Dental Anatomy (1) Introduction & Terminology PDF

DENT1001 Dental Anatomy Introduction & Terminology Dr. İzim Türker Kader Assistant Professor Bahçeşehir University School of Dental Medicine Department of Prosthodontics [email protected] Core Textbook Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy Management of Temporomandibular...

DENT1001 Dental Anatomy Introduction & Terminology Dr. İzim Türker Kader Assistant Professor Bahçeşehir University School of Dental Medicine Department of Prosthodontics [email protected] Core Textbook Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy Management of Temporomandibular Wheeler's Atlas of Tooth Form Physiology and Occlusion. Disorders and Occlusion McKinley Ash Stanley J. Nelson Jeffrey P. Okeson 5th Edition Elsevier 8th edition Introduction & Terminology DENT1001 Dental Anatomy © Assist. Prof. İzim Türker Kader Additional Textbooks Woelfel's Dental Anatomy: Its Relevance to Dentistry Textbook of Dental Anatomy Physiology & Occlusion. Rickne C. Scheid, Gabriela Weiss Rashmi GS. Introduction & Terminology DENT1001 Dental Anatomy © Assist. Prof. İzim Türker Kader LEARNING OUTCOMES After the course the students will be able to; 1. Define the oral/dental anatomy and physiology. 2. Distinguish the right and left sides of patient, the midline, anterior and posterior teeth between themselves. 3. Explain the classifications of dentitions. 4. Interpret the primary/deciduous and permanent dentitions. 5. Compare the primary, mixed and permanent dentition periods. 6. Distinguish the succedaneous teeth. Introduction & Terminology DENT1001 Dental Anatomy © Assist. Prof. İzim Türker Kader Introduction Anatomy (Greek anatomē, "dissection") is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Introduction & Terminology DENT1001 Dental Anatomy © Assist. Prof. İzim Türker Kader Introduction Physiology is the scientific study of the functions and mechanisms which work within a living system. The focus of physiology is on how organisms, organ systems, organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out the chemical and physical functions that exist in a living system. Introduction & Terminology DENT1001 Dental Anatomy © Assist. Prof. İzim Türker Kader Introduction Dental Anatomy is the study of the development, morphology, function, and identity of each of the teeth in the human dentitions, as well as the way in which the teeth relate in shape, form, structure, color, and function to the other teeth in the same dental arch and to the teeth in the opposing arch. Introduction & Terminology DENT1001 Dental Anatomy © Assist. Prof. İzim Türker Kader Introduction Oral / Dental Physiology is the science which deals with the function of oral structures. Themes that are covered the structure and function of oral ecosystem and some important aspects such as principles on mastication, swallowing and speech etc. Introduction & Terminology DENT1001 Dental Anatomy © Assist. Prof. İzim Türker Kader Introduction Dental Arch is the composite structure of the natural teeth and alveolar bone. Teeth are arranged in both the upper and lower jaws in the form of a dental arch (arcade), or so-called catenary curve (like a chain suspended from two points) Introduction & Terminology DENT1001 Dental Anatomy © Assist. Prof. İzim Türker Kader Introduction Maxillary Arch Mandibular Arch Introduction & Terminology DENT1001 Dental Anatomy © Assist. Prof. İzim Türker Kader Introduction Midline is the imaginary vertical line which divides each arch, as well as the body, into two approximately equal halves. Strictly speaking, this vertical division is not a one- dimensional line at all, but rather a two-dimensional plane, termed the mid-sagittal lane. Introduction & Terminology DENT1001 Dental Anatomy © Assist. Prof. İzim Türker Kader  midline M a x i l l a r y R i g h t M a x i l l a r y L e f t Q u a d r a n t Q u a d r a n t Mandibular Right M a n d i b u l a r L e f t Quadrant Q u a d r a n t RIGHT LEFT Doç. Dr. Emir Yüzbasıoglu Classification of Dentitions Dentition is a term that explains the number, type, and arrangement of teeth in a person or animal: mixed, permanent, mammalian dentition, etc. Introduction & Terminology DENT1001 Dental Anatomy © Assist. Prof. İzim Türker Kader Classification of Dentitions The human dentition is termed heterodont, which means it is comprised of different types, or classes, of teeth to perform different functions in the mastication process. Introduction & Terminology DENT1001 Dental Anatomy © Assist. Prof. İzim Türker Kader Classification of Dentitions In comparison, a homodont dentition is one in which all of the teeth are the same in form and type. This sort of dentition is found in some of the lower vertebrates. Introduction & Terminology DENT1001 Dental Anatomy © Assist. Prof. İzim Türker Kader Classification of Dentitions Furthermore, human has two separate sets of teeth, or dentitions. This is termed diphyodont, as opposed to monophyodont when there is only one set of teeth, and polyphyodont, when more than two or continuous, sets of teeth are developed throughout life. Introduction & Terminology DENT1001 Dental Anatomy © Assist. Prof. İzim Türker Kader Classification of Dentitions In human, the two dentitions are termed primary and permanent, while the transitional phase when both deciduous and permanent teeth are present is called the mixed dentition period. Primary Permanent Introduction & Terminology DENT1001 Dental Anatomy © Assist. Prof. İzim Türker Kader Primary / Deciduous Dentition Primary / Deciduous Dentition; These are the first teeth to erupt into the oral cavity. They erupt into the mouth from about six months to two years of age. These teeth will be exfoliated (lost) as the permanent teeth erupt. Introduction & Terminology DENT1001 Dental Anatomy © Assist. Prof. İzim Türker Kader Primary / Deciduous Dentition The primary dentition is comprised of 20 teeth. Often these teeth are referred to as deciduous teeth or DENTES DECIDUI. Other non-scientific names for the deciduous teeth includes "milk" teeth, “baby" teeth, and "temporary" teeth. Introduction & Terminology DENT1001 Dental Anatomy © Assist. Prof. İzim Türker Kader Primary / Deciduous Dentition MOLAR CANINE INCISOR INCISOR CANINE MOLAR MOLAR CANINE INCISOR INCISOR CANINE MOLAR Primary / Deciduous Dentition Introduction & Terminology DENT1001 Dental Anatomy © Assist. Prof. İzim Türker Kader Permanent Dentition Permanent Dentition; That period when only permanent teeth are present, and which begins at approximately twelve years of age and continues through the rest of life. Introduction & Terminology DENT1001 Dental Anatomy © Assist. Prof. İzim Türker Kader Permanent Dentition The permanent dentition is comprised of 32 teeth. Often these teeth are referred to as permanent teeth or DENTES PERMANENTES. The permanent teeth erupt from 6 - 21 years of age. Introduction & Terminology DENT1001 Dental Anatomy © Assist. Prof. İzim Türker Kader  Permanent Dentition MOLAR PREMOLAR CANINE INCISOR INCISOR CANINE PREMOLAR MOLAR DAİMİ DİŞLER veya DENTES PERMANTES MOLAR PREMOLAR CANINE INCISOR INCISOR CANINE PREMOLAR MOLAR Permanent Dentition Introduction & Terminology DENT1001 Dental Anatomy © Assist. Prof. İzim Türker Kader Permanent Dentition As was pointed out, human is a heterodont, which means that more than one type of tooth is found in the human dentitions. Each complete quadrant of the permanent dentition contains eight teeth of differing type and function, as follows: ✦ Incisors (2) ✦ Canine (1) ✦ Premolars (2) ✦ Molars (3) Introduction & Terminology DENT1001 Dental Anatomy © Assist. Prof. İzim Türker Kader Permanent Dentition The incisors are the two teeth of each quadrant which are closest to the midline. They are named central and lateral incisors. Their functions in mastication are biting, cutting, incising and shearing. There are four permanent incisors per arch, and a total of eight in the mouth. Introduction & Terminology DENT1001 Dental Anatomy © Assist. Prof. İzim Türker Kader Permanent Dentition The canine is the third tooth from the midline in each quadrant. Its function in mastication is cutting, tearing, piercing, and holding. It is also called a cuspid. There are two permanent canines per arch, and a total of four in the mouth. Introduction & Terminology DENT1001 Dental Anatomy © Assist. Prof. İzim Türker Kader Permanent Dentition The premolars are the fourth and fifth teeth from the midline. They are termed first and second premolars. Their masticatory role is tearing, holding, and grinding. They are also called bicuspids. As with the incisors, there are four per arch, and eight total premolars. Introduction & Terminology DENT1001 Dental Anatomy © Assist. Prof. İzim Türker Kader Permanent Dentition The molars are the sixth, seventh, and eighth teeth from the midline. They are termed first, second, and third molars. They are also called six year molar, twelve year and wisdom tooth, in that order. Their masticatory function is grinding. There are six permanent molars per arch,and twelve total permanent molars. Introduction & Terminology DENT1001 Dental Anatomy © Assist. Prof. İzim Türker Kader Primary / Deciduous Dentition Each quadrant of human's deciduous dentition contains the following types of teeth, all of which have a function similar to their permanent complements: I. Incisors (2), which are named central and lateral incisors. II. Canine (1), or cuspid. III. Molars (2), which are named first and second molars. Introduction & Terminology DENT1001 Dental Anatomy © Assist. Prof. İzim Türker Kader Dentition Periods & Succedaneous Teeth It has been pointed out that human has two dentitions, but three periods of dentition, since the deciduous and permanent dentitions overlap in time. These periods are summarized in the following manner: Introduction & Terminology DENT1001 Dental Anatomy © Assist. Prof. İzim Türker Kader Primary Dentition Period That period during which only deciduous teeth are present, and occurs from approximately six months to six years of age. The primary dentition period ends at about age six, with the eruption of the first permanent tooth, normally the permanent mandibular first molar. Introduction & Terminology DENT1001 Dental Anatomy © Assist. Prof. İzim Türker Kader Mixed Dentition Period The first transition dentition begins with the emergence and eruption of the mandibular first permanent molars and ends with the loss of the last primary tooth, which usually occurs at about age 11 to 12. Introduction & Terminology DENT1001 Dental Anatomy © Assist. Prof. İzim Türker Kader Mixed Dentition Period Introduction & Terminology DENT1001 Dental Anatomy © Assist. Prof. İzim Türker Kader Permanent Dentition Period That period when only permanent teeth are present, and which begins at approximately twelve years of age and continues through the rest of life. Introduction & Terminology DENT1001 Dental Anatomy © Assist. Prof. İzim Türker Kader Succedaneous Teeth In order for a permanent tooth to erupt into a space where a deciduous tooth is located, the deciduous tooth must first be shed, or exfoliated. The natural process by which deciduous roots are "melted away" to allow for exfoliation is termed resorption. Introduction & Terminology DENT1001 Dental Anatomy © Assist. Prof. İzim Türker Kader Succedaneous Teeth The permanent teeth that are also succedaneous teeth include the incisors and canines, which replace their deciduous counterparts, and the premolars, which replace the deciduous molars. Therefore, the only permanent teeth which are not succedaneous are the molars. Introduction & Terminology DENT1001 Dental Anatomy © Assist. Prof. İzim Türker Kader Succedaneous Teeth It may be said, then, that all succedaneous teeth are permanent teeth, but all permanent teeth are not succedaneous teeth. Introduction & Terminology DENT1001 Dental Anatomy © Assist. Prof. İzim Türker Kader See you next lecture Don’t forget to brush your teeth  Introduction & Terminology DENT1001 Dental Anatomy © Assist. Prof. İzim Türker Kader