DCN_Ch_01 - Introduction to Data Comunications_Aug 29, 2023.pdf

Data Communications & Networking Introduction to Data Communications Dr. Ramakrishna Dantu College of Business Intro to Data Communications Topics • Introduction • Data Communications Networks • Network Models • Network Standards • Future Trends • Cybersecurity Issues Intro to Data Communication...

Data Communications & Networking Introduction to Data Communications Dr. Ramakrishna Dantu College of Business Intro to Data Communications Topics • Introduction • Data Communications Networks • Network Models • Network Standards • Future Trends • Cybersecurity Issues Intro to Data Communications Objectives… Be aware/familiar • of three fundamental questions this course • of the applications of data communications networks • of how data communications fit within the discipline of MIS • with the major components of and types of networks • with the role of network layers • with the role of network standards • with cyber security issues • of three key trends in communications and networking Intro to Data Communications Three Fundamental Questions • First, how does the Internet work?  When you access a website using your computer, laptop, iPad, or smartphone, what happens so that the page opens in your Web browser? • Second, how do I design a network? • Finally, how do I manage my network to make sure it is secure, provides good performance, and doesn’t cost too much? Introduction Intro to Data Communications Introduction • How does this course (Data Communications and Networking) relate to MIS? • MIS begins with an IT strategy:  a plan for buying and/or building IT to help the organization accomplish its goals.  involves increasing revenues and/or decreasing costs. • Companies must deploy the right IT to support their business operations Intro to Data Communications Four Core IT Capabilities within Organizational Settings 1) Storing and Retrieving Data 2) Analyzing and Visualizing Data 3) Automating Data Operations 4) Protecting Data Intro to Data Communications Core IT Capabilities within Organizational Settings • Storing and Retrieving Data  The “house” for data is a database.  Organizations use various types of databases. SQL databases are most common. • Analyzing and Visualizing Data  Managers need to able to make decisions regarding their business: Which regions bring in the most revenue? Which regions are losing money?  Tools such as Excel, Tableau, or PowerBI are used for a variety of techniques (e.g., aggregation, conditional aggregation, and charting). Intro to Data Communications Core IT Capabilities within Organizational Settings • Automating Data Operations  Many business operations, such as:  calculating the total amount of a items bought at a local store or an e-commerce web site  applying any discounts, and  determining appropriate taxes, etc., are repeated over and over again. • Protecting Data  Organizations must spend time and resources to protect their data and ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the data. Intro to Data Communications Foundation for Core IT Capabilities • In order for the IT strategy to implement the core capabilities, data communications and networking infrastructure must be available. • We use this infrastructure anytime we use the Internet on our laptop and even our cell phone. • MIS core capabilities and the IT strategy rest on a solid infrastructure. • Therefore, understanding how data communications and networking works becomes essential to understand what it takes for a modern organization to stay in business. Data Communication Networks Data Communication Networks What is Data Communications • It is the movement of data from one point to another by means of electrical or optical transmission systems.  Such systems are often called data communications networks. • Telecommunications is a broader term which includes:  A) voice and video (images and graphics) in addition to data  B) involves longer distances of data transport Data Communication Networks What do they do? • Transmit data flow between computers and servers. • Improve the day-to-day control of a business by providing faster information flow • Facilitate message transfer services such as email, chat, and video streaming. Components of a Network Components of a Network Network Components • Three basic hardware components for a data communications network:  a server (e.g., personal computer, mainframe)  a client (e.g., personal computer, terminal), and  a circuit (e.g., cable, modem) over which messages flow. • Both the server and client also need specialpurpose network software that enables them to communicate. Components of a Network Network Components • Server  The server stores data or software that can be accessed by the clients  In client–server computing, several servers may work together over the network with a client computer to support the business application. • Client  The client is the input–output hardware device at the user’s end of a communication circuit.  It typically provides users with access to the network and the data and software on the server. • Circuit  The circuit is the pathway through which the messages travel.  It is typically a copper wire, although fiber-optic cable and wireless transmission are becoming common.  There are many devices in the circuit that perform special functions such as switches and routers. Components of a Network Peer-to-Peer Networks • No server  Actually, a network does not need a server. • Similar computers  P-to-P networks involve a set of similar computers that share their data and software with each other. • Equals  In P-to-P networks, computers function as equals, rather than relying on a central server to store the needed data and software. Components of a Network Example of a Local Area Network Components of a Network Example of a Local Area Network • Wireless Access Point (AP)  Enables computers and devices to connect with each other wirelessly • Switch  Messages move through the switch to and from the computers. • Router  A special device that connects two or more networks.  Enables computers on one network to communicate with computers on the same network or on other networks (e.g., the Internet). Components of a Network Server Types • In this example, the network has three servers. • Although one server can perform many functions, networks are often designed so that a separate computer is used to provide different services • File Server  Stores data and software that can be used by computers on the network. • Web Server  Stores documents and graphics that can be accessed from any Web browser, such as Internet Explorer.  Responds to requests from computers on this network or any computer on the Internet. • Mail Server  Handles and delivers email over the network. Components of a Network Three Key Computers of a Network • The client initiates a communication with the server by sending a request to the server. • Once the server receives the request, it processes it, and responds with a response. • The router makes this connection possible. Components of a Network Hardware of the Computers of a Network • The hardware of all three devices is pretty much the same. • They have  a motherboard with CPU (central processing unit),  memory, and  some storage space. • However, only the client had a screen, keyboard, and mouse. Why? • The purpose of the server and the router is not to receive an input from the user (keyboard or mouse) or display output (screen) but rather to respond to requests, so they have no need for. Components of a Network Software of the Computers of a Network • Operating Systems and Software  Client  A client can have a variety of client operating systems (e.g., Windows, Mac OS, or Linux) and application software (e.g., a web browser, outlook).  Server  A server can have different operating systems (e.g., Windows, Linux, or z/OS) and application software (e.g., web server software, Exchange).  Router  What do you think is the operating system on a router?  About 90% of routers run Cisco IOS (Inter-operating system) specifically created for routers.  Cisco IOS is the second most popular operating system in the world, ahead of Mac and Linux. Thank You