Direct and Indirect Speech PDF

# Direct and Indirect Speech ## What do they do? Direct and Indirect or Reported Speech describe what people said ## What's the difference? | Direct Speech | Indirect Speech | |---|---| | repeats what was said | reports what was said | | Example: Haley said, "I'm hungry." | Example: Haley said s...

# Direct and Indirect Speech ## What do they do? Direct and Indirect or Reported Speech describe what people said ## What's the difference? | Direct Speech | Indirect Speech | |---|---| | repeats what was said | reports what was said | | Example: Haley said, "I'm hungry." | Example: Haley said she was hungry. | ## Quick Quiz Direct (D) or Indirect (I) Speech? 1. D - Aki said, “My car is parked outside.” 2. I - Donna said that Dan was having lunch. 3. D - Rosamae yelled, “I will see you later!” 4. D - “Where do you live?” Reyson asked. 5. I - He asked me if I loved him. ## Changing Direct Speech to Indirect Speech 1. Plan the pronouns 2. State the speaker 3. Time the tenses ## Change this sentence from D to I Aki said, “My car is parked outside.” ### **STEP 1: Plan the pronouns** - **Gender?** He - **Singular or plural?** Singular - **Subject, Object, or Possessive?** Possessive - his ### **STEP 2: State the speaker and/or the listener** - **Who is speaking?** Aki - **To whom are they speaking?** Not specified ### **STEP 3: Time the tenses** - **Is the reporting verb in past tense?** Yes - **What is the tense of the statement?** Present Simple ## TENSE SHIFT (move it one step back) | DIRECT SPEECH | INDIRECT SPEECH | |---|---| | **simple present** Aki said, "My car **is** parked outside." | **simple past** Aki said that his car **was** parked outside. | | **present continuous (progressive)** Aki said, "I'm **parking** my car." | **past continuous (progressive)** Aki said that he **was parking** his car. | | **past simple or present perfect** Aki said, "I **parked** my car outside." Aki said, "I **have parked** my car outside." | **past perfect** Aki said that he **had parked** his car outside. | | **present perfect continuous (progressive)** Aki said, "I **have been parking** my car." | **past perfect continuous (progressive)** Aki said that he **had been parking** his car. | | **future: be going to** Aki said, "I **am going to park** my car." | **was going to** Aki said that he **was going to park** his car. | | **past perfect** DIRECT: Aki said, "I **had parked** my car outside." INDIRECT: Aki said that he **had parked** his car outside. | | |'will' Aki said, "I **will** park my car outside." | ‘would’ Aki said that he **would** park his car outside. | |'can' Aki said, "I **can** park my car outside." | 'could' Aki said that he **could** park his car outside. | |'may' Aki said, "I **may** park my car outside." | 'might' Aki said that he **might** park his car outside. | |'shall' Aki asked, "**Shall** I park my car outside?" | 'should’ Aki asked if he **should** park his car outside. | |'must' Aki said, "I **must** park my car outside." | 'had to' Aki said that he **had to** park his car outside. | ## Quick Quiz Changing Direct Speech to Indirect Speech 1. She said, “He has been asleep for an hour.“ ANS. She said he had been asleep for an hour. 2. Allen said to Jay, “I haven’t seen her." ANS. Allen told Jay that he hadn’t seen her. 3. Rosamae yelled, "I will see you later!" ANS. Rosamae yelled that she would see us later. ## Direct Speech - Reported Speech | Direct Speech | Reported Speech | |---|---| | **Present Simple** She always wears a coat. | **Past Simple** He said (that) she always wore a coat. | | **Present continuous** I'm looking for my keys. | **Past Continuous** She said (that) she was looking for her keys. | | **Present Perfect** She has written three letters for her friend. | **Past Perfect** He said (that) she had written three letters for her friend. | | **Past Simple** My friend gave me a bar of chocolate. | **Past Perfect** He said (that) his friend had given him a bar of chocolate. | | **WILL** I will finish my report in two days. | **WOULD** He said (that) he would finish his report in two days. | | **CAN** I can speak English. | **COULD** She said (that) she could speak English. | | **MAY** I may invite them to dinner. | **MIGHT** She said (that) they might invite them to the dinner. | | **MUST** I must go to the bank and get some money. | **HAD TO** She said (that) she had to go to the bank and get some money. | | **HAVE TO** I have to submit this assignment by 3 PM tomorrow. | **HAD TO** She said (that) she had to submit this assignment by 3 PM tomorrow. |