Egyptian Mythology PDF

Egyptian Mythology a) Identify significant facts about the Myths of Egypt b) Recognize major deities of the Egyptian myths c) Analyze and conclude the Egyptian myths by PAMELA OSTONAL preencoded.png Introduction preencod...

Egyptian Mythology a) Identify significant facts about the Myths of Egypt b) Recognize major deities of the Egyptian myths c) Analyze and conclude the Egyptian myths by PAMELA OSTONAL preencoded.png Introduction preencoded.png Characteristics of Egyptian Mythology Ancient Egypt's gods and goddesses looked at least partly like humans and behaved a bit like us, too. Some deities had animal features, like heads, on top of humanoid bodies. Different cities and different pharaohs favored one set of gods over another. Every temple was dedicated to a god or goddess and he or she was worshipped there by the temple priests and the pharaoh preencoded.png Characteristics of Egyptian Mythology Egyptian mythology communicates that Gods control the forces of nature, they have authority over life and death, and they are identified with certain animals. The Egyptian religion is highly polytheistic, they believe in many gods and goddesses. They believe in over 2000 gods living in nature. The Egyptian narrative also highlights their belief in the afterlife. They have a process for mummifying the dead because they believe that their bodies need to be preserved to be recognized by wandering spirits preencoded.png preencoded.png preencoded.png Gods and Goddesses Ra/Ptah He is the king of the deities and the father of all creation, the patron of the sun, heaven, kingship, power, and light. He is not only the deity who governed the actions of the sun, he could also be the physical sun itself, as well as the day. He is usually represented with a human body and the head of a hawk, wearing a sun disk on his head. Anubis Anubis is the god of embalming, mummification, and thus the process of death — he prepares bodies for burial, helps guide souls, and weighs their hearts so that they can reach Osiris. Osiris He is often associated with the afterlife and the concept of resurrection. He was believed to be the god of death, as well as the god of fertility and agriculture. preencoded.png Gods and Goddesses Isis She is idealized as the ideal mother, wife, mother of nature and magic. In turn, she was the patron saint of enslaved people, sinners, artisans, and the oppressed, but she also listened to the prayers of aristocrats and leaders. She is also known as the protector of the dead and the goddess of children. Horus He is often associated with the sun, sky, and kingship. He is believed to be the god of goodness and light and was associated with protection and healing. Seth He, also known as Set, was worshiped as the god of disorder, chaos, and storms and was often depicted as a fearsome creature with the head of an unknown animal. preencoded.png Gods and Goddesses Hathor Hathor was associated with music, dance, and celebrations as a goddess of love, fertility, and joy. She was believed to have the power to bring happiness and prosperity to people’s lives and was often invoked in rituals and ceremonies for fertility, childbirth, and protection. Thot Thoth was a god of wisdom and science in ancient Egyptian mythology. Thoth was associated with knowledge, learning, and writing as a god of wisdom. He was believed to have invented hieroglyphs, the system of writing used by the ancient Egyptians, and was often honored with festivals and ceremonies dedicated to learning and scholarship. Bastet She is considered the goddess of protection and also associated with the sun and was often depicted holding a solar disk or a sistrum, a musical instrument used in religious ceremonies. preencoded.png Gods and Goddesses Khnum Khnum was a god of potters and craftsmen in ancient Egyptian mythology. He was believed to have the power to shape and mold clay and was often invoked by artisans seeking inspiration and skill in their craft. Montu Montu was a god of war. In addition to falcons, a bull was his sacred animal; from the 30th dynasty (380–343 BC), this bull, the Buchis bull, received an elaborate cult. Mut Nut, in Egyptian religion, is a goddess of the sky, the vault of the heavens, often depicted as a woman arched over the earth god Geb. As the goddess of the sky, Nut swallowed the sun in the evening and gave birth to it again in the morning. preencoded.png Gods and Goddesses Amun He was the god of the air and the wind and was often depicted as a man with a tall, plumed headdress or ram-headed figure. Amun was closely associated with the pharaohs, who considered themselves his living embodiment on Earth. They built many temples and shrines dedicated to him, including the famous temple complex at Karnak. Aton Aton was a sun god worshiped in ancient Egypt during the reign of Pharaoh Akhenaten in the 18th Dynasty. He was depicted as a sun disk with rays ending in hands, representing his life-giving power. Bes He was a god of entertainment, dance, and music and was often depicted as a short, plump, and bearded figure with a lion’s mane and tail. preencoded.png Gods and Goddesses Khonsu Khonsu was a god of the lunar or moon in ancient Egyptian mythology. He was often depicted as a falcon-headed man wearing a lunar disk and crescent on his head. Sobek Sobek was a god of the Nile River and crocodiles. He was often depicted as a man with the head of a crocodile or a full crocodile, wearing a crown of feathers and holding a scepter and an ankh. As a god of the Nile River, Sobek was associated with the annual flooding that brought water and fertility to the land. Amunet Amunet was a goddess in ancient Egyptian mythology, and her name means “the hidden one.” She was often depicted as a woman wearing a crown of tall feathers or sometimes with the head of a snake. preencoded.png Gods and Goddesses Anuket Anuket was a goddess in ancient Egyptian mythology, and her name means “embracer.” She was often depicted as a woman wearing a tall feathered headdress, holding a wand, and sometimes with the head of a gazelle. Hatmehit Hatmehit was a goddess in ancient Egyptian mythology, and her name means “foremost of the fish.” She was often depicted as a woman with the head of a fish or a fish on her head, holding a scepter or ankh, a symbol of life. Heket Heket was a goddess in ancient Egyptian mythology, and her name means “the one who is powerful.” She was often depicted as a woman with the head of a frog or sometimes as a fully-formed frog. She was also associated with childbirth and fertility and was sometimes depicted with a pregnant belly. Gods and Goddesses Maat Maat was a goddess in ancient Egyptian mythology, representing truth, balance, and justice. Her name means “that which is straight,” She was often depicted with a feather on her head, representing her role in maintaining balance and order in the universe. Mafdet Mafdet was believed to be a fierce protector who would hunt down and kill snakes and scorpions that threatened the royal family. She was also associated with justice and was often invoked in legal disputes to ensure the guilty party was punished. Nephthys Nephthys was a goddess in ancient Egyptian mythology, and she was the sister of Isis and Osiris. Her name means “lady of the mansion,” She was often depicted as a woman with falcon wings and a headdress of horns and ostrich feathers. Gods and Goddesses Seshat Seshat was a goddess in ancient Egyptian mythology, associated with writing, record-keeping, and mathematics. Her name means “she who Scrivens,” She was often depicted wearing a leopard skin, with a headdress of a seven-pointed star and a crescent moon. Sekhmet Sekhmet was a powerful goddess in ancient Egyptian mythology, associated with war, destruction, and healing. Her name means “the powerful one” or “the mighty one,” and she was often depicted as a lioness or a woman with the head of a lioness. Tefnut Tefnut was an ancient Egyptian goddess associated with moisture, rain, and dew. She was often depicted as a lioness or a woman with the head of a lioness, and she was sometimes shown carrying a scepter or an ankh, the symbol of life. Themes in Egyptian Mythology 1 the cycle of birth and rebirth fight between good and evil 2 3 the judgement of the dead combination of humans and animals 4 5 order, chaos, and renewal preencoded.png Symbolism and Rituals 1 Scarab Beetle A symbol of rebirth and transformation, often included in The Eye of Horus 2 amulets and religious rituals. A powerful protective symbol associated with healing and good health. 3 Ankh Representing eternal life, this symbol was frequently found in Egyptian tombs and religious iconography. preencoded.png Symbolism and Rituals 1 Ouroboros Represents Cycle of the Life & Rebirth Amenta 2 Represents the Land of the Dead 3 Djed Pillar Represents Strength & Stability preencoded.png Symbolism and Rituals 1 Tyet Represents Feminism Ka Symbol or Spirit of Ka 2 Represents the Soul 3 Ba Hedjet – Represents the Kingdom of Upper Egypt preencoded.png Symbolism and Rituals 1 Feather of Maat Represents Justice & Truth Deshret 2 Represents Lower Egypt 3 Hedjet Represents the Kingdom of Upper Egypt preencoded.png Symbolism and Rituals 1 Pschent Represents Unity of Egypt Shen 2 Represents Divinity & Protection 3 Uraeus Represents the Power of Gods & Pharaohs preencoded.png Symbolism and Rituals 1 Seba Represents Star-Gods or Constellations Hekha and Nekhakha 2 Represents the Power of Kingship 3 Menat Represents Prosperity, Fertility, and Fortune preencoded.png Symbolism and Rituals 1 Was Scepter Represents Rule of the Gods Primordial Hill 2 Represents Process of Creation 3 Khepresh Represents Ceremonial & War preencoded.png Symbolism and Rituals 1 Tree of Life Represents Destiny & Eternal Life Ieb 2 Represents the Heart 3 Akhet Represents Horizon of the Sun preencoded.png Symbolism and Rituals 1 Atef Represents Egyptian deity Osiris Canopic Jars 2 Represents Mummification & Protection 3 Sesen Represents Sun, Rebirth & Creation preencoded.png Symbolism and Rituals 1 Sistrum Represents Music & Good Luck Winged Sun Disc 2 Represents Solar Power & Eternity preencoded.png Journey Through the Afterlife Mummification Burial Rituals The Book of the Dead preencoded.png Mythological Creatures and Beings Sphinx Anubis Phoenix Unravel the mystery of this Meet the jackal-headed god Discover the legendary bird of mythical creature, with the associated with embalming resurrection, symbolizing body of a lion and the head of and guiding the souls in the immortality and the cyclical a human or animal. afterlife. nature of life. preencoded.png