Lower Limb Muscles PDF

# Lower Limb Self-Assessment Diagrams ## Muscles of the Lower Limb ### Self-Assessment Diagrams **Lower Limb** | Muscle Name | Origin | Insertion | Nerve Supply | Action | |---|---|---|---|---| | Rectus Femoris | - anterior inferior iliac spine | Ligamentum patellae (Patellar ligament) | Femoral...

# Lower Limb Self-Assessment Diagrams ## Muscles of the Lower Limb ### Self-Assessment Diagrams **Lower Limb** | Muscle Name | Origin | Insertion | Nerve Supply | Action | |---|---|---|---|---| | Rectus Femoris | - anterior inferior iliac spine | Ligamentum patellae (Patellar ligament) | Femoral nerve | 1- extension of knee joint 2- flexion of the hip joint. 3- stabilization against lateral pull | | Vastus Intermedius | - anterior of lateral surface of femur | Ligamentum patellae (Patellar ligament) | Femoral nerve | 1- extension of knee joint 2- flexion of the hip joint. 3- stabilization against lateral pull | | Vastus Lateralis | - upper part of pectineal line. - lateral lip of linea aspera. - lateral lip of gluteal tuberosity. - root of greater trochanter | Ligamentum patellae (Patellar ligament) | Femoral nerve | 1- extension of knee joint 2- flexion of the hip joint. 3- stabilization against lateral pull | | Vastus Medialis | - medial lip of linea aspera. - medial lip of supra condyle. - spiral line. - lower part of intertrochanteric line | Ligamentum patellae (Patellar ligament) | Femoral nerve | 1- extension of knee joint 2- flexion of the hip joint. 3- stabilization against lateral pull | *** **Lower Limb** | Muscle Name | Origin | Insertion | Nerve Supply | Action | |---|---|---|---|---| | Adductor brevis | body of inferior pubic ramus | line and upper part of linea aspera | obturator nerve | 1-Adduction 2- Flexion of the thigh at hip Joint. | | Gracilis | body of inferior pubic ramus | inferior part of the ramus tibia | Adductor nerve | 1- Adduction 2- Flexion of the thigh at hip Joint. | *** **Lower Limb** | Muscle Name | Origin | Insertion | Nerve Supply | Action | |---|---|---|---|---| | Pectineus | superior upper para ramus of pictineal line. | upper part of linea aspera | Obturator nerve | Adduction and Flexion of the thigh at hip Joint. | | Adductor Longus | body of pubic tubercle | Linea aspera | Obturator nerve | Flexion and Adduction of the thigh at the hip bone | *** **Lower Limb** | Muscle Name | Origin | Insertion | Nerve Supply | Action | |---|---|---|---|---| | Gluteus Maximus | From the gluteal surface behind posterior gluteal line. - back of posterior border of the upper part of ilio-tibial tract. - posterior surface of Sacrum of coccyx | its 3/4 stdpe. Ficial abloo ke took inserted into back of posterior borter of the upper part of ilio-tibial tract. its Yy deep inserted into gluted tuberosity. | Inferior gluteal nerve. | 1- It is the Main extensor Muscle . 2- It is abductor && lateral rotator Of the Hip bone Joint during rising Position . 3- It is the Main extensor Muscle From Sitting Position. | | Gluteus Medius | From gluteal surface between gluteal line & greater trochanter | Later olique line of greater trochanter | Superior gluteal nerve | 1- Abduction of the hip Joint. 2- Medial rotation of the thigh. 3- Both Muscles prevent of the sarsing of the Hip Joint- | | Gluteus Minimus | From gluteal surface between anterior & inferior gluteal line | Alterior surface of greater trochanter. | Inferior gluteal nerve | 1- Abduction of the hip Joint. 2- Medial rotation of the thigh. 3- Both Muscles prevent of the sarsing of the Hip Joint- | | Obturator Internus | upper margin of obturator membrane | greater trochanter | Nerve to obturator internus (branch from sacral plexus) | -Lateral Rotation of the thigh. | | Piriformis | leaves the pelvis from the medial three of lanterned into the tip of the greater trochanter. | Branches From the greater sacral Plexus, | -Lateral rotation of the thigh at hip Joint. | | Quadratus Femoris | lateral Nerve Lateral quadratus to gluteal tuberosity | inserted to gluteal tuberosity | Lateral Rotation of the thigh at hip Joint. | | Superior Gemellus | upper margin of obturator membrane | upper border of obturator Internus | nerve to obturator internus | lateral Rotation of thigh at hip Joint. | | Inferior Gemellus | obturator notch, lesser sciatic notch | upper border of quadratus Semoris | Nerve to obturator internus | lateral Rotation of thigh at hip Joint. | *** **Lower Limb** | Muscle Name | Origin | Insertion | Nerve Supply | Action | |---|---|---|---|---| | Superficial Gemellus | Upper margin of the tendon of the obturator internus | upper border of the tendon of the obturator internus | nerve to obturator internus | -Lateral Rotation of the thigh. | | Obturator Internus | Lateral margin of obturator membrane | quadratus femoris | nerve to obturator internus | -lateral Rotation of the thigh. | | Inferior Gemellus | Lower border of the tendon of the obturator internus | tendon of quadratus femoris | nerve to obturator internus | -lateral Rotation of the thigh. | *** **Lower Limb** | Muscle Name | Origin | Insertion | Nerve Supply | Action | |---|---|---|---|---| | Adductor Magnus | -Adductor part - medial lip of linea aspera -> Pubic tubercle ->Ischial tuberosity ->Medial lip of gluteal tuberosity. | -Adductor part of obturator nerve ->Sciatic nerve | Adduction -> Flexion of thigh at hip -> Hamstring extension -> Medial Supracondylo of the knee Joint. | | Gluteus Maximus | From the gluteal surface behind posterior gluteal line. - back of posterior border of the upper part of ilio-tibial tract. - posterior surface of Sacrum of coccyx | its 3/4 stdpe. Ficial abloo ke took inserted into back of posterior borter of the upper part of ilio-tibial tract. its Yy deep inserted into gluted tuberosity. | Inferior gluteal nerve. | 1- It is the Main extensor Muscle . 2- It is abductor && lateral rotator Of the Hip bone Joint during rising Position . 3- It is the Main extensor Muscle From Sitting Position. | | Gluteus Medius | FROM gluteal surface between gluteal line & greater trochanter | Later olique line of greater trochanter | Superior gluteal nerve | 1- Abduction of the hip Joint. 2- Medial rotation of the thigh. 3- Both Muscles prevent of the sarsing of the Hip Joint- | | Gluteus Minimus | Frow gluteal surface between anterior & inferior gluteal line | Alterior surface of greater trochanter. | Inferior gluteal nerve | 1- Abduction of the hip Joint. 2- Medial rotation of the thigh. 3- Both Muscles prevent of the sarsing of the Hip Joint- | | Piriformis | leaves the pelvis from the medial three of lanterned into the tip of the greater trochanter. | Branches From the greater sacral Plexus, | -Lateral rotation of the thigh at hip Joint. | | Quadratus Femoris | lateral Nerve Lateral quadratus to gluteal tuberosity | inserted to gluteal tuberosity | Lateral Rotation of the thigh at hip Joint. | | Superior Gemellus | upper margin of obturator membrane | upper border of obturator Internus | nerve to obturator internus | lateral Rotation of thigh at hip Joint. | | Inferior Gemellus | obturator notch, lesser sciatic notch | upper border of quadratus Semoris | nerve to obturator internus | lateral Rotation of thigh at hip Joint. | *** **Lower Limb** | Muscle Name | Origin | Insertion | Nerve Supply | Action | |---|---|---|---|---| | Psoas Major | -sides of bodies of last thoracic, all lastbarhoracis their intervertebral discs in between. 3. All lumbar transverse Processes. 4. From Ten din eous arches (which bridge between them) | Psoas Major Together with Iliacus Form The iliop soas Tendon which is inserted into The lesser trochanter of femur | lumbar nevers (L1, 2,3) in abdomen | lateral Flexion of vertebral Column | | Iliacus | - The iliac Possa - The iliac Crest - The adjoining part of the ala of Sacrum | into the lesser trochanter of femur | femoral nerve in the abdomen (11.2) | Powerful flexion of the hip joint and passive medial rotation of the thigh upon the Pelvics | | Sartorius (tailor) | anterior superior iliac spine, upper, Medial part of tibie | Femoral nerve | Flexion, Abduction, Rotation of the thigh | | Gluteus Maximus | From the gluteal surface behind posterior gluteal line. - back of posterior border of the upper part of ilio-tibial tract. - posterior surface of Sacrum of coccyx | its 3/4 stdpe. Ficial abloo ke took inserted into back of posterior borter of the upper part of ilio-tibial tract. its Yy deep inserted into gluted tuberosity. | Inferior gluteal nerve. | 1- It is the Main extensor Muscle . 2- It is abductor && lateral rotator Of the Hip bone Joint during rising Position . 3- It is the Main extensor Muscle From Sitting Position. | | Gluteus Medius | FROM gluteal surface between gluteal line & greater trochanter | Later olique line of greater trochanter | Superior gluteal nerve | 1- Abduction of the hip Joint. 2- Medial rotation of the thigh. 3- Both Muscles prevent of the sarsing of the Hip Joint- | | Gluteus Minimus | Frow gluteal surface between anterior & inferior gluteal line | Alterior surface of greater trochanter. | Inferior gluteal nerve | 1- Abduction of the hip Joint. 2- Medial rotation of the thigh. 3- Both Muscles prevent of the sarsing of the Hip Joint- | | Piriformis | leaves the pelvis from the medial three of lanterned into the tip of the greater trochanter. | Branches From the greater sacral Plexus, | -Lateral rotation of the thigh at hip Joint. | | Quadratus Femoris | lateral Nerve Lateral quadratus to gluteal tuberosity | inserted to gluteal tuberosity | Lateral Rotation of the thigh at hip Joint. | | Superior Gemellus | upper margin of obturator membrane | upper border of obturator Internus | nerve to obturator internus | lateral Rotation of thigh at hip Joint. | | Inferior Gemellus | obturator notch, lesser sciatic notch | upper border of quadratus Semoris | nerve to obturator internus | lateral Rotation of thigh at hip Joint. | *** **Lower Limb** | Muscle Name | Origin | Insertion | Nerve Supply | Action | |---|---|---|---|---| | Semitendinosus | Lower medial area of upper quadrant ischial tubrisity | uppermeestd of last tibia | tibial part of Sciatic nerve (S.N | extension of knee joint (rotation of the tibia) 2- flexion of hip joint | | Semimembranosus | Upperlaters groovein the ischial tubrisity | groove inbaoR the tibia. | medbehandle - tibial part 08 S.N | -extension of the knee joint (rotation of the tibia) -flexion of hip joint | | Biceps Femoris (Long head) | Lower meelial area of uperquadranguler ofiscial Fubristy. | Common tendin in kead or fibula | tibial Port 08 S.N | -flexion of the knee joint (rotation of the tibia) 2- extension of hip joint | | Biceps Femoris (Short head) | lateler lipofίίνου asperacind kpPe Part of lateral Supraconelulyer Line | Common Perna in kead or fibula | Common Perna (S.N | -flexion of the knee joint (rotation of the tibia) 2- extension of hip joint | *** **Lower Limb** | Muscle Name | Origin | Insertion | Nerve Supply | Action | |---|---|---|---|---| | Tibialis Anterior | apper osanterior -medial Surface 08 Sbula | Dorsumos bage anterior os tarmind pheng tibia there | anterior tibia nerve | Dorsflixion. os suot -inversion -s-ppor mad longitidual osetch -extension of alljoint | | Extensor Hallucis Longus | middle of anterior Suróce 08 Sibula | Dorsum of base of terminal Phalun big toe | Deep Peroneal Nerve | Dorsflexion. -extension of alljoint. hallmeis | | Extensor Digitorum Longus | Upper 2, 3 & 4 extersor expension anterio Suróce 08 Sibula | base os 4 laterd Phalaye. | Deep Peroneal nerve | Dorsolicticto of soot 2 Colletatal laturd | | Peron eus Tertius | Lower + anterion Surducers sibyla | Dorsal base os ufhalingus | Deep Peroneal nerve | -Dor Slixion of soot -extension of all joint -support later longutile o garet | | Fibularis Longus | upper flutaral Shad os sibuk. Posterioravelarterin intra-meisenfor septum | buse of 1th metatarsal bore | SuperSensin Pirene. L nerve | Platter Slaxion of soot exertion support lateral treavers arch | | Fibularis Brevis | Lower lateral last of Sibula | Inberosty on the base ofthe 5th metaro bone | Deep Peroneal nerve | Phunter-Slexion of soot exertion Suppofluteri long tidural Barch | *** **Lower Limb** | Muscle Name | Origin | Insertion | Nerve Supply | Action | |---|---|---|---|---| | Iliacus | 1. sides of bodies of last thoracic, all lastbarhoracis their intervertebral discs in between. 3. All lumbar transverse Processes. | Psoas Major Together with Iliacus Form The iliop soas Tendon which is inserted into The lesser trochanter of femur | lumbar nevers (L1, 2,3) in abdomen | lateral Flexion of vertebral Column | | | 4. From Ten din eous arches (which bridge between them)| | | | | Iliacus | 1. The iliac Possa 2. The iliac Crest 3. The adjoining part of the ala of Sacrum | into the lesser trochanter of femur | femoral nerve in the abdomen (11.2) | Powerful flexion of the hip joint and passive medial rotation of the thigh upon the Pelvics | | Sartorius (tailor) | anterior superior iliac spine, upper, Medial part of tibie | Femoral nerve | Flexion, Abduction, Rotation of the thigh | ## Nervous System ### Self-Assessment Diagrams **Nervous System** - Dura mater: Very tough and lines in close contact with skull bones and vertebral column (outermost layer) - Arachnoid mater: provided with fibrous septa (middle layer) - Pia mater: Covers CNS, The thinnest and most vascular layer of all coverings (Internal layer) ### Self-Assessment Diagrams **Nervous System** - **Cranial nerves:** 12 pairs arising from brain. - **Spinal nerves:** 31 Pairs arising from spinal cord. ### Self-Assessment Diagrams **Nervous System** | Spinal cord Region | Spinal nerves | |---|---| | 1-8 | cervical nerves | | 9-20 | Thoracic nerves | | 21-25 | Lumbar nerves | | 26-30 | Sacral nerves | | 31 | Coccygeal nerves | ### Self-Assessment Diagrams **Nervous System** | Cranial nerves | Function | |---|---| | Optic Nerve | Vision | | Occulomotor Nerve | supply all muesles to move eye except 2 muscles | | Abducent Nerve | supply one muscle of eye | | Throchlear Nerve | supply one muscle of eye | ### Self-Assessment Diagrams **Nervous System** | Cranial nerves | Function | |---|---| | Olfactory Nerve | Smell | | Optic Nerve | Vision | | Vestibulocochlear Nerve | Hearing & Equilibrium | ### Self-Assessment Diagrams **Nervous System** | Cranial nerves | Function | |---|---| | Facial Nerve | Motor muscles to 2 Salivary glands | | Trigeminal Nerve | Sensory to face, Motor to muscles of mastication | ### Self-Assessment Diagrams **Nervous System** - From cranium through cranial nerves: - oculomotor (3) - Facial (7) - Vagus (10) - sacral (2), (3), (4) - 28 (glossopharyngeal (9) ## The Muscular System ### Self-Assessment Diagrams **The Muscular System** | Type | Description | Example | |---|---|---| | Prime Movers | The main muscles responsible for initiation and maintenance of particular movements. | Biceps brachii (flexing elbow joint) | | Antagonists | Opposit of Prime Movers. | Triceps brachii (extending elbow joint) | | Fixators | they fix the origin of bone to facilitate their movements. | Rotator cuff muscles (stabilizing shoulder joint) | | Synergists (Helpers) | They eliminate the unwanted movements. | Brachialis (assisting biceps brachii in flexing elbow joint) | ### Self-Assessment Diagrams **The Muscular System** - **Motor Nerve:** Branch from anterior horn cell of spinal cord enter the muscle at the motored plats - **Sensory Nerve:** from the muscle rescepor (muscle spindle) - **Sympathetic:** Fiberts tablend Vesseles ## Skeletal System ### Self-Assessment Diagrams **Skeletal System** - **Intervertebral Discs:** - **Nudeus Pulposus:** An inner soft, pulpy, highly elastic substance - **Annulus Fibrosus:** An outer fibrous ring consisting of fibrocartilage - **Functions of Intervertebral Discs:** - Form vertebral disc - Strong joint - Perform various movements of vertebral column - Absorb vertebral shock - Flatten and broaden to manage compression ### Self-Assessment Diagrams **Skeletal System** - **Aging changes of intervertebral disc:** - The nucleus pulposus hardens and become less elastic - Narrowing of disc and compression of vertebrae result in a decrease in height with age. ### Self-Assessment Diagrams **Skeletal System** - **Types of cartilage:** - **Hyaline cartilage** - Location: Nose, fetas skeleton, anterior ends of ribs, symphysis pubis, epiglottis. - Function: Provides support, fusion, allows gliding, enables elasticity; maintains shape and allows movement. - Adaptation: Has some plasticity, flexible, and allows gliding. - **Elastic cartilage:** - Location: External ear, epiglottis. - Function: Provides strength, provides elasticity, allows for flexibility and maintains shape. - Adaptation: More flexible than hyaline cartilage due to the presence of elastic fibers. - **Fibro cartilage:** - Location: Intervertebral discs, menisci of knee, attachments of some tendons and ligaments. - Function: Provides strength, allows bending, rigidity, and shock absorption. - Adaptation: Has matrix with thin collagen fibers among thick bundles of white fibrous collagen. ### Self-Assessment Diagrams **Skeletal System** - **Types of Joints:** - **Fibrous Joints:** Connective tissue fibers bind bones together. - **Sutures:** Found only in the skull between the bones of the skull. - Motion: Slightly movable - **Syndesmosis:** Bones joined together by ligaments. - Motion: Slightly movable - **Gomphosis:** Found between teeth and their sockets in the jaws. - Motion: Immovable - **Cartilaginous Joints:** Bones are connected by cartilage - **Primary (Synchondrosis):** Bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. - Motion: Immovable - **Secondary (Symphysis):** Bones are connected by fibrocartilage. - Motion: Slightly movable ### Self-Assessment Diagrams **Skeletal System** - **Types of Bones:** - **Long Bones:** Longer than they are wide. - Examples: Femur, humerus, ulna, radius. - **Short Bones:** Cube-shaped - Examples: Tarsals, carpals. - **Flat Bones:** Thin, flattened, and curved. - Examples: Sternum, ribs, scapulae, cranial bones. - **Irregular Bones:** Complex shapes. - Examples: Vertebrae. - **Sesamoid Bones:** Found embedded in tendons. They form where tendons cross joints. - Examples: Patella, small bones in the hands and feet. ### Self-Assessment Diagrams **Skeletal System** - **Structures of a Synovial Joint:** - **Articular cartilage:** Thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the articular surfaces of bones. - Function: Reduces friction, prevents wear and tear, helps distribute weight. - **Joint capsule:** Fibrous sac that encloses the synovial joint. - Function: Provides support, holds joint together. - **Synovial membrane:** Inner lining of the joint capsule. - Function: Produces synovial fluid. - **Synovial fluid:** Viscous fluid that lubricates the joint. - Function: Reduces friction, provides nutrients to the cartilage, removes waste products. - **Accessory structures:** Other structures such as ligaments, tendons, bursae, and menisci. - Function: Provide support, limit movements, reduce friction. ### Self-Assessment Diagrams **Skeletal System** - **Types of Synovial Joints:** - **Plane (gliding) Joint:** Articulating surfaces are flat or slightly curved. - Motion: Gliding movement. - Examples: Intercarpals, intertarsals. - **Hinge Joint:** Articulating surfaces are convex and concave. - Motion: Flexion and extension. - Examples: Elbow joint, knee joint, ankle joint. - **Pivot Joint:** One bone rotates around another bone. - Motion: Rotation. - Examples: Proximal radioulnar joint, atlantoaxial joint. - **Condyloid Joint:** Oval-shaped condyle articulates with an ellipsoidal articular surface. - Motion: Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction. - Examples: Wrist joint, metacarpophalangeal joints. - **Saddle Joint:** Each articular surface is saddle-shaped, one concave and one convex. - Motion: Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction. - Examples: First carpometacarpal joint. - **Ball and Socket Joint:** Rounded head of one fits into a cup-shaped depression. - Motion: Flexion , extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction. - Examples: Shoulder joint, hip joint. ## The Lymphatic System ### Self-Assessment Diagrams **The Lymphatic System** - **Afferent lymphatic vessels:** opens into the periphery of lymph nodes at convex borders and carry lymph to them. - **Efferent lymphatic vessels:** carry lymph from lymph nodes. ### Self-Assessment Diagrams **The Lymphatic System** - **Characteristics of Lymph vessels:** - begin blindly in tissue spaces. - Walls contain wide pores which allow passage of fat and mucus - Have many valves that make flow of lymph in one direction. - They are absent in brain and spinal Cord (CNS), bone marrow and other avascular structures like:- Cartilage, cornea and hair. ### Self-Assessment Diagrams **The Lymphatic System** - **Factors which help flow and movement of lymph:** - action of smooth muscles in walls of lymphatic - contraction of nearby muscles - squeezing effect of adjacent arteries - large number of valves - Negative intrathoracic pressure ## Bones of the Lower Limb ### Self-Assessment Diagrams **Bones of the Lower Limb** **Hip Bone** - **A. Medial Surface:** - Iliac crest - Iliac fossa - Arcuate line - Pectin pubis - Superior pubic ramus - Pubic tubercle - Obturator groove - Iliac tuberosity - Auricular surface - Greater sciatic notch - Obturator foramen - Ischium ramus - Inferior pubic ramus - Synovial surface - **B. Lateral Surface:** - Gluteal lines: - Anterior - Inferior - Posterior - Posterior superior - Posterior inferior - Greater sciatic notch - Ischium spine - Body of ischium - Ischial tuberosity - Iliac tuberosity - Anterior superior iliac spine - Junate surface - Acetabulum - Acetabulum notch ### Self-Assessment Diagrams **Bones of the Lower Limb** **Femur** - **A. Anterior View:** - Neck of femur - Greater trochanter - Shaft - Patellar Surface - Lateral epicondyle - Lateral condyle - Head of femur - Lesser trochanter - Intertrochanteric line - Lesser trochanter - Adductor tubercle - Medial epicondyle - Medial condyle - **A. Posterior View:** - Fovea of femur - Greater trochanter - Head of femur - Lesser trochanter - Linea aspera - Lateral lips of linea aspera - Medial supracondylar line - Adductor tubercle - Medial epicondyle - Medial condyle - Intertrochanteric crest - Gluteal tuberosity - Trochanteric fossa - Lateral supracondylar line - Popliteal surface - Lateral condyle - Intercondylar fossa - Popliteal fossa ### Self-Assessment Diagrams **Bones of the Lower Limb** **Tibia and Fibula** - **A. Anterior View:** - Lateral condyle - Head of Fibula - Medial condyle - Tibial tuberosity - Interosseous membrane - Fibula - Lateral malleolus - Inferior articular surface - Lateral surface - Medial malleolus - Anterior margin of the tibia - Shaft - **B. Posterior View:** - Medial condyle - Intercondylar eminence - Lateral condyle - Superior lateral articular surface - Head of fibula - Interosseous membrane - Tibia - Fibula - Medial malleolus - Fibular notch - Lateral malleolus - Inferior tibiofibular joint ## The Foot ### Self-Assessment Diagrams **The Foot** - **The Ankle (Tarsus):** - Calcaneous - Talus - Navicular - Cuboid - Cuneiform bones - **The bones of the ankle and foot:** - Tarsometatarsal joint - Phalanges - Hallux - Trochlea - Head of phalanx of big toe - Distal phalanx of big toe ## Identify the Labeled Muscles **Lower Limb** | Muscle Name | Origin | Insertion | Nerve Supply | Action | |---|---|---|---|---| | Psoas Major | Lumbar Vertebral column (L1, 2, 3); intervertebral discs between them; transverse processes; tendonous arches that bridge over them | Lesser trochanter of femur | Lumbar nerves L1-L3 | Flexion of vertebral column | | | their intervertebral discs in between. 3. All lumbar transverse Processes. 4. From Ten din eous arches (which bridge between them) | | | | | Iliacus | - The iliac Possa - The iliac Crest - The adjoining part of the ala of Sacrum | into the lesser trochanter of femur | femoral nerve L2-L3 | Powerful flexion of the hip joint and passive medial rotation of the thigh upon the Pelvics | | | | | | | | Sartorius (tailor) | anterior superior iliac spine, upper, Medial part of tibie | Femoral nerve | Flexion, Abduction, Rotation of the thigh | | Iliacus | | | | | | Adductor Magnus | -Adductor part - medial lip of linea aspera -> Pubic tubercle ->Ischial tuberosity ->Medial lip of gluteal tuberosity. | -Adductor part of obturator nerve ->Sciatic nerve | Adduction -> Flexion of thigh at hip -> Hamstring extension -> Medial Supracondylo of the knee Joint. | | | | | | | | Gluteus Maximus | From the gluteal surface behind posterior gluteal line. - back of posterior border of the upper part of ilio-tibial tract. - posterior surface of Sacrum of coccyx | its 3/4 stdpe. Ficial abloo ke took inserted into back of posterior borter of the upper part of ilio-tibial tract. its Yy deep inserted into gluted tuberosity. | Inferior gluteal nerve. | 1- It is the Main extensor Muscle . 2- It is abductor && lateral rotator Of the Hip bone Joint during rising Position . 3- It is the Main extensor Muscle From Sitting Position. | | | | | | | | Gluteus Medius | FROM gluteal surface between gluteal line & greater trochanter | Later olique line of greater trochanter | Superior gluteal nerve | 1- Abduction of the hip Joint. 2- Medial rotation of the thigh. 3- Both Muscles prevent of the sarsing of the Hip Joint- | | | | | | | | Gluteus Minimus | Frow gluteal surface between anterior & inferior gluteal line | Alterior surface of greater trochanter. | Inferior gluteal nerve | 1- Abduction of the hip Joint. 2- Medial rotation of the thigh. 3- Both Muscles prevent of the sarsing of the Hip Joint- | | Piriformis | leaves the pelvis from the medial three of lanterned into the tip of the greater trochanter. | Branches From the greater sacral Plexus, | -Lateral rotation of the thigh at hip Joint. | | Quadratus Femoris | lateral Nerve Lateral quadratus to gluteal tuberosity | inserted to gluteal tuberosity | Lateral Rotation of the thigh at hip Joint. | | Superior Gemellus | upper margin of obturator membrane | upper border of obturator Internus | nerve to obturator internus | lateral Rotation of thigh at hip Joint. | | Inferior Gemellus | obturator notch, lesser sciatic notch | upper border of quadratus Semoris | nerve to obturator internus | lateral Rotation of thigh at hip Joint. | *** **Lower Limb** | Muscle Name | Origin | Insertion | Nerve Supply | Action | |---|---|---|---|---| | Semitendinosus | Lower medial area of upper quadrant ischial tubrisity | uppermeestd of last tibia | tibial part of Sciatic nerve (S.N | extension of knee joint (rotation of the tibia) 2- flexion of hip joint | | Semimembranosus | Upperlaters groovein the ischial tubrisity | groove inbaoR the tibia. | medbehandle - tibial part 08 S.N | -extension of the knee joint (rotation of the tibia) -flexion of hip joint | | Biceps Femoris (Long head) | Lower meelial area of uperquadranguler ofiscial Fubristy. | Common tendin in kead or fibula | tibial Port 08 S.N | -flexion of the knee joint (rotation of the tibia) 2- extension of hip joint | | Biceps Femoris (Short head) | lateler lipofίίνου asperacind kpPe Part of lateral Supraconelulyer Line | Common Perna in kead or fibula | Common Perna (S.N | -flexion of the knee joint (rotation of the tibia) 2- extension of hip joint | *** **Lower Limb** | Muscle Name | Origin | Insertion | Nerve Supply | Action | |---|---|---|---|---| | Tibialis Anterior | apper osanterior -medial Surface 08 Sbula | Dorsumos bage anterior os tarmind pheng tibia there | anterior tibia nerve | Dorsflixion. os suot -inversion -s-ppor mad longitidual osetch -extension of alljoint | | Extensor Hallucis Longus | middle of anterior Suróce 08 Sibula | Dorsum of base of terminal Phalun big toe | Deep Peroneal Nerve | Dorsflexion. -extension of alljoint. hallmeis | | Extensor Digitorum Longus | Upper 2, 3 & 4 extersor expension anterio Suróce 08 Sibula | base os 4 laterd Phalaye. | Deep Peroneal nerve | Dorsolicticto of soot 2 Colletatal laturd | | Peron eus Tertius | Lower + anterion Surducers sibyla | Dorsal base os ufhalingus | Deep Peroneal nerve | -Dor Slixion of soot -extension of all joint -support later longutile o garet | | Fibularis Longus | upper flutaral Shad os sibuk. Posterioravelarterin intra-meisenfor septum | buse of 1th metatarsal bore | SuperSensin Pirene. L nerve | Platter Slaxion of soot exertion support lateral treavers arch | | Fibularis Brevis | Lower lateral last of Sibula | Inberosty on the base ofthe 5th metaro bone | Deep Peroneal nerve | Phunter-Slexion of soot exertion Suppofluteri long tidural Barch | ## Sciatic Nerve ## Self-Assessment Diagrams **Sciatic Nerve** - **Root value:** L4, L5, S1, S2, S3 - **Muscular branches:** - Long head of biceps femoris - Semitendinosus - Semimembranosus - Short head of biceps femoris - Adductor magnus - **Cutaneous branches:** - Sural nerve: back of the knee, lower leg, and foot, medial side. -