Diaphragmatic Hernia (2024-2025) PDF

 **Diaphragmatic** **Hernia** **Pediatric Surgery** **First Term ( 2024 -- 2025 )** **By / Group ( 3 )** **( 401 -- 600 )** **Under Supervision Of** **Professor Dr. Hesham Sheir** **Dr. Hend Wageh** **Introduction-** **Etiology-** **Epidemiology-** **Pathophysiology...

 **Diaphragmatic** **Hernia** **Pediatric Surgery** **First Term ( 2024 -- 2025 )** **By / Group ( 3 )** **( 401 -- 600 )** **Under Supervision Of** **Professor Dr. Hesham Sheir** **Dr. Hend Wageh** **Introduction-** **Etiology-** **Epidemiology-** **Pathophysiology-** **History and Physical-** **Evaluation-** ** Treatment / Management-** **Acquired Diaphragmatic Hernia-** **-Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia** **Differential Diagnosis-** **Prognosis-** **Complications-** **Deterrence and Patient Education-** **Enhancing Healthcare Team Outcomes-** **References-** **Diaphragmatic Hernia** - **Introduction** A diaphragmatic hernia is a protrusion of abdominal contents into the thoracic cavity due to a defect within the diaphragm. Diaphragmatic hernia is commonly a congenital phenomenon; however, acquired cases have also occurred. The reported incidence of diaphragmatic hernia is approximately 0.8 to 5 out of 10,000 live births. Acquired diaphragmatic hernias typically occur following blunt or penetrating trauma, which results in a rupture of the diaphragm, accompanied by herniation of abdominal content; however, acquired diaphragmatic hernias can also occur spontaneously or due to iatrogenic causes. Acquired diaphragmatic hernia is rare but can be life-threatening, resulting in bowel incarceration and strangulation with an overall mortality rate of up to 31%. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a developmental defect of the diaphragm that will result in the herniation of abdominal viscera into the chest cavity. Neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia usually present with respiratory distress early in the first few hours of life. The respiratory distress accompanied by the congenital diaphragmatic hernia may be mild. Occasionally, the accompanied respiratory distress is so severe and can be life-threatening. With antenatal diagnosis and improved neonatal care, survival has been remarkably improved, but a notable risk of morbidity and mortality remains in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Diaphragmatic injury is rare, complicating \