Liver, Biliary Tract & Pancreas Disorders Pathology PDF

**Disorders of the Liver, Biliary Tract & Pancreas** **Pathophysiology** The bilirubin that arrives at the liver is toxic and unconjugated the liver enzyme glucuronyl transferase congulates it and makes it water soluble to so it can be excreted. Most is excereted in the GI tract, then urine. **Me...

**Disorders of the Liver, Biliary Tract & Pancreas** **Pathophysiology** The bilirubin that arrives at the liver is toxic and unconjugated the liver enzyme glucuronyl transferase congulates it and makes it water soluble to so it can be excreted. Most is excereted in the GI tract, then urine. **Mechanisms of hyperbilirubinemia** - - - - -  Clinical presentation of most disorders- jaundice **Jaundice** - - **Excess Bilirubin Production (Making too much and the systems get overwhelmed)** - - - - - - - - **Impaired Bilirubin Uptake (Not Common)** - - - - **Impaired Bilirubin Conjugation** - - - - - - - - - **Decreased Excretion of Conjugated Bilirubin (Obstructive)** - - - - - TABLE 38-1 Functions of the Liver and Manifestations of Altered Function  FIGURE 38-2 The portal circulation  - - - **Hepatitis** - - - - - - - **Viral Hepatitis** - - - - - - - - - - **Viral Etiologies** - - - - - - - - - **Hepatitis A** - - - - - - - - **Hepatitis A - Disease Course** - - - - - - - **Hepatitis A - Prognosis (PREMUCH IMMUNE)** - - - - - - - FIGURE 38-9 The sequence of fecal shedding of the HAV, HAV viremia, and HAV antibody (IgM and IgG anti-HAV) changes in hepatitis A **Hepatitis B (NOT A LARGE PROBLEM AS WE ARE VACCINATED)** - - - -  **Hepatitis B** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FIGURE 38-10 The sequence of HBV viral antigens, HBV DNA, and HBV antibody changes in acute resolving hepatitis B. **Hep B - Disease Course** - - - - - - - **Hepatitis C** - - - - - - - - - - - - - **Hepatitis D** - - - - - - - - **Hepatitis E** - - - - - - - **Hepatitis Disease Course** - - - - - - - - - - - - **Hepatitis Disease Course** - - - - - - - - - - - **Anicteric Subclinical Hepatitis** - - - - - **Chronic Persistent Hepatitis** - - - - - - **Chronic Active Hepatitis** - - - - - - - - **Fulminant Hepatitis** - - - - - - - - - **Alcoholic Liver Disease (Fatty liver lead to two options alcohol or metabolic) (fatty liver disease can lead to hepatitis now symptoms)** - - - - - - - - - **Alcoholic Liver Disease (DOSE DEPENDENT)** **Hepatitis** - - - - - **Cirrhosis** - - - - - **Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease\ (NAFLD)** - - - - - - **Cirrhosis (irreversible)** - - - - - - - - - **Clinical Manifestations** - - - - - - - **Pathophys of Cirrhosis from fatty liver disease** - - - - - - - - - - **Postnecrotic Cirrhosis (Viruses)** - - - - - - **Postnecrotic Cirrhosis** - - - - - **Biliary Cirrhosis** - - - - - - - - - - **Biliary Cirrhosis** - - - - - - - - - **Complications of Cirrhosis** - - - - - - - Clinical Manifestations of Cirrhosis\ Figure 27-6  FIGURE 38-14 Mechanisms of disturbed liver function related to portal hypertension **GI Bleeding** - - - - - - **Ascites from Cirrhosis** - - - - - - - **Hepatic Encephalopathy** - - - - - - - - FIGURE 38-16 Alterations in liver function and manifestations of liver failure  **Gallbladder and Biliary Tract** - - - - **Cholecystitis and Cholelithiasis** - - - - **Risk Factors for Gallstones** - - - - - - - - - - - - **Gallstone Types** - - - - - - - - - Cholelithiasis **(Biliary colic- intermetiment pain)** **Clinical Symptoms/Signs** - - - - - - **Acute Cholecystitis: S/S** - - - - - - - - - - - - **Choledocholithiasis (Stone stuck in the common bile duct- from the gallbladder)- stone can happen when gallbladder was remove because it is made in the common bile duct)** - - - - - **Cholangitis** - - - - - - - - - **Pancreas** - - - **Acute Pancreatitis** - - - - - - - **Etiologies of Pancreatitis** - - - - - - - - - - - **Pancreatitis Signs and Symptoms** - - - - - - - - - **Prognosis of Pancreatitis** - - - - **Chronic Pancreatitis** - - - - **Complications of chronic pancreatitis** - - - - - - - **Carcinoma** - - - **Etiologies for Liver and GB Cancer** - - - - - - **Pancreatic Cancer Etiologies** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **Presentation of Pancreatic CA** - - - - - -