌‌and‌‌clear.‌‌ ‌ Total‌‌Possible‌‌Score‌ ‌ 18‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ 2.3.‌S ‌ ymbolic‌I‌ nteractionism‌ ‌ 13‌ ‌  ‌ Unit‌‌2:‌‌Dominant‌‌Approaches‌‌and‌‌Ideas‌‌in‌‌the‌‌Social‌‌Sciences‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ Reflect‌‌on‌‌This‌ ‌ Based‌‌on‌‌the‌‌situation‌‌of‌‌our‌‌country‌‌today,‌‌how‌‌is‌‌symbolic‌‌interactionism‌‌relevant‌‌to‌‌you‌‌ as‌‌a‌‌student‌‌and‌‌as‌‌a‌‌Filipino?‌ ‌ _______________________________________________________________________________________________‌ _______________________________________________________________________________________________‌ _______________________________________________________________________________________________‌ _______________________________________________________________________________________________‌ _______________________________________________________________________________________________‌ _______________________________________________________________________________________________‌ _______________________________________________________________________________________________‌ _______________________________________________________________________________________________‌ _______________________________________________________________________________________________‌ _______________________________________________________________________________________________‌ ‌ ‌ Bibliography‌ ‌ Blumer,‌‌Herbert.‌S ‌ ymbolic‌‌interactionism;‌‌perspective‌‌and‌‌method‌.‌‌Englewood‌‌Cliffs,‌‌N.J.:‌‌ Prentice-Hall,‌‌1969.‌‌ ‌ ‌ Charon,‌‌J.M.‌S ‌ ymbolic‌‌interactionism.‌‌An‌‌introduction,‌‌an‌‌interpretation,‌‌an‌‌integration‌.‌‌ Englewood‌‌Cliffs,‌‌NJ:‌‌Prentice-Hall,‌‌1995.‌ ‌ ‌ Elwell,‌‌Frank.‌ ‌"V ‌ erstehen‌:‌‌The‌‌Sociology‌‌of‌‌Max‌‌Weber."‌R ‌ ogers‌‌State‌‌University.‌‌‌March‌‌28,‌‌ 2005.‌h ‌ ttps://faculty.rsu.edu/users/f/felwell/www/Theorists/Weber/Whome2.htm‌.‌ ‌ ‌ Farganis,‌‌James.‌R ‌ eadings‌‌in‌‌Social‌‌Theory:‌‌The‌‌Classic‌‌Tradition‌‌to‌‌Post-Modernism,‌ ‌ ‌ 7th‌‌ed.‌‌New‌‌York:‌‌McGraw-Hill,‌‌2014.‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ 2.3.‌S ‌ ymbolic‌I‌ nteractionism‌ ‌ 14‌ ‌  ‌ Unit‌‌2:‌‌Dominant‌‌Approaches‌‌and‌‌Ideas‌‌in‌‌the‌‌Social‌‌Sciences‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ Macionis,‌‌John‌‌J.‌S ‌ ociology,‌1 ‌ 6th‌‌ed.‌‌Harlow:‌‌Pearson‌‌Education‌‌Limited,‌‌2017.‌ ‌ ‌‌ Macionis,‌‌John‌‌J.,‌‌and‌‌Linda‌‌M.‌‌Gerber.‌S ‌ ociology,‌5 ‌ th‌‌Canadian‌‌ed.‌‌Toronto:‌‌Pearson‌ ‌ Education‌‌Canada,‌‌2003.‌‌ ‌ ‌ Ritzer,‌‌George,‌‌and‌‌Jeffrey‌‌Stepnisky.‌S ‌ ociological‌‌Theory.‌‌‌Los‌‌Angeles:‌‌SAGE,‌‌2017.‌‌ ‌ ‌ Wallace,‌‌Ruth‌‌A.‌‌and‌‌Wolf,‌‌Alison.‌‌(1991).‌‌Contemporary‌‌Sociological‌‌Theory:‌‌Continuing‌‌the‌‌ Classical‌‌Tradition.‌‌Englewood‌‌Cliffs,‌‌N.J.:‌‌Prentice‌‌Hall,‌‌1991.‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ 2.3.‌S ‌ ymbolic‌I‌ nteractionism‌ ‌ 15‌ ‌