Digestive System PDF
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Summary
This document provides information about the human digestive system, listing its different components and outlining the crucial processes each step involves. Key components, such as the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, are highlighted. It details the mechanical and chemical digestion that occurs throughout the system.
Full Transcript
  MOUTH \- first site of digestion \- mechanical digestion (through chewing) \- **saliva** for chemical digestion \- produced by the salivary glands \- water, mucus, electrolytes, enzyme \- **BOLUS** rounded mass of food and saliva \- carbohydrates...
  MOUTH \- first site of digestion \- mechanical digestion (through chewing) \- **saliva** for chemical digestion \- produced by the salivary glands \- water, mucus, electrolytes, enzyme \- **BOLUS** rounded mass of food and saliva \- carbohydrates and fats start to get digested PHARYNX \- throat \- connects the mouth, nose and larynx \- epiglottis (cartilage which prevents food from entering the trachea) ESOPHAGUS \- tube made of smooth muscles which push the food down the stomach. \- **peristalsis** involuntary rhythmic muscle movements STOMACH \- j shaped organ \- peristalsis and gastric acid turns bolus into liquid (**chyme**) \- **pepsin** (an enzyme) and stomach acid (or gastric juices) start digesting proteins \- some proteins are absorbed in the stomach SMALL INTESTINE \- a 22 foot long muscular tube \- breaks down food using enzymes released by the **pancreas** and **bile** from the liver. \- three parts: duodenum, jejunum, ileum \- **peristalsis** moves food through the small intestine and mixes it with digestive juices \- carbohydrates, proteins and fats are all digested here \- carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals are all absorbed here. \- **villi** (finger liked structures which absorb the nutrients into te bloodstream) LARGE INTESSTINE \- also called as colon \- turns undigested food waste into stool \- absorb water and electrolytes \- contains beneficial bacteria \- APPENDIX \- small finger shaped pouch \- FUNCTION: storehouse of good bacteria (theory) \- RECTUM \- chamber which holds the stool \- ANUS \- opening where stool leaves the body
