Diseases affecting the MSK system (2).pdf

total Atdaily Briefly define the following and be aware of the effects on the musculoskeletal system and PT implica=ons with exam/i...

total Atdaily Briefly define the following and be aware of the effects on the musculoskeletal system and PT implica=ons with exam/interven=on: MSK DISEASE DEFINITION Signs and PT Symptoms IMPLICATION Ankylosing - inflammatory a- insidious onset of - avoid high impact 1 Spondylitis arthropathy of the at LB, buttock, or hip flexion axial skeleton (SI pain - control joint) - increasedpain with rest inflammation and and relieved with pain 6- HLA-B27 positive movement - decrease kyphosis - decreased lordosis o by strengthen and o- bamboo spine and increase stretching trunk kyphosis - aerobic exercises a- young men Arthrogyposis - a term used to - typically all four o - improve ROM describe a variety of limbs are involved - casting and splinting 7 conditions involving - lack of mobility - gait training multiple joint - stiffness contractures (or stiffness) - affects pelvis,, - pain (most common) - surgery to remove Chondrosarcoma scapula, and femur - feeling a lump tumor 3 (malignant) - bone cancer that - joint stiffness starts in cartilage - joint swelling cells - men (40-60s) Ewings sarcoma - can arise in long a- local bone pain after - targeted therapies 4 (malignant) bone or soft tissue - childhood and an injury - pain may be worse adolescents (10-20) during exercise or at night - flu like symptoms can be possible Giant cell tumor - found at the - bone fracture - surgery 5 (benign) epiphyses and - limited movement in - regain strength and sometimes the nearest joint mobility metaphases of long - swelling bones  Defo PTImp Multiple myeloma - forms in plasma cells - deep bone pain in - chemo 6 (WBCs) in the bone spine, chest or hips I marrow - polyuria - anemia (bone marrow) Osteoid Osteoma - tumor that causes - severe night pain - can disappear on its (benign) osteoid bone to better with NSAIDS own grow around it (cyst - swelling on x-ray) - long bones of the femur and tibia - ages 4-25 most common - not painful - can removed 8 Osteochondroma (benign) - palpable mass - osseous outgrowth - can interfere with surgically if compromised BV of bone with a movement by - they stop growing cartilaginous cap disrupting soft tissue once the skeleton - can compromise matures so no E - distal femur, proximal surrounding BV interventions humerus and proximal needed tibia Osteoblastoma - most common in - sustained pain - surgery I (benign) children and young - swelling and - post-op care adults tenderness - short or flat bones - pinched nerve Osteosarcoma - metaphysis of long - dull aching pain - surgery (malignant) bone - night pain (mistaken - amputation - occur in tibia or for growing pains) - chemo femur near knee - local swelling - bones undergoing - bone tenderness active growth Chondromalacia - overuse injury of the - pain with stairs, - taping or bracing articular cartilage kneeling, squatting - strengthening - most common in - adjunctive therapies knee Diabetes - inability to regulate - polyuria - aerobic and strength 2 serum glucose as the - polydipsia - lifestyle result of poor - fatigue modifications sensitivity (Type 2) or - delayed wound inadequate production healing (Type 1)  Def Isis PTImp Down's Syndrome most common - mild to moderate - proper positioning E inherited hypotonia - improve tone chromosomal (21st) - delayed motor - improve posture disorder development - exercise for older - mental retardation kids/ adults - risk increased with - congenital heart maternal age disease Fibromyalgia - chronic disorder that - allodynia - low to moderate Y causes pain and tenderness - hyperalgesia - sleeping disturbance aerobic exercise - modalities throughout the body - fatigue - strength training Gout - elevated serum uric - pain - correct acid that deposits in - inflammation hyperuricemia joints (mainly big toe); - bony abnormalities (lifestyle changes) crystal induced - olecranon bursitis is - during flare ups can arthritis common off orthotic to - men in their 50s - “rat bites” on X-ray protect - intermittent attacks follow by long i periods of remission Heterotopic - formation of extra - pain - pre-op PT for ROM 16 ossification skeletal bone in soft - swelling and strengthening tissue - decreased ROM - burn patients, joint replacements, amputations Myositis - general term used to - malaise - submax exercise 7 describe inflammation - fever (avoid eccentric and of the muscles via - chills intense) autoimmune or viral, - pain - steroids bacterial etc - tenderness - Raynauds “the most common - purple skin rash acquired muscle - dysphagia disease in adults over 50”  Def sls PT Imp Myositis ossificans - most common form - pain - gentle ROM 8 of heterotypic - inflammation - icing bruise ossification in large - decreased ROM muscles - deep bruise or repetitive trauma Osteochondritis - joint disorder in - joint popping or - if detected early i dessicans which segment of a locking physical therapy can bone and cartilage - joint weakness reduce the need for starts to separate - decreased ROM surgery from the rest of the - pain bone after repeated stress or trauma - knee, ankle, elbow Osteochondrosis - term used to - pain - avoid high impact 20 describe a group of - tenderness - resting disorders that affect - inability to fully - orthotics the growing skeleton straighten - modalities (decreased ROM) - repetitive trauma, vascular abnormalities, mechanical factors, and hormonal imbalances - ex: legg-calves & osgood schlatter Osteonecrosis (AKA: - infarction of bone - limited ROM - can slow down avascular necrosis) and marrow - pain in joint/ at rest progression - requires MRI - most commonly from fracture or steroid use Osteomalicia - softening of the bone - bone pain - WB exercises 7 due to vitamin D - bone fx - strengthening deficiency - abnormal gait - muscle cramps and pain  Ref pls PTImp Osteomyelitis infection of bone and - pain - drainage 3 marrow - fever with chills - antibiotics - limited ROM - ROM - children, elderly, IV - increased WBCs - strength users - intense throbbing - proprioception post over affected bone op Osteoporosis - chronic; progressive - pain associated with - DXA scan Y disease characterized fractures (lumbar - medication by loss of bone mass and thoracic) - mechanical loading - lordosis for bone (WB) -t primary: aging - kyphosis - fall prevention - can have pulmonary - posture 6 - secondary: steroids embolism if fx - increase trunk or pathology - hips, ribs, femur, extensors vertebrae most - abs and hip common fx site extensors to decrease lordosis Pagets disease - progressive disorder - bone pain and - normalize bone s of the adult skeletal skeletal deformities health excessive system - loss of appetite - low impact exercise breakdown - nerve or spinal cord - WB - enlarged bone but compression weaker - weakness É Polymyositis - inflammatory - proximal muscle - MMT are helpful in disease of muscle weakness tracking progression - diffuse - shoulder, pelvic - strengthening - can also be a sign of girdle and neck - ADs underlying GI - decreased DTR problems - problems swallowing Psoriatic arthritis O- inflammatory joint - involves DIP joints of help with managing 27 disease afflicting those hands inflammation with psoriasis - accompanied with skin disease (nails) Reiters Syndrome - arthritis caused by - pain and stiffness - stretching for ROM 28 infectionii - tenderness - strengthening - urination problems - aerobic activity - rash  Jef is PTImp Rhabdomyolysis - rapid breakdown of - muscle pain - rehydration 9 skeletal muscle tissue (myalgia) - correction of due to mechanical, - weakness electrolytes physical or chemical - hyperkalemia trauma - coca-cola É pee Rheumatoid arthritis - chronic systemic - can involve viscera - pain easing exercises autoimmune - articular and extra- - corticosteroids disorder articular s/s - gentle ROM - SYMMETRICAL joint - small joints of hands involvement and feet - morning stiffness that lasts for more than 1hr - decreased ROM Sarcoidosis - immune system - swollen lymph - breathing exercises E overreaction causing nodes granulomas to cluster - weight loss in the lungs and lymph - pain nodes - SOB (lungs) - cough (lungs) Sarcopenia - age related - weakness - WB 2 progressive loss of - progressive muscle muscle mass strengthening Schwannoma - peripheral nerve - paralysis (benign) tumor - pain - trouble swallowing or blinking - numbness and tingling Septi arthritis - infection in the joint - decreased ROM - drainage Y (synovial) fluid and - pain - antibiotics É tissue - fever - those with artificial - swelling joints (knee)  def 1st PT imp Spina bifida occulta - closure failure of - may cause bowel - direct intervention posterior vertebral and bladder and preventative care s arch dysfunction or foot weakness - does not protrude visibly but is - appears L5-S1 accompanied by a depression or dimple in the skin, a tuft of hair, or soft fatty deposite Tuberculosis - acute or chronic - fever - percussion infection cause by - fatigue - secretion clearing bacteria - weight loss - exercise - persistent cough -oit affects primarily - night sweats the lungs but also can exist in other parts of the body