Development Summary PDF

Development Objectives: 1. Discuss the normal developmental milestones 2. Describe age-related developmental changes in children and explain why they are important. A. Infant: Disappearance of primitive reflexes; changes in tone and po...

Development Objectives: 1. Discuss the normal developmental milestones 2. Describe age-related developmental changes in children and explain why they are important. A. Infant: Disappearance of primitive reflexes; changes in tone and posture; cephalocaudal progression of motor milestones during the first year; stranger anxiety. B. Toddler/child: Separation and autonomy in two to three-year olds sequence of language development; concept of school readiness. C. Adolescent: Sequence of physical maturation and sexual maturity rating stage (Tanner Stages of psychosocial and emotional development). 3. Explain the importance of monitoring the development of a child. Done by Maha Albarrak & Norah Almedemegh ! Blue: Main Category ! Orange: Subcategory. ! Black: Original slides content. ! Red: Important information. ! Green: Doctor notes.  Development Developmental Milestones - Development: is a continuous process by which one acquires learned skills (acquired by passive or active learning). - The main reason of delayed milestone development is Lack of exposure. - IfGross one ofmotor delay or Psychosocial the developmental delay when assessment delayed there such as is a delay the gross motor,only 1 ofitthe we call domains. gross motor delay. - IfGlobal developmental there are delay multiple delays, when we call theredevelopmental it global is a delay in 2delay or more and indomains. that case could be pathological. - Development & behavioral problems are 2nd most common in pediatrics (after infections) - Approximately 15% to 18% of children in united states have development or behavioral problems - Development surveillance at every office visit. Developmental assessment: - Gross motor years - Fine motor -adaptive - Psychosocial - Language Rules for developmental assessment - Developmental assessment is performed up to 6 years of age - Development follows an orderly progress in Cephalon-caudal direction (head control, sitting then standing, etc) - Development of a particular skill require loss of primitive reflexes - Premature infants, correction for chronological age in the first 2-3 years of life Health and Developmental Concerns of screen/media use - Obesity - Sleep disturbance - Child development (cognitive, language, and social/emotional delays ) - Exposure to inaccurate, inappropriate, or unsafe content & contacts; and compromised privacy and confidentiality. Screen Time AAP Recommendation - Limit the amount of total entertainment screen time to less than 1 to 2 hours per day - Discourage screen media exposure for children less than 2 years of age - Keep the TV set and Internetconnected electronic devices out of the child’s bedroom. - Monitor what media their children are using and accessing - Coview TV, movies, and videos with children and teenagers, and use this as a way of discussing important family values. - Model active parenting by establishing a family home use plan for all media. - Establish reasonable but firm rules about cell phones, texting, Internet, and social media use.  Primitive reflexes Primitive reflexes - Primitive reflexes appear and disappear at specific times during development - Absence or persistence beyond those times signifies CNS dysfunction 5 Ratios  Sexual maturation Tanner stage - Once the onset of puberty has begun, the resulting sequence of somatic and physiologic changes gives rise to the sexual maturity rating (SMR), or Tanner stages. Pubertal changes in females ! : - Breast growth ( thelarche ) “1st sign” - Pubic hair growth (adrenarche , pubarche) - Height spurt (average at 11.5 Y) - Menarche *Normal range of sexual maturation for female is 8-13Y Pubertal changes in Males " : - Testicular enlargement - Pubic hair growth - Penile growth - Growth spurt (average at 13.5 Y) * Normal range of sexual maturation for males 9-14Y. Age Gross Motor Fine Motor Personal Language Social 2 weeks moves head side ---- regards face (Infant alerts to bell to side looks at or focuses on the face of person *In supine position holding or otherwise interacting with.) 2 months lift shoulders tracks past smiles search with while prone midline to 180 responsively sounds with the Degree eyes 4 months head control , sets reaches for looks at hands laughs with support objects 6 months sits alone (sits for transfer object feeds self by babbles short periods like 6 hand to hand holding bottle sec) , roll over , crawls 9 months pull to stand , immature pincer waves bye-bye , says Dada and more stable gets into sitting grasp , bangs plays peek-a-boo Mama but position , walk two blocks , Separation nonspecific holding furniture together anxiety ⭐ 12 months walks mature pincer drinks from a says Mama and grasp , puts cup Dada specific block in cup 18 months Runs , Kicks a scribbles , stacks removes says at least 6 ball 4 blocks garment , uses words spoon 2 years (24m) walks up and copies line handles spoon puts 2 words down stairs well , help to together ( 50-100 undresscan words ) to training startsnet 3 years (36m) goes upstairs copies circle helps in dressing 3 words with alternating , washing hands sentences , feet , rides speech tricycle understandable to strangers 4 years (48m) hops on one foot copies cross and goes to toilet tells a story Hops in same square alone place 5 years (60m) Skips (alternating copies triangle dresses and names 4 colors , feet ) undresses knows birthday Age Ranges for Abnormalities : Less than 7 months ( 2 month + or – ) 7 months to 2y ( 3 month + or - ) More than 2 y ( 6 month + or - ) For example, the baby Can acquire a certain ( millstone ) less than the age by 6 mon h B If he didn ac i e i af e 6 mon h of he mill one age i abno mal - After age of 1, most of the development milestones will be fine motor and language -Regarding separation anxiety, it continues to 1yr and half & By the age of 3 he can sit alone without separation anxiety. Done By Maha Albarrak & Norah Almedemegh