Defensive Tactics PDF

Lesson 1 Overview of Defensive Tactics Program ============================================== Lesson 2 Preparation for Defensive Tactics Training =================================================== ### Physical Performance ### Warm-Up and Cooldown Exercises 200 / Florida Basic Recruit Training P...

Lesson 1 Overview of Defensive Tactics Program ============================================== Lesson 2 Preparation for Defensive Tactics Training =================================================== ### Physical Performance ### Warm-Up and Cooldown Exercises 200 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 #### Recommended Warm-Up Stretches ###### Lunge and Twist ###### Knee Raises ###### High Kicks ###### Arm Swings ###### Arm Rotations ###### Arm Cross ###### Jump Squats Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 201 ###### Stationary Sprints ###### Wrist Rotations #### Falling Techniques ##### Front Fall 1. Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the application of the technique. 2. Extend your bent arms slightly in front of your chest as in a natural bracing position. 3. Fall forward to a prone position (lying on the stomach, face down) contacting the ground with the palms, forearms, and feet, turning your head to the side, and exhaling on impact. If falling with an unholstered weapon, make contact with the ground with just one palm. 4. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-1) ###### Rear Fall 1. Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the application of the technique. 2. Tuck your chin to your chest. 3. Squat and roll backward. 4. As your back makes contact with the ground, pull your arms in tightly, or you may swing both of your arms out at a 45o angle and strike the ground with the palms of both hands while exhaling. 5. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-2) 202 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 203 ###### Side Fall 1. Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the application of the technique. 2. Tuck your chin to your chest. 3. Squat and roll to the rear quarter and to one side. 4. Relax your body as you fall. 5. Don't land flat. Reduce the shock by rolling after hitting the ground. 6. As your body makes contact with the ground, you may swing the same side arm and strike the ground with the palm to minimize impact. 7. Exhale to relax your body and to prevent having the wind knocked out of you. 8. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-3)  204 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 #### Foundation 1. Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the application of the technique. 2. Using an extended arm, prop the upper body off the ground (posting). Posting is support- ing the balance of the body using a limb. 3. Bend the knees with feet on the ground. 4. Keep your free hand up in a defensive position to protect vital areas. 5. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-4) Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 205 #### Recover to the Standing Position 1. Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the application of the technique. 2. Stand up from the ground establishing a strong base. 3. Use an appropriate technique to gain distance and protect your vital areas. 4. Maintain an appropriate stance. 5. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-5)  206 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 #### Hip Escapes 1. Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the application of the technique. 2. From the foundation, tuck the chin to the chest to protect your neck and back of your head. 3. Push off with one foot, force your hips up, and push out toward the opposite side. Your hands will imitate a pushing motion, as if pushing the subject away. 4. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-6) Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 207 #### Sprawl 1. Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the application of the technique. 2. Shoot legs backwards, driving one hip down, which stops the subject's forward momentum. 3. Your chest will make contact with the subject's shoulder blades and drive the subject down. (See Figure 4-7)  208 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 #### Recommended Cooldown Stretches ###### Neck Stretch ###### Straight Arm Behind Back Stretch ###### Behind Neck Triceps Stretch ###### Arm Crossed in Front of Chest ###### Both Arms up Above Head Stretch ###### Both Arms in Front of Chest Stretch ###### Butterfly Stretch Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 209 ###### Spinal Twist ###### Supine Knee Flex Stretch ###### Seated Bent Knee Stretch ###### Modified Hurdler's Stretch ###### Straddle Stretch Drills ------ #### Pummeling Drill 1. Start with a partner. You each have an overhook with your right arm and an underhook with your left arm. 2. You both move your overhook arm to an underhook position at the same time. 210 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 3. Continue this process and switch from overhook to underhook alternating sides each time. 4. Gradually increase resistance while both students attempt to gain the double underhook position. (See Figure 4-8) Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 211 #### Arm Drag Drill 1. While facing the subject block and grab the subject's right arm with your left arm and bring the subject's arm across your centerline. 2. Use your right hand to reach across the subject's body and grasp the back of their right arm just above the elbow. 3. Continue the drill in the same manner and alternate the target arm. (See Figure 4-9) 212 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 ### Cardiovascular Conditioning ### Rest ### Nutrition -------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Nutrient Function protein provides energy; builds and repairs body cells; is part of various enzymes, hormones, and antibodies carbohydrate provides energy needed by the brain, nervous system, red blood cells, and other cells fat provides energy and essential fatty acids; carries other fat-soluble nutrients (vitamins); is part of cell membranes, membranes around nerves, hormones, and bile (for fat digestion) -------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 213 Lesson 1 Force Guidelines ========================= 1. Which he or she reasonably believes to be necessary to defend himself or herself or another from bodily harm while making the arrest; 2. When necessarily committed in retaking felons who have escaped; or 3. When necessarily committed in arresting felons fleeing from justice. However, this subsection does not constitute a defense in any civil action for damages brought for the wrongful use of deadly force unless the use of deadly force was necessary to prevent the arrest from being defeated by such flight and, when feasible, some warning had been given, and: a. The officer reasonably believes that the fleeing felon poses a threat of death or serious physical harm to the officer or others; or b. The officer reasonably believes that the fleeing felon has committed a crime involving the infliction or threatened infliction of serious physical harm to another person. 214 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 1. To defend himself or herself or another against such other imminent use of unlawful force; 2. To prevent a person from escaping from a state correctional institution when the officer reasonably believes that person is lawfully detained in such institution; 3. To prevent damage to property; 4. To quell a disturbance; 5. To overcome physical resistance to a lawful command; or 6. To administer medical treatment only by or under the supervision of a physician or his or her designee and only: a. When treatment is necessary to protect the health of other persons, as in the case of contagious or venereal diseases; or b. When treatment is offered in satisfaction of a duty to protect the inmate against self-inflicted injury or death. ### Objective Reasonableness Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 215 ### Authority to Use Force ### Escalation, De-escalation, and Disengagement 216 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 ### Structure of the Force Guidelines #### Subject Resistance Levels - a subject refusing to move at the officer's direction - a subject refusing to leave the vehicle when arrested during a traffic stop - a subject refusing to take their hands out of their pockets or from behind their back - a subject physically hanging on to a person or object to keep from being removed - a subject bracing or pulling away from the officer when the officer grips their arm - a subject trying to run when the officer touches or tries to grab the subject's arm or shoulder Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 217 - a subject balling up their fist and approaching the officer - a subject pushing the officer back as the officer tries to take them into custody - a subject grabbing any part of the officer's body - a subject refusing to drop a knife when ordered to by an officer and choosing to move toward the officer - a subject shooting or pointing a gun at an officer or other person - a subject using a vehicle to try to run down an officer #### Officer Response Options 218 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 1. The term "deadly force" means force that is likely to cause death or great bodily harm and includes, but is not limited to: a. The firing of a firearm in the direction of the person to be arrested, even though no intent exists to kill or inflict great bodily harm; and b. The firing of a firearm at a vehicle in which the person to be arrested is riding. 2. A correctional officer or other law enforcement officer is justified in the use of force, including deadly force, which he or she reasonably believes to be neces*-* sary to prevent the escape from a penal institution of a person whom the officer reasonably believes to be lawfully detained in such institution under sentence for an offense or awaiting trial or commitment for an offense. Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 219 - observe another officer engaging, or attempting to engage, in excessive use of force - choose an intervention that is reasonable based on the totality of the circumstances - not jeopardize their own health or safety #### Factors for Deciding to Use Deadly Force 220 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 #### Totality of Circumstances - the severity of the crime - the immediate threat of the subject - the subject's mental or psychiatric history, if known to the officer - the subject's violent history, if known to the officer - the subject's combative skills, if known to the officer - the subject's access to weapons, if known to the officer - the innocent bystanders who could be harmed - the number of subjects versus number of officers - the duration of the confrontation - the subject's size, age, weight, and physical condition - the officer's size, age, weight, physical condition, and defensive tactics expertise - the environmental factors, such as physical terrain and weather conditions Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 221 ### Use of Force Reporting 222 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 Lesson 2 Survival Stress Reaction ================================= ### Survival Stress Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 223 #### Physiological Changes Under Stress - increased heart rate and respiration - diminished or amplified hearing - distorted vision (for example, tunnel vision, inability to see close objects with detail, or fixating on one location and not seeing other details of the event) - loss of bladder and bowel control - increased reaction time - motor performance changes - loss of fine motor skills (the muscle control required to make small, precise movements, such as unlocking handcuffs with a key) - heavier reliance on gross motor skills (movements of the large or major muscles of the body to do things like run, punch, or kick) - loss of complex motor skills (tasks that require a combination of fine and gross motor skills using hand-eye coordination timed to a single event, such as driving a vehicle) 224 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 - complete breakdown of motor skills (freezing or submitting) - occurrences seeming faster or slower than they are - objects appearing closer or farther than they are #### Decision-Making Under Stress #### Speech Patterns Under Stress Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 225 ### Threat Awareness +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | Condition | | | | | | Orange | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | Unaware | General | Recognition | Specific | Threat | | that a | | that | threat | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | threat | awareness | a threat | identified | mismanaged | | exists | of | exists | and | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | possible | | appropriate | due to | | | threats | | | panicked | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | | actions | stress | | | | | taken | response | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | Attention | Attention | Awareness | The threat | Survival | | is | is | of a | | stress | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | unfocused | focused, | specific | is assessed | functions | | or | and the | threat | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | preoccupied | officer | encourages | and managed | break down. | | , | scans the | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | and the | environment | preplanning | through | Submission | | officer | for | and | | or | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | is | potential | more | intensified | freezing | | oblivious | threats. | intense | | may | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | to | | focus. | cognitive | occur. An | | potential | | Physical | | officer | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | danger in | | indicators | and | may | | their | | of | physical | overreact, | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | environment | | stress may | reactions. | underreact, | |. | | | | or | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | become | Survival | not react | | | | evident. | stress | to a | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | | functions | situation. | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | | become | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | | optimum. | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | Example: | Example: | Examples: | Examples: | Examples: | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | A person | While on | A patrol | The patrol | The patrol | | drives to | the job, an | officer | officer | officer | | work and | officer is | sees a | initiates | panics and | | does not | in a state | vehicle | the plan to | may not | | remember | of relaxed | backed into | engage the | respond | | the drive | awareness | a parking | suspects as | effectively | | (automatic | and notices | space at a | they exit |. | | pilot). | what | convenience | the store. | | | | | store with | | | | | is going | the engine | | | | | on. | running, | | | | | | considers | | | | | | the | | | | | | possibility | | | | | | | | | | | | of a | | | | | | robbery in | | | | | | progress, | | | | | | and begins | | | | | | | | | | | | tactical | | | | | | planning. | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | A | The | The | | | | correctiona | correctiona | correctiona | | | | l | l | l | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | officer | officer | officer | | | | sees | initiates | panics and | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | an inmate | the plan | may not | | | | | | respond | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | with | to engage | effectively | | | | possible | |. | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | contraband | the inmate. | | | | | and | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | begins | | | | | | forming a | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | plan of | | | | | | action. | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ 226 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 ### Coping With the Effects of Survival Stress - preplan - stay physically fit - get enough rest - keep a nutritious diet - use controlled breathing techniques - rely on techniques that involve gross motor movements rather than fine motor skills - train under realistic environmental conditions designed to mirror high-stress scenarios - anticipate the possibility of resistance with every subject encounter - stay proficient in physical and mental skills - stay proficient with firearms and other issued equipment Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 227 Lesson 1 Fundamental Principles of Defensive Tactics ==================================================== ### Fundamental Principles of Defensive Tactics 228 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 229 Lesson 2 Communication and Commands =================================== 230 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 Lesson 3 Threat Assessment and Response ======================================= ### Subject Behavior - increased breathing - stopping of all movement - clenched fists and quivering hands - refusal to show palms of hands - reddened or flushed face - prominent expanding veins on face and forearms - shifting of shoulders or change of stance - glancing at a target area (target glance) Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 231 - ignoring the officer - rapid, angry movements ### Environmental Factors ### Stances #### Interview Stance 1. Stand with head, hips, and feet aligned. 2. Plant your feet shoulder-width apart with the knees slightly bent. 3. Angle your body to the subject with the strong side away. 4. Place your hands above waist level. #### Offensive Ready Stance 1. Stand with your head, hips, and feet aligned and your chin tucked. 2. Plant your feet slightly wider than shoulder-width apart with the knees slightly bent. 3. Angle your body so that your strong side is away from the subject. 4. Place your hands just below eye level and toward your center. (See Figure 4-11) 232 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 ### Relative Positioning Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 233  234 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 1. Maintain an appropriate reactionary gap. 2. Visually scan the area for potential threats. 3. Assume an appropriate stance. 4. Identify yourself as an officer, if appropriate. 5. Use clear, concise verbal commands. 6. Tell the subject to expose both palms. (See Figure 4-14) Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 235 ### Evasion and Redirection  236 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 237 Lesson 4 Pressure Points ======================== - touch pressure---touching the location of a nerve or sensitive area and applying continual, uninterrupted pressure with the tip of the finger(s) or thumb until the subject complies - stabilization---immobilizing the subject's head so the subject cannot move or escape; be careful not to apply too much pressure or torque on the neck or spine when stabiliz- ing the head - under the jaw - hollow behind the ear - hollow behind the collarbone - elbow under the shoulder blade 238 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 ### Under the Jaw 1. Approach the subject safely. 2. Use loud, clear verbal commands to let the subject know what you want them to do. 3. Stabilize the subject's head. Locate the pressure point(s) under the jawbone. 4. Apply pressure until the subject is compliant. 5. Decrease the pressure when the subject complies. Do not release control, just the pres- sure. If the subject begins to resist again, reapply the pressure. 6. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-17) Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 239 ### Hollow Behind the Ear 1. Approach the subject safely. 2. Use loud, clear verbal commands to let the subject know what you want them to do. 3. Stabilize the subject's head. Locate the pressure point in the hollow behind the ear. 4. Apply pressure inward and toward the nose until the subject complies. 5. Decrease the pressure when the subject complies. Do not release control, just the pres- sure. If the subject begins to resist again, reapply the pressure. 6. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-18)  240 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 ### Hollow Behind the Collarbone 1. Approach the subject safely. 2. Use loud, clear verbal commands to let the subject know what you want them to do. 3. Stabilize the subject. 4. Locate the pressure point behind the collarbone. 5. Apply pressure toward the feet until the subject is compliant. 6. Decrease the pressure when the subject complies. Do not release control, just the pres- sure. If the subject begins to resist again, reapply the pressure. 7. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-19) Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 241 ### Elbow Under the Shoulder Blade 1. Approach the subject safely. 2. Use loud, clear verbal commands to let the subject know what you want them to do. 3. Stabilize the subject where they are face down, on their stomach. 4. Bend your elbow and place it on the subject's back along the spine at the shoulder blade. 5. Apply downward pressure with the elbow until the subject is compliant. 6. Decrease the pressure when the subject complies. If the subject begins to resist again, reapply the pressure. 7. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-20)  242 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 Lesson 5 Escorts and Transporters ================================= Escorts ------- #### Escort Position 1. Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the application of the technique. 2. Maintain an appropriate stance. 3. Make contact with the subject's arm by grasping simultaneously the wrist and the upper arm just above the elbow. 4. Turn the subject's palm so that it is facing you. 5. Move the subject, or follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-21) Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 243 ### Transporters #### Hammer Lock Transporter 1. Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the application of the technique. 2. Begin from the escort position. 3. A strike or diversion may be necessary to complete the technique. 4. Mirror the controlled hand and rotate the subject's controlled hand while sweeping the subject's hand behind their back. 5. Maintain control by bending the wrist. 6. Control or move the subject, or follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-22) 244 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 245 #### Shoulder Lock Transporter 1. Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the application of the technique. 2. Begin from the escort position. 3. A strike or diversion may be necessary to complete the technique. 4. Raise the subject's elbow upward, then roll the subject's shoulder forward. 5. Push the controlled arm behind the subject's back, over your forearm, placing your hand on the subject's triceps. 6. Reach across the subject's back and control the subject's head with your right hand (for example, by grabbing behind the subject's neck or the opposite shoulder). 7. Maintain control, or follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-23) 246 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 247 Lesson 6 Restraint Devices ========================== ### Handcuffs 248 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 ### Three-Point Pin 1. Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the application of the technique. 2. Once a subject has been taken to the ground, maintain control of the subject's right arm. 3. Maintain the bent wrist on the subject's right arm to gain compliance. 4. Place your right knee across the subject's right shoulder blade. Avoid pressure to the spinal cord and neck when placing your knee or shin on the subject's shoulder. 5. Place your left knee on the ground close to the subject's rib area with the subject's upper arm on the front of your thigh. 6. Remain on the balls of your feet throughout the pin to allow quick recovery to a standing position. (See Figure 4-25) Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 249 ### Handcuffing Technique 1. Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the application of the technique. 2. Visually inspect and direct the subject into a position that prepares for handcuffing. 3. Approach the subject. Note: If a weapon has been drawn, safely manage the weapon before approaching the subject. 4. Draw the handcuffs from the holster. 5. Place one handcuff on one wrist. 6. Place the other handcuff on the other wrist. 7. Check for proper fit. 8. Double lock the handcuffs. 9. Search the subject. 250 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 251 252 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 ### Removing Handcuffs 1. Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the application of the technique. 2. Visually inspect and direct the subject into a position that prepares for removing handcuffs. 3. Approach the subject. 4. Draw the handcuff key. 5. Remove the handcuff from one wrist and close the cuff. 6. Control the subject's uncuffed hand. 7. Remove the other handcuff and close it. 8. Move away from the subject. (See Figure 4-29) Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 253 ### Waist Chains 1. Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the process. 2. Position the subject facing you with their hands in front and palms facing each other. The subject's hands should be about 6 inches away from their body. 3. Facing the subject, place the handcuffs on their wrists, check for proper fit, and then double lock the cuffs. 4. Attach the black box to the handcuffs from the bottom up. Insert the elongated end of the chain to the backside of the black box. 5. Direct the subject to turn around, wrapping the chain around their waist, ensuring proper fit. 6. Have the subject pull their hands toward their body to take the slack out of the chain. Use a padlock to go through both lengths of the chain and secure on the subject's side. (See Figure 4-30) ### Leg Restraints 1. Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the process. 2. Hold the leg restraints with the double bar facing the subject's legs. This will ensure that the key holes are facing down. 3. Have the subject lean against a wall or kneel on a chair to maintain a balanced stance. 4. Apply the leg restraints to each ankle, check for proper fit, and then double lock them. (See Figure 4-31) 254 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 255 256 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 ### Flexible Restraints #### Flexible Cuffs #### Removing Flexible Cuffs #### Flexible Leg Restraints 1. Control the subject by handcuffing them and placing them in the prone position. Your partner will control the subject's upper body, either with a three-point pin or a wrist compression. 2. Move close to the subject, and kneel or squat near the subject's legs. Control the subject's legs by grabbing and wrapping your hands around them, working your way to the subject's feet. 3. While holding the subject's feet together, slide the restraints over the lower half of the subject's legs. Keep the restraints above the subject's ankles. 4. Tighten the restraint device by pulling the excess portion. The restraint should be tight enough to restrict leg movement while allowing normal blood flow. 5. To further restrict the subject's movement, clip the excess to the handcuff chain by bend- ing the subject's legs at the knees to a 90o angle behind the subject. Place the subject in a sitting position or lying on their side. Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 257 Lesson 7 Frisks and Searches ============================ ### Pat-Down Technique 1. Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the process. 2. Be aware of verbal and non-verbal cues that indicate the probability of aggressive behav- ior. Remember that you are in the danger zone. 3. Visually scan the subject while assuming the interview stance. 4. Have the subject lift their arms to tighten clothing so you can visually search potential concealment areas, such as the waistline. 258 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 5. Have the subject move their hands away from their body. 6. Have the subject place their hands in a way so they can be controlled. 7. Physically control the subject's hands. 8. Keep the subject off balance. 9. Conduct the pat down in a predetermined pattern. 10. Follow up with the appropriate action(s).  Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 259 ### Custodial Search Technique 1. Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the process. 2. Keep the subject off balance. 3. Physically control the subject's hands. 4. Conduct the search in a predetermined pattern. The groin is one of the most commonly overlooked areas. Remain professional and focus on conducting a proper, thorough search. 5. Follow up with the appropriate the action(s). 260 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 ### Inmate Search Techniques #### Clothed Search 1. Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the process. 2. Remove or have the inmate remove the contents of their pockets and take off their shoes and hat. 3. Inspect the shoes, hat, and personal effects before proceeding. 4. Keep the inmate off balance. 5. Maintain visual contact with the inmate's hands (for example, have the inmate face the wall with hands on the wall). 6. Conduct the search in a predetermined pattern. 7. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). #### Strip or Unclothed Search Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 261 1. Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the process. 2. Have the inmate remove all clothing. 3. Search the inmate's hair, ears, and mouth (dentures must be removed). 4. Visually check the entire body including armpits, hands, pubic region, between the toes, soles of the feet, inner portions of the legs, and groove between the buttocks. Any bandages or casts should be thoroughly examined by medical staff. 5. Search every article of clothing and personal property, including collars, cuffs, lapels, seams, and linings. Examine shoes for split soles, false linings, and removable insoles or heels. 6. Follow up per agency policies based on the results of the search. #### Body Cavity Search 262 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 Lesson 8 Blocks and Strikes =========================== Blocks ------ #### Upper Area Block  Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 263 #### Mid Area Block 264 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 ### Strikes  Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 265 266 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 - palm heel strike - punches - hammer fist strike - backfist strike #### Palm Heel Strike - elbow strike - knee strike - front kick - angle kick 1. Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the application of the technique. 2. Assume an appropriate position. 3. Identify the target area. 4. Thrust the hand forward, striking the target area with the palm heel of the hand. 5. Rotate your shoulders and hips to deliver the strike. 6. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-37) Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 267 #### Punches 1. Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the application of the technique. 2. Assume an appropriate position. 3. Identify the target area. 4. Make a fist. To make a proper fist, roll the fingers, tuck, and lock into the palm of the hand with thumb pressure. 5. Use the knuckles to strike the specific target area. 6. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-38)  268 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 #### Hammer Fist Strike 1. Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the application of the technique. 2. Assume an appropriate position. 3. Identify the target area. 4. Make a fist. 5. Use the bottom of the fist to strike the target area. 6. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-39) Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 269 #### Backfist Strike 1. Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the application of the technique. 2. Assume an appropriate position. 3. Identify the target area. 4. Make a fist. 5. Use the back of the fist to strike the target area. 6. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-40)  270 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 #### Elbow Strike 1. Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the application of the technique. 2. Assume an appropriate position. 3. Identify the target area. 4. Make a proper fist. 5. Bend your elbow to a 90o angle. 6. Rotate your shoulders and hips to deliver the strike. 7. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-41) Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 271 #### Knee Strike 1. Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the application of the technique. 2. Assume an appropriate position. 3. Identify the target area. 4. Drive your knee forward into the target area. 5. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-42)  272 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 #### Front Kick 1. Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the application of the technique. 2. Transfer your balance to the support leg. 3. Lifting the knee, snap the foot forward. 4. Strike the target with either the ball or bridge of the foot. 5. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-43) Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 273 #### Angle Kick 1. Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the application of the technique. 2. Transfer your balance to the support leg. 3. Lift the knee of the kicking leg and rotate the hip. 4. Either snap or thrust the leg toward the target area. 5. Strike the target with the shin or top of the foot. 6. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-44)  274 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 Lesson 9 Takedowns ================== - straight arm takedown - hammer lock takedown - shoulder lock takedown - rear takedown - front takedown - hip roll ### Straight Arm Takedown 1. Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the application of the technique. 2. Assume an appropriate position, usually an escort position. 3. Slightly pull the subject off balance, straightening their right arm, pulling their wrist down- ward with their palm toward you to your right hip. 4. Apply downward pressure to the elbow while maintaining control of the wrist. 5. A strike or diversion may be necessary to complete the technique. 6. Move your right leg rearward, as needed, to rotate your hips clockwise. Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 275 7. Drop to your left knee (optional) and place the subject in a prone position. Note: Depend- ing on the surface, placing a knee on the ground may not be advisable. 8. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-45) 276 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 Hammer Lock Takedown -------------------- 1. Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the application of the technique. 2. A strike or diversion may be necessary to complete the technique. 3. Move your right leg rearward, as needed, to rotate your hips clockwise. 4. Drop to your left knee (optional) and place the subject in a prone position. Note: Depend- ing on the surface, placing a knee on the ground may not be advisable. 5. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-46)  Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 277 ### Shoulder Lock Takedown 1. Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the application of the technique. 2. A strike or diversion may be necessary to complete the technique. 3. Move your right leg rearward, as needed, to rotate your hips clockwise. 4. Drop to your left knee (optional) and place the subject in a prone position. Note: Depend- ing on the surface, placing a knee on the ground may not be advisable. 5. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-47) 6. The shoulder lock can be used from multiple positions, including from the clinch or on a handcuffed subject. (See Figure 4-48)  278 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 ### Rear Takedown 1. Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the application of the technique. 2. Take an extended step behind the subject and lower your center of gravity, establishing a good base. 3. Once established behind the subject, place a hand on each side of the subject near the waistline/hip. 4. Extend one leg and plant your foot directly behind the subject's heel. 5. Sit down, twisting the subject back with you. 6. Continue the twist/spinning motion, following the subject to the ground. You should end up in a side mount or full mount position. 7. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-49) Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 279 Front Takedown -------------- 1. Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the application of the technique. 2. Grasp the subject's body as close to their hips as possible pulling them close to you while using your head to push their upper body back, causing the subject to be off balance. 3. If needed, use your left leg to hook the subject's right leg below their knee. 4. Drag their leg toward and then behind you, lifting the subject's leg up and back while simultaneously pushing their upper body down with your head into their chest, forcing them to the ground. 5. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-50)  280 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 ### Hip Roll 1. Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the application of the technique. 2. Place your hip into the subject's lower abdomen. Your right hip should move past the subject's right hip. 3. Lower your center of gravity. 4. Pull the subject over the hip and direct them to the ground. (See Figure 4-51) Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 281 Lesson 10 Upright Grappling and Body Hold Escapes ================================================= - escape from front chokehold - escape from rear chokehold - escape from front body hold over/under arms - escape from rear body hold over/under arms - escape from headlock - escape from front football tackle - diversions ### Defend and Escape From a Front Chokehold 282 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 1. Tuck your chin and shrug your shoulders. 2. Step straight back with your right leg and raise your left arm as you swing that arm up and over the subject's arm to break the hold (windmill). 3. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-52) 4. Other effective escapes from a front chokehold can also include pressure to the jugular notch and evasive movements.  Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 283 ### Defend and Escape From a Rear Chokehold 1. Tuck your chin and shrug your shoulders. 2. Lower your center of gravity and raise your arm on the side they are choking you with. 3. Protect your airway with your other hand. 4. Create space between your hips and the subject's. 5. Windmill your raised arm in a downward motion between their hip and yours as you turn into the subject, grabbing their upper back. This should free you from the choke. 6. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-53) ### Escape From Front Body Hold Over/Under Arms 1. Lower your center of gravity. 2. Perform one or more striking techniques or pressure points to the appropriate target areas. 3. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). 4. For escaping over the arms, create distance between you and the subject by putting your palms on the subject's hips (hip check). 5. For escape from under the arms, push the head away and follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-54) 284 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 285 286 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 ### Escape From Rear Body Hold Over/Under Arms 1. Trap hands and lower your center of gravity. 2. Perform one or more striking techniques or finger peel to break the subject's grip. 3. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-55) ### Escape From Headlock #### Escape From Side Headlock 1. Establish an airway, and a wide stance. 2. Perform one or more striking techniques or pressure points to the appropriate target areas, if needed. 3. If the subject tries to strike with their non-choking arm, reach behind the subject and secure their striking arm with your hand by grabbing their forearm. 4. Perform a rear takedown. 5. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figures 4-56 and 4-57) Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 287 288 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 289 #### Escape From Front Headlock 1. Establish an airway and a wide stance. 2. Perform one or more striking techniques or pressure points to the appropriate target areas, if needed. 3. Bring your right arm over the subject's left shoulder and maintain downward pressure. 4. Quickly step around the subject's lead leg using your leg to place the subject off balance. This should place you on the subject's left side. 5. Use your right leg to buckle the subject's left leg, while driving them down with your shoulder and head pressure. 6. As the subject falls, move past their left leg, while maintaining constant shoulder and head contact with the subject's chest. 7. Guide the subject as they fall to the ground, ending in side control. (See Figure 4-58) ### Escape From Front Football Tackle 1. Raise your arms in an offensive ready position. 2. Stop the subject's forward motion by driving your hips forward, then shooting your legs backward while putting your body weight on the subject's back. 3. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-59) 290 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 291 292 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 ### Diversions #### Headbutt 1. Assume an appropriate position. 2. Identify the target area. 3. The best target area for a headbutt is the soft tissue of the subject's face or head. 4. Using the top of the forehead or the back of the head, thrust the head into the target area. 5. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-60) #### Foot Stomp 1. Assume an appropriate position. 2. Transfer your weight to one leg. 3. Lift the other leg, bending at the knee. 4. Using the heel of the foot, deliver a downward thrust to the subject's foot. 5. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-61) Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 293 294 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 #### Shin Scrape 1. Assume an appropriate position. 2. Transfer your weight to one leg. 3. Lift the other leg, bending at the knee. 4. Turning the foot either to the inside or to the outside, deliver a downward scraping thrust along the subject's shin. 5. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-62) Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 295 Lesson 11 Vascular Neck Restraints ================================== ### Standard Vascular Neck Restraint 1. Encircle the subject's neck with your right arm so that you can apply equal pressure to each side of the neck using your forearm and bicep by positioning your elbow in front of the subject's throat. 2. With your right hand palm down and your left hand palm up, grab hands. 296 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 3. Variation: With your right hand palm down, grab your left bicep. Place your left palm behind the subject's head. 4. Bring your right wrist to your shoulder to apply equal pressure to the sides of the neck. 5. Stabilize the subject's head with your head. 6. Compress the neck until you get compliance or unconsciousness. When applied correctly, unconsciousness could occur in less than 10 seconds. 7. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-63)  Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 297 Lesson 12 Ground Control ======================== - The subject is close to you, allowing you to keep and maintain physical control. - The subject does not have the support of a strong stance to generate power for striking. - The subject is usually working against time and fearful that you may receive backup or other assistance. - The subject has immediate access to all of your equipment. - The ground is often a rough surface that can quickly scratch and tear the skin. - Equipment can cause pain or reduce movement as you roll on the ground. - The subject has easy access to your vital areas. - guard stall - side control - full mount - full mount stall 298 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 - ground defense position - guard break - defend and escape from side control - bridge and roll - elbow escape - defend and escape from a rear mount ### Ground Defense Position 1. From the foundation position, tuck your chin to your chest, with your arms and hands up protecting vital areas. Your legs will be up, knees bent toward the chest, and feet slightly angled. 2. Defend by kicking the subject in the knees, shins, or other available targets. 3. Lift your hips off the ground and use your feet to rotate in a circular motion tracking the subject's movements. 4. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-64) ### Guard Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 299 300 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 ### Guard Stall 1. The subject is positioned between your legs as you lie on your back. 2. If possible, cross your ankles behind the subject's back. If you can't cross your ankles, squeeze your legs together around the subject's waist. 3. Pull the subject down on top of you, chest-to-chest. (See Figure 4-66)  Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 301 ### Guard Break 1. Control the subject's hips by placing both of your palms on the subject's torso and apply- ing downward pressure. 2. Bring your right leg up and plant that foot as close as possible to the subject's hips while maintaining downward pressure on the subject's hips with your palms. 3. Come to a standing position and slightly turn your left foot outward. 4. Using your left elbow/hand, simultaneously apply pressure to the subject's inner thigh area. This should result in the subject's legs opening. 5. Create distance between you and the subject, and follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-67) 302 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 ### Side Control 1. The subject is on their back. 2. From the side, maintain chest-to-chest contact using your body weight to control the subject beneath you. 3. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-68)  Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 303 ### Defend and Escape From Side Control 1. As the subject attacks from the right side, bring your left arm across and underneath the subject's neck. Push up, lifting the subject's head to gain distance. 2. Place your right hand on the subject's left hip, blocking any hip movement. Note: If the subject is striking you, you must control their arm instead of their hip. 3. Push off with one foot, force your hips up, and push out toward the opposite side. At the same time, place your right hand on the subject's hip to control, push away, and escape. 4. If you are unable to escape, recover to the guard position. 5. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-69) ### Full Mount 1. Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the application of the technique. 2. Straddle the subject using your body weight to control them. (See Figure 4-70) 304 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 305 ### Full Mount Stall 1. The subject sits on your midsection as you lie on your back. 2. Sit up and grab the subject around the upper body with both arms. 3. Pull the subject down on top of you. 4. Move your head left or right to breathe and avoid attack. 5. From this position, you may continue to hold the subject, escalate, or disengage. (See Figure 4-71)  306 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 ### Bridge and Roll 1. The subject mounts your midsection. 2. Use blocking techniques to prevent strikes or choke attempts. 3. If needed, thrust your hips up to form a bridge, forcing the subject to post and allowing you to control their arms. 4. Control the subject's leg by placing your foot to the outside of the subject's leg. 5. Control the subject's arm on the same side by pulling it tight to your body. 6. Push up with your foot and drive your hips up to a bridge, thrusting the subject upward while you roll the subject onto their back. You will end up on top and between the subject's legs (the guard position). 7. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-72) ### Elbow Escape 1. Bridge your hips and turn your body about 45o to your left. 2. Place your left leg flat on the ground. 3. Use your left elbow to push the subject's right knee away from you. 4. At the same time, slide your left leg under the subject's knee as space is cleared. 5. Hook your right leg behind the subject's right calf area. 6. Turn toward the subject and create space using the shrimping technique. 7. Escape to a standing position or place the subject in your guard. 8. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-73) Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 307 308 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 309 ### Defend and Escape From a Rear Mount 1. The subject mounts your lower back and places their legs to the outside of your legs to control you. The subject holds you down with their body weight. 2. Keep your hands around your head for protection from strikes and chokes. 3. Create space between you and the subject. 4. Turn onto your back as quickly as possible. 5. Follow up with an escape from full mount (bridge and roll/elbow escape). (See Figure 4-74) 310 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 Lesson 13 Impact Weapons ======================== - impact weapons, such as batons or weapons of opportunity - specialty impact weapons such as bean bag rounds (lead shot covered in a small fabric pillow, typically fired from a shotgun) or baton rounds (plastic or rubber bullets) - electronic control devices, such as a CEW - chemical agents Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 311 312 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 313 ### Impact Weapon Thrusts 1. Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the application of the technique. 2. Assume an appropriate position. 3. Hold the impact weapon with one or both hands. 4. Thrust the impact weapon into an appropriate target area. 5. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-76)  314 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 ### Impact Weapon Swings 1. Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the application of the technique. 2. Assume an appropriate position. 3. Hold the impact weapon with one or both hands. 4. Swing the impact weapon to an appropriate target area. 5. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-77) Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 315 ### Impact Weapon Blocks 1. Use loud, clear verbal commands throughout the application of the technique. 2. Assume an appropriate hand position. 3. Hold the impact weapon with one or both hands. 4. Sweep or push the impact weapon across the front of the body, defending against attack. 5. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-78)  ### Electronic Control Devices 316 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 Lesson 14 Chemical Agents ========================= ### Types of Chemical Agents ### Contents of OC Spray Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 317 ### Effects of OC 318 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 ### The OC Canister ### Decontamination Procedures #### Psychological Decontamination Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 319 #### Physical Decontamination ###### Strobing ###### Breathing ###### Removing Contaminants ##### Air ###### Water ###### Decontaminant Solutions 320 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 ### Documentation Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 321 Lesson 15 Weapon Retention ========================== - holstered intermediate weapon retention - drawn baton retention - holstered handgun retention - drawn handgun retention 322 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 ### Holstered Intermediate Weapon Retention 1. Adjust your stance to maintain balance. 2. Secure the weapon by forcefully applying downward pressure on the weapon or on top of the subject's hand keeping the weapon in the holster. 3. Deliver strikes to appropriate target areas as you rotate your body to break the subject's grip. 4. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-80) Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 323 ### Drawn Baton Retention 1. Adjust your stance to maintain balance. 2. Rotate the long end of the baton upward and from the left to the right, to release the subject's grip. 3. Pull the baton back and away. 4. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-81)  324 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 ### Holstered Handgun Retention 1. Adjust your stance to maintain balance. 2. Secure the weapon by forcefully applying downward pressure on the firearm or on top of the subject's hand keeping the weapon in the holster. 3. Deliver strikes to appropriate target areas as you rotate your body to break the subject's grip. 4. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-82) Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 325 ### Drawn Handgun Retention 1. Widen your stance and lower your center of gravity. 2. Step forward and bring the handgun closer to your chest. 3. Wrap your non-weapon arm under the handgun and the subject's hand and clamp them tightly to your chest. 4. Lever the gun barrel upward to release it from the subject's grasp. 5. Create distance from the subject by stepping back while pulling your cradled handgun downward. 6. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-83)  326 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 Lesson 16 Handgun Defense ========================= - the proximity of the officer to the subject - the officer's belief that the subject is going to shoot them - the presence of other potential victims in the immediate area - the consideration of other reasonable options - the mindset and commitment to challenge the subject regardless of personal injury or initial failure - surprise---do not telegraph to the subject that you plan to counterattack. Telegraphing is revealing your intentions through small eye, hand, or foot movements in the direction that you plan to move. - action is faster than reaction---when you enter the danger zone to deal with a subject, you are the initiator. The subject must react to your threat. - verbal distraction---reaction time increases when a subject processes two or more pieces of information at the same time. For example, ask the subject a question immediately before taking action. - physical proximity---to initiate this technique, the subject's handgun must be within arm's reach. Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 327 ### Handgun Cycles of Operation ### General Guidelines - Move your body out of the way. - Control the weapon. - Follow up with the appropriate action(s). 328 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 Lesson 17 Defense Against Edged Weapons ======================================= ### Knife Patterns - straight thrust - overhead attack with one or two hands - forehand slash Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 329 330 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 ### Defensive Movements - evade---move or pivot away from the attacker. - secure---capture the weapon arm and secure it. - redirect---redirect the weapon arm. - redirection and evasion techniques - defense against an overhead stab or forehand slash with an edged weapon ### Redirection and Evasion Techniques #### Redirection Technique (1) 1. As the subject attacks, pivot backward to evade the subject's forward movement. 2. Bring both hands up in front of your face to protect vital areas. 3. Push, slap, or strike the subject's arm or shoulder to create distance from the weapon. 4. Move away from the subject at an angle or circle. 5. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-85) Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 331 #### Redirection Technique (2) 1. Block the subject's lower right arm with your left arm and bring the subject's arm across your centerline. 2. Use your right hand to reach across the subject's body and grasp the back of their right arm just above the elbow. 3. Slightly pull the subject off balance, straightening their arm, pulling their right wrist down- ward with their palm toward you to your right hip. 332 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 4. Apply downward pressure to the elbow while maintaining control of the wrist. 5. A strike or diversion may be necessary to complete the technique. 6. Move your right leg rearward, rotating your hips clockwise. 7. Drop to your left knee and place the subject in a prone position. 8. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-86) Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 333 ### Defense Against an Overhead Stab or Forehand Slash With an Edged Weapon 1. Palm strike the subject's upper right arm near the shoulder with both hands to stop the movement of the weapon arm. 2. Capture and secure the subject's right arm by encircling it with your left arm. At the same time, deliver multiple disabling strikes. 3. Follow up with the appropriate action(s). (See Figure 4-87)  334 / Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (HL): Volume 2 Lesson 18 Deadly Force Techniques ================================= ### Using Alternative Weapons Chapter 4 Criminal Justice Defensive Tactics / 335