Concrete Technology DBT143 - PDF

CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY DBT143 TOPIC 1 : INTRODUCTION TO CONCRETE Building Materials Great architecture are derived from fundamental building materials... LEARNING OUTCOME Upon completion of this lecture, the student will be able to: Explain...

CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY DBT143 TOPIC 1 : INTRODUCTION TO CONCRETE Building Materials Great architecture are derived from fundamental building materials... LEARNING OUTCOME Upon completion of this lecture, the student will be able to: Explain the definition of concrete Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of concrete Describe the applications and types of concrete LECTURE CONTENT 1. What is concrete? 2. Constituents of material for concrete 3. Advantages and disadvantages of concrete 4. Applications of concrete 5. Types of concrete WHAT IS CONCRETE? Concrete is one of the most commonly used building materials. Concrete is a composite material made from several readily available constituents (aggregates, sand, cement, water). Concrete is a versatile material that can easily be mixed to meet a variety of special needs and formed to virtually any shape. Concrete as building material maybe cast into bricks, blocks, and other relatives small buildings units which are used in the construction Formed all important elements in building – foundation, floor slab, column, beam, walls, etc CONSTİTUENTS Constituents of concrete Cement Water Fine Agg. Coarse Agg. Admixtures Fine and coarse aggregate mix are the inert/inactive ingredients Cement and water are the active materials As soon as water is added, chemical reaction begins between water and cement The reaction called hydration cause concrete to harden CHARACTERISTICS Strength of concrete Compressive strength of concrete (ability to stand /resist compression) is very high But, tensile strength is very low (ability to resist stretching, bending or twisting) Durability of concrete Refers to the extend which material is capable of resisting deterioration cause by exposure to service condition Strong and fireproof, structural concrete that exposed to elements must be weather resistance and watertight Factors that control the durability of concrete is its strength. Stronger the concrete, more durable it is ADVANTAGES Ability to be cast Economical Durable Energy efficient On-site fabrication Excellent resistance to water High temperature resistance – withstand heat for 2-6 hours Less maintenance required Ability to consume waste i.e woodash, flyash, rice husk ash, plastic and etc DISADVANTAGES Low tensile strength Quasi brittle failure mode Low ductility Volume instability a) Brittle – i.e b) Quasi-brittle glass – i.e concrete Low strength to weight ratio Formwork is needed Long curing time Working with cracks c) Ductile – i.e concrete + steel DISADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES a) Brittle – i.e b) Quasi-brittle glass – i.e concrete c) Ductile – i.e concrete + steel APPLICATIONS OF CONCRETE 1. Concrete Dams The characteristics of concrete such as high strength and unit weight make it a more suitable material for the construction of dams. Dams are used to store water and produce electricity. The loads imposed on the dam due to water pressure are very intense which makes concrete as a suitable material for dam construction. APPLICATIONS OF CONCRETE 2. Residential Buildings The construction of small buildings, villas, and even high-rise buildings are done using concrete with traditional or modern form-work as a method of construction of the skeleton from foundations to the slabs and of course columns and beams. APPLICATIONS OF CONCRETE 3. Commercial Buildings The use of concrete in commercial buildings makes it safer than using most other construction materials. It is mostly more economic than steel buildings and requires less maintenance. It is easy to control the heat transfer from inside to outside and vice versa which reduces the energy consumed. APPLICATIONS OF CONCRETE 4. Roads or Driveways Concrete streets, pavements, and driveways are more durable and stronger than asphalt roadways. The long-lasting service time and the less maintenance required for concrete roads make it the first choice of material for the construction of roads and driveways. APPLICATIONS OF CONCRETE 5. Marine Construction Concrete has had extensive use as a construction material for seawalls, jetties, groins, breakwaters, bulkheads, and other structures exposed to seawater. The performance record has generally been good. APPLICATIONS OF CONCRETE 6. Culverts and Sewers Sewers and underground construction works need strong and durable building materials and concrete is the ideal one. Culverts, piers, foundation, abutments are constructed using special concrete mix. APPLICATIONS OF CONCRETE 7. Foundations The foundation of high-rise or low-rise buildings is usually constructed using reinforced cement concrete, as it is durable and has a huge load-carrying capacity. APPLICATIONS OF CONCRETE 8. Fences The development in the precast concrete industry has improved the industry of concrete fences. It is faster to produce and install the fence elements using precast than the traditional method of concrete fence construction. Moreover, it is beautiful and more attractive. APPLICATIONS OF CONCRETE 9. Concrete Bridges Reinforced concrete strength, durability, ductility, weather resistance, fire resistance, and long-lasting life cycle makes the concrete the best solution for constructing the bridges. Pre-stressed concrete, post-stressed concrete, self compacted concrete are different types of concrete that may apply in bridges construction. TYPES OF CONCRETE Normal concrete High strength concrete Self compacting concrete Self-cleaning concrete Polymer concrete Recycled aggregate concrete Autoclaved aerated concrete Lightweight concrete Flexible concrete Bio concrete Fiber reinforced concrete Ferrocement Previous concrete Translucent concrete TYPES OF CONCRETE Normal concrete High strength concrete - https://theconstructor.org/concrete/high-strength- high-performance-concrete/8617/ Self compacting concrete - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5T18au- Pvew Self-cleaning concrete - https://edition.cnn.com/videos/business/2014/05/08/spc-make-create- innovate-tx-active.cnn/video/playlists/intl-make-create-innovate/ Polymer concrete - https://theconstructor.org/concrete/polymer-cement- concrete/5778/ Recycled aggregate concrete - https://happho.com/recycled-aggregate- concrete-applications-advantages-disadvantages-construction/ Autoclaved aerated concrete - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FS3BTDBMt7I Lightweight concrete - https://theconstructor.org/concrete/lightweight- concrete/1670/ TYPES OF CONCRETE Flexible concrete - https://theconstructor.org/concrete/flexible-bendable- concrete-composition-application/36008/ Bio concrete - https://www.google.com/search?q=bio+concrete&source=lnms&tbm=vid&s a=X&ved=2ahUKEwiqppWPo- 76AhVeyTgGHYS1B0YQ_AUoA3oECAEQBQ&biw=1536&bih=754&dpr=1. 25#fpstate=ive&vld=cid:b567d094,vid:H7frDSx9js8 Fiber reinforced concrete - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jWFncYgbCCg Ferrocement - https://theconstructor.org/concrete/ferrocement-in- construction/1156/ Previous concrete - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2wm4H65EDbE Translucent concrete - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ziNiMptZpQ Thank You